* Calculations use average data for Russia

Step 9. Business plan section: Financial plan

So, we proceed to the largest and most important section of your business plan, which contains financial information on the project, determines its cost and will help investors, business partners and you evaluate the new venture's ability to generate revenue Money in an amount sufficient to make payments on credit obligations (payment of interest or dividends, repayment of loans).

When describing financial results of the project, be sure to provide the conditions, estimates and assumptions on which you relied. Indicate whether the cost estimate was prepared by you or by an independent appraiser. Remember that logically based forecasts will help you set qualitative goals and achieve quantitative goals.

Please note: if you are planning to open a large (resource-intensive or manufacturing) enterprise and / or if you are going to take out a loan or a loan for its development, the calculations given in these tables will not be enough for you.

In this case, it is highly advisable to seek help in drawing up a business plan, and especially its financial part, from experts. As a result, you will receive a well-written document with sound economic calculations that will make a favorable impression on investors and creditors.

In the section with financial information can be included by law approved formsaccounting and financial reporting. As a rule, three main documents are given: a profit and loss statement, which reflects the company's activities by periods, a cash flow plan (Cash Flo), a balance sheet, which allows you to evaluate financial condition enterprises at a given point in time.

From the income statement, you can find out if your business is making a profit and how much, minus all existing expenses. Although this document does not give an idea either about the value of the company (as opposed to the balance sheet of the enterprise), or about the cash that it has.

This data is contained in the cash flow statement, which shows whether the company has enough cash to pay current liabilities (settlements with suppliers, payment wages employees, payment of taxes and other obligatory payments, payments on loans and borrowings, etc.).

However, in order to find out the real value of the company, the balance of the enterprise is necessary - the main form financial statements. It contains information about all liabilities and assets of the company in value terms. Simply put, the asset of the balance sheet contains information about the property and cash of the enterprise, and the liability contains information about the sources of this property and funds. The total assets and liabilities in the balance sheet must match.

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Describe in detail the proposed sources and financing schemes, the responsibility for repayment of loans, the system of guarantees that you can provide, and indicate the need for additional financial resources, if there is one. Take Special attention a description of the current and predicted situation in the market and in the economy, offer several different options for the development of events and ways to resolve possible crisis situations.

Prepare forecast and current financial statements, present the financial history of the company and its profit plan, assess the risks that investors and creditors may face, and indicate ways to minimize them.

Information on risks and guarantees is often placed in a separate subsection that describes external and internal factors that affect a specific type of risk, as well as measures to protect against possible financial losses of the enterprise and the creditor. Information about what problems may arise during the implementation of the project and how the entrepreneur is going to solve them is of great interest to investors.

The depth and analysis of the riskiness of the enterprise depends on the type of activity and the amount of expected losses. Risk is understood as the probability (threat) of loss by the enterprise of part of its resources, loss of income or the appearance of unplanned expenses resulting from production and financial activities companies.

There are three main types of risk: commercial, financial and industrial.

Commercial risk reflects the unreliability of income associated with the competitive environment and sales problems.

financial risk due to insufficient project financing, inability or unwillingness of the company to repay borrowed funds and interest on them.

Production risk associated with factors of poor product quality, unreliability of equipment, lack or weakness of supply systems for raw materials and materials, as well as with the ecology of production.
Provide a clear description of project costs and use of funds.

If you have already taken any loans for the development of your project, indicate the conditions and terms of repayment. You can do this in the form of a loan repayment schedule and interest payments.

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Also provide information on working capital indicating changes during the loan term and the proposed tax payment schedule, attach calculations of key indicators of solvency and liquidity, as well as forecasts for project performance.

Please note that the timing of your forecasts must match the timing of the loans or investments you are requesting.

In fact, you should reflect for several periods (monthly, quarterly, yearly) possible fluctuations in the exchange rate of the ruble against the dollar, the list and rates of taxes, inflation of the ruble, capital formation from own funds, loans, issuance of shares, the procedure for repaying loans and loans.

Business Plan: Project Performance Indicators

Evaluation of the effectiveness of an investment project will help the investor determine how much the price of the acquired asset (that is, the amount of investments) corresponds to the expected income, taking into account all the risks of the project. Thus, he will be able to understand whether it is advisable to invest in the project.

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If you registered as an individual entrepreneur, then when writing this section, use the following indicators, which are determined based on cash flows project and its participant: net income, net present value, internal norm profitability, need for additional financing, indexes of return on costs and investments, payback period.

net income is the profit, net of taxes, received by the company for a certain period of time. Net present value (NPV, NPV - Net Present Value) is the sum of the expected stream of payments, reduced to the cost of this moment time. Usually this important indicator is calculated when evaluating economic efficiency investments for streams of future payments.

net income and net present value characterize the excess of total cash receipts over total costs for a given project. In order for an investor to recognize your project as effective and want to invest their money in it, it is necessary that the NPV of your enterprise be positive. Accordingly, the higher this indicator, the higher the investment attractiveness of the project.

Internal rate of return(profit, profitability, return on investment, Internal Rate of Return - IRR) determines the maximum acceptable discount rate at which funds can be invested without loss for the owner. This indicator, which is often abbreviated as IRR (Internal Rate of Return), denotes the discount rate at which the net present value of an investment project is zero.

The simple payback period of an investment project is the period of simple return on the total net income from the project in which the capital was invested. For an investor, this indicator is not of great interest, since it does not indicate how much and for what period he will be able to receive additional profits.

But discounted payback period(Discounted payback period) indicates the period for which the funds invested in this project will provide the same amount of profit, discounted (given by a time factor) to the present moment, which during the same time could be received from another investment asset.

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Need for additional funding- this is the maximum value of the absolute value of the negative accumulated balance from investment and operating activities. This indicator indicates the minimum volume external funding project required for its implementation. For this reason, the need for additional financing is also called risk capital.

Yield Indices(profitability indexes) reflect the "return" of the project on the funds invested in it. They can be calculated for both discounted and undiscounted cash flows. This indicator is often compared investment projects, which differ from each other in terms of costs and revenue streams. When evaluating effectiveness, they usually use:

• cost return index- the ratio of the amount of accumulated revenues to the amount of accumulated costs;
• discounted cost return index- the ratio of the amount of discounted cash flows to the amount of discounted cash outflows;
• return on investment index– increased by one unit the ratio of PV to the accumulated volume of investments;
• discounted investment return index is the ratio of NPV to the accumulated discounted volume of investments increased by one.

Cost and investment return indices are greater than one if the net income for that cash flow is positive. Accordingly, the yield indices of discounted costs and investments are greater than one if the net present value for this flow is positive.

Return to the list of instructions for writing a business plan

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The financial plan in the business plan is responsible for planning the cash flow in the process of doing business. The success of the business largely depends on how competently and realistically the financial part is drawn up. Read about it in our article.

What is the financial part of a business plan

The financial plan in the business plan is the part of the business plan that is responsible for financially supporting the remaining sections. The financial plan determines how each item of the business plan will be implemented.

The purpose of the financial plan in business planning is to calculate such a positive balance between income and expenses, in which to keep this business will be appropriate.

The structure of the financial section of the business plan

Each component of the structure serves an end purpose. If at least one is not worked out, proportionality will be violated, and the entire financial plan will be unfeasible. It is appropriate to calculate the financial part of the new business for 2-3 years ahead.

Sales Forecast

When drawing up a business plan, it is imperative to consider what niche the new enterprise will occupy. And it’s better to prepare the ground in advance: verbally agree with potential partners, conclude an agreement with clients or start running a group on VKontakte / Instagram, interview consumers in thematic groups.

Profit and loss assessment

This item is made up of the following:

• income from sales;
• production costs;
• total profit;
• overhead costs;
• net profit (minus costs).

In this part of the financial plan, the main thing is to reflect how profit will change and for how long.

Cash flow analysis

Profit is the main goal of a business. But often an entrepreneur is faced with a problem when, with a good profit, there is not enough cash. . Common mistake: a businessman invests in business development most earned money, which increases the share of illiquid capital in total assets(the building, land, extensions, cars are on the balance sheet, but they cannot pay bills).

Annual balance sheet

The balance sheet is prepared at the end of the year. The balance between assets and liabilities is important not only for banks when applying for a loan, but also for an entrepreneur. For business, it is important to invest in the development of the enterprise (production, marketing), while the bank is interested in fixed assets, on the security of which it will issue a loan.

Important! Take into account in your calculations indicative prices, the taxation system, planning timelines, risk factors, as well as inflation and possible currency fluctuations.

How to determine the "golden mean" in planning? How much money to send from income production capacity? Or maybe buy another car or invest in advertising?

Experts talk about the optimal distribution of income: 40% - 40% - 20%.

40% of income pays current bills, i.e.:

• permanent (rent, gasoline, utility bills);
• variables (depreciation of machine tools, repair and replacement of equipment);
• target needs (taxes, salaries and other deductions).

40% of income is spent on assets:

• for business development (offline or Internet expansion, other startups, promotion);
• investment (purchase of real estate, land plots, buildings, shares).

20% of income - "airbag" in case of unforeseen expenses in the form of bank deposits or cash.

It is obvious that in the first year of work there will be an imbalance in the distribution of funds, however, for a comfortable business, you need to strive for this model.

Financial indicators of the business plan

Financial indicators - a quantitative expression of production and marketing indicators, objectively reflecting the state of affairs in business.

Financial indicators are needed both for banks and for an entrepreneur, since they allow you to calculate your own liquidity and help in managing the enterprise and employees.

Main financial indicators
Investment costs (rub.)	The sum of all funds invested in the project = own + borrowed funds
Operating costs (rub.)	Amount of daily expenses, fixed and variable
Gross revenue (rub.)	Total profit minus cost of production
Own funds(rub.)	Personal funds invested in business
Taxes (rub.)	Tax burden, taking into account the taxation system
Net profit(rub.)	Gross profit, other operating profit and financial profit minus taxes
Product profitability, in %	Krp = profit before tax / cost sold products * 100%
Return on assets	Kra = net income / total assets
Return on equity invested in the business	Krss = net profit / average value equity * 100%

These are simple financial indicators. The more complex the enterprise, the deeper the financial analysis necessary for an objective picture. Of course, drawing up a quality financial plan takes time and effort - sometimes to the detriment of other important things. Finding an opportunity for a full-fledged analysis will help outsourcing some of the routine tasks.

Sample financial plan in a business plan

On the Internet, there are templates and diagrams for compiling the financial section of a business plan to help an entrepreneur.

An example of calculating a financial plan in a business plan. Project "Cat Cafe"

Condition: there are no establishments of this type in the city. Cats from the city animal shelter are selected for sale. An agreement is drawn up with the shelter. Cafe area of ​​50 sq.m. - a room with 2-3 tables (drinks and snacks), a room for playing with cats and board games, a room for cats to rest, where they can hide, eat and rest.

Tax system - USN, UTII

1. Estimated sales volume.

Kotokafe is a kind of anti-cafe, the time spent in the institution is paid: the first hour - 200 rubles, the second - 150, the third and further - 100 rubles per hour per person. From the edible, you can order drinks in cups with a lid, at the bar there is only a mixer, a coffee machine, a water cooler and snacks. In order not to have problems with SES and work without a kitchen, an agreement was concluded with a catering company for the delivery of sandwiches and burgers. The facility is designed for small companies or families: average check from a company of 4 people for three hours - from 2,000 rubles. The approximate number of checks is 10-15, depending on the day of the week. The planned minimum revenue per day is 30,000 rubles, per month - 900,000 rubles.

2. Profit and loss assessment and cash flow analysis

Income and debit transactions		Amount, 1 month, before opening	Amount, 2 months, after opening	Amount, 3 months, after opening
	Own funds
	Borrowed funds	1,000,000, for 3 years at 12%
	Profit from sales, 1 month
	Opening costs: IP registration - 8,000; designer services - 15,000; contracts with the veterinary service, a cat shelter, selection of friendly cats, vaccinations, preparation of animals “for work” - 50,000; renovation of the premises - 400,000; purchase of equipment (carpets, pillows, low sofas, interior items, installation of wooden crossbars for cats, toys, board games) - 200,000; coffee machine, cooler, mixer - 100,000; marketing campaign - 150,000; installation of a video surveillance system, an agreement with a security company - 100,000; online cash desk and software - 30,000; other - 25,000.
	Fixed costs: hiring employees: 2 administrators, training, salary 20,000; gasoline - 5,000; rent - 150,000 (regions); utility bills - 50,000; an agreement with a company for the disposal of animal waste - 10,000; catering contract - 100,000; replacement of toys, board games - 5,000;
	Target spending: taxes, UTII payment of interest on a loan
TOTAL:		Arrival - 1 500 000	Parish - 900 000	Parish - 900 000
		Consumption - 1,293,000	Consumption - 522,000	Consumption - 595,000

"Airbag" a month before the opening at 207,000 - in case of unforeseen expenses. For the second month, the projected profit will be 378 thousand, for the third (including tax payments) - 305,000.

3. Profitability calculation

It should be noted that the return on assets is low: the ratio of net proceeds to the value of own assets (comprises all purchased equipment), because the property is leased. However, the forecast for net profit is not bad - 30% of revenue. In terms of financial performance and under current conditions, the Kotokafe project will pay off in about 7-8 months.

Checking the financial plan

You can check the consistency of the numbers on paper only by implementing the project.
At the end of the quarter, competent accounting assistance in preparing reports for regulatory authorities will be provided to you by specialists

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financial section responsible for providing consolidated monetary information. In general, all business plans can be written according to different methods and according to different requirements. Their format will largely depend on the goals of the project, its scope and main characteristics. The same differences may be present in the financial sections of such plans, however, as a rule, the process of writing this chapter can be divided into several main stages, namely:

1. Settlement standards;
2. General production expenses;
3. Cost estimate and calculation of the cost of goods or services;
4. Report on the main financial flows;
5. Report about incomes and material losses;
6. Estimated financial balance of the project;
7. Analysis of the main financial indicators;
8. Description of the method (methods) of financing.

Business plan financial plan structure

1. Calculation standards

In this paragraph, the following points should be defined and described:

• Prices that will be indicated in the business plan (permanent, current, with or without taxes);
• The taxation system, the amount of the tax, the timing of its payment;
• The terms covered by the business plan (planning horizon). Usually, given term is about three years: the first year is described in more detail, divided into monthly periods, while next years divided into quarters.
• Indication of the current inflation rate, inflation data for the last few years. Accounting for this factor regarding prices for expendable materials, raw materials, etc. - everything that will need to be purchased for the implementation of the described project.

2. General production costs.

The data on salaries correlate with those previously presented in the organizational and production plans information.

Variable, situational costs depend on the characteristics of production, goods, services. Various factors can be taken into account here, for example, seasonality. Make the right calculations variable costs is possible only after analyzing the volumes of output of goods or services and approximate levels of sales.

Fixed, recurring expenses depend on a single variable - time. These costs include business management, marketing, facility maintenance, equipment maintenance, etc.

3. Cost estimate and calculation of the cost of goods or services

The cost estimate (investment costs) is, in fact, a list of expenses that will need to be incurred in order to implement the project outlined in the business plan. This item should be described in as much detail as possible, as it allows you to determine the financial viability and effectiveness of investments.

If a business project involves the production of certain products, the costs of its organization and implementation should be covered by the initial working capital, which are also part of the investment costs.

The sources of such funds can be investments and, for example, credit funds.

The cost of production is calculated based on information about costs, salaries, overheads, etc. It also needs to take into account total production volumes and sales levels for a specific period of time (for example, a month or a year).

4. Report on the main financial flows

This item includes a description of all cash flows. Undoubtedly, this report is one of the main parts of the financial plan, as it is intended to show that the project will be financially secure at any stage of its activity and that there will be no cash gaps during the project.

5. Profit and loss statement

At this point, there is financial assessment activities of the enterprise, its income, expenses, profits and losses are described.

6. Financial balance of the project

To write this section, it is necessary to make a balance forecast based on all previous calculations or existing reports (if the enterprise is already operating). This forecast is also divided into months, the first year, quarters of subsequent years and the third year of operation.

7. Analysis of financial indicators of the project

After you draw up a balance sheet, you can analyze the main financial indicators. Such an analysis is done for the entire period of implementation of the plan, after which the financial characteristics of the project are summed up: its sustainability, solvency, profitability, payback period, present value of the project.

9. Descriptions of financing methods

In this paragraph, it is necessary to describe on what funds the project will be implemented. There are several types of financing, namely equity, leasing and debt. The sponsor can be the state in the form of subsidies or loans or private investors, and this must be indicated in the financial section of the business plan.

In the same paragraph, it is necessary to describe the process of borrowing and returning borrowed money, indicating the sources, amounts, interest rates and debt repayment schedule.

It should be emphasized that the financial plan is the most important and complex part of the business plan. Any mistake made can result in a refusal of funding, which means that it is better to entrust its compilation to a competent person. However, if your project is simple and does not involve, for example, the production of large batches of goods and their further sale, you can compose it yourself.

Any modern company that leads economic activity in a particular area of ​​business, is engaged in planning. Planning in business plays, if not a leading, then at least an important role in matters of economic efficiency and is aimed at maximizing the efficiency that a business can show.

The financial plan of an enterprise is a subspecies of a group of managerial, interrelated documents, which is compiled and maintained for advanced planning and operational management resources available to the firm in the form of money. Simply put, thanks to the financial plan, a balance is ensured between planned and actual receipts of revenue, and on the other hand, planned and actual expenses for the company's activities.

The balance of the financial and economic state of the company, which is achieved through high-quality financial planning, is perhaps the main profit of using such a management tool as the financial plan of the enterprise.

Types of financial plans of a modern enterprise

The fierce competition in today's market forces businesses to work much harder, seeking resources and opportunities to increase competitiveness within their operations. Subject financial plans, as well as their variable use in operational business issues, allow solving these problems. managerial tasks, based precisely on the internal plans and resources of the company, avoiding, if possible, the serious dependence of the business on a continuous stream of borrowing. Or, if not decide, then at least shape through tools financial planning balance within the economic issues of the organization.

It should be noted that financial plans at enterprises differ not only in the size of the planning period (duration), but also in composition. The composition of indicators or the composition of planning articles will differ in two parameters: purpose and degree of detail. Relatively speaking, for one company, the grouping of expenses “utility expenses” is sufficient, and for another, the planned and actual value of each indicator of the grouping is important: water, electricity, gas supply, and others. Therefore, the main classification of financial plans is considered to be the classification by the planning period, within which each specific company independently chooses the level of detail of the financial plan.

Usually, modern companies Three main types of financial plans are used in Russia:

• Fin. short-term plans: the maximum planning horizon is one year. Used for operational activities and may include the maximum detail of planned and actual indicators managed by the company's team.
• Fin. medium-term plans: the planning horizon is more than a year, but not more than five years. Used for planning in the horizon of 1-2 years, include investment and modernization plans that contribute to the growth or strengthening of the business.
• Fin. long-term plans: the longest planning horizon, starting from five years, which includes the interpretation of the long-term financial and operational goals of the company.

Figure 1. Types of financial plans of modern companies.

Development of a financial plan for a modern enterprise

The development of a financial plan for an enterprise is an individual process for each individual enterprise, depending on the internal economic characteristics and talent of the financial block specialists. At the same time, any approach, even the most exotic one, to the financial planning process requires financiers to include mandatory, that is, identical for all, financial data when drawing up financial plans:

• Planned and operational data on the volume of production and sales;
• Planned and actual budget data of subdivisions;
• Expenditure budget data;
• Revenue budget data;
• Data on accounts payable and accounts receivable;
• Data of budgets of taxes and deductions;
• Regulatory data;
• BDDS data;
• Specific data of management accounting of a particular enterprise.

Figure 2. Composition of data for the financial plan.

In practice, the role of financial plans in modern business huge. We can say that financial plans are gradually replacing traditional business plans, because they contain only specific information and enable management teams to constantly monitor critical values. In fact, for middle and top managers, the system of financial plans drawn up at the enterprise is the most dynamic tool. That is, any manager who has access to management information and the competence to manage such information can continuously improve the performance of the unit entrusted to him through the use of various combinations of financial planning tools.

Form of the financial plan of the enterprise and management tasks solved with the help of the system of financial plans

Today, there is no approved form or recognized standard of a financial plan for an enterprise, and the variability of the forms of this management tool is due to the internal specifics of enterprises. In management practice, there are traditional tabular forms of the system of financial plans of enterprises, own IT-developments in the form special programs and bundles of these programs that provide data import and export, and specialized packaged software systems.

In order for an enterprise to determine the required level of detail of its own financial plan, it is worth listing the list of management problems that the financial plan will help solve:

• The financial plan solves the problem of preparing and implementing at the enterprise a system for continuous assessment of the company's financial performance;
• The financial plan allows you to set up the process of continuous preparation of forecasts and plans for the company's activities;
• Determine the sources of income and the volume of financial resources planned for the enterprise;
• Form plans for the needs of the enterprise in financing;
• Plan standards within the enterprise;
• Find reserves and internal opportunities to improve efficiency;
• Manage the planned modernization and development of the company.

Thus, the system of interconnected financial plans becomes that part of the enterprise management system that reflects and makes it possible to manage all financial, economic, production and business processes, both within the enterprise and in the interaction of the company with the external economic environment.

Enterprise financial plan - sample

To create a quality financial plan, it is recommended to use the following sequence of actions:

1. Formulate the goals of drawing up a financial plan;

2. Specify the composition of indicators and the degree of detail;

3. Study examples and samples of financial plans;

4. Develop an example of a financial plan form and agree within the organization;

5. Based feedback from users of the sample financial plan of the enterprise - to develop a final individual template for the financial plan of the company.

Financial plans are drawn up not only to plan the work of a single company as a whole, they can perform different tasks– be the basis of projects, calculations within individual departments, or reflect financial data for a single manufactured part.

Figure 3. An example of a spreadsheet financial plan for a small project.

conclusions

The market economy dictates new requirements for business to its own organization. High competition forces businesses to focus on predictable results, which in turn is impossible without planning. This external market environment encourages companies to engage in financial planning to ensure their own efficiency.

Competent calculations and plans can provide an enterprise not only with current operating benefits, but also help in managing its prospects for the production of works and services, cash flow, investment activities and commercial development enterprises. The current financial condition of the enterprise and the corresponding reserve for the future directly depend on financial planning. A well-designed financial plan of an enterprise is a guarantee of protection from business risks and an optimal tool for managing internal and external factors that affect the success of a business.

• Gross profit \u003d revenue - cost of production.
• Financial profit = financial income - financial expenses.
• Operating income = operating income - operating expenses.

The balance sheet profit is calculated as follows:

An important indicator is profitability, it is calculated as follows:

Most often, it is necessary to determine the return on capital, assets, products. The profitability of activities is calculated as the ratio of profit from sales to costs.

Important: for the base year when planning the criteria for economic efficiency, the current year of the business plan is taken.

Cash flow planning

Cash flow planning includes a forecast of cash receipts from all sources, it can not only be income from sales, but also interest from the sale of shares or the lease of land.

When forecasting the movement of funds, the following aspects are taken into account:

• the total amount of money invested in starting a business;
• assets and liabilities of the firm;
• profit forecast (income from sales and interest on renting) and losses (expenses on materials and wages of workers employed by, inflation, payment of interest on a loan);
• evaluation of financial efficiency.

In efficiency planning, all cash costs and revenues are discounted and brought to present value.

Table 1 - Example of cash planning

Index	1st year	year	3rd year	4th year	5th year
Cash	X	X	X	xx	xxx
The arrival of money
Sales revenue	X	X	xx	xxx	xxx
Proceeds from the sale of shares	xx	X
Total income
Spending of money
Operating costs
Payment of salary
Raw material
Other costs
Capital investment
Payment of interest on a loan	X	xx	xx	X
Repayment of accounts payable	X	X	X	X	X
Paying income taxes					xx
Total Expenses
Total cash

When making a forecast, it is important to take into account such aspects as the inflation rate (taking into account the optimistic and pessimistic options) and risks.

The activities of the firm may depend on:

• commercial risk (includes aspects such as problems with the sale of goods or the activities of competitors);
• financial risk (includes aspects such as insufficient financing of the project, inability to return borrowed funds);
• production risk (includes aspects such as poor equipment, low quality products) and being a part for investors.

The balance of assets and liabilities is compiled on the basis of the calculation of net profit and cash turnover.

Enterprise balance forecast

The company's balance sheet contains specific indicators that reflect the success of the company. The forecast is made at the end of each year, and all the features of the company's activities for the coming year are taken into account. This may be a loan of funds or attracting investors.

After drawing up the balance sheet, you can see the rate of return, return on assets and capital, the ratio of own to borrowed funds in the future.

The company's balance sheet might look like this:

Table 2 - Balance sheet of the enterprise

Assets	1st year	2nd year	Liabilities and capital	1st year	2nd year
Working capital:			Short-term liabilities:
cash			short-term debt
accounts receivable			settlements with creditors and suppliers
inventory			Long-term debt
other			Tax debt
Main capital			Equity
Initial cost:			Profit to distribute
depreciation
book value of fixed capital
other
Tangible assets
Intangible assets
Total			Total

Summing up, reports are prepared containing the financial indicators of the business plan. Namely, income and expense statement, cash flow statement, asset and liability statement.

The financial plan, as an integral part of the business plan, involves the provision of all calculations for a period of up to 5 years, thanks to which you can see the main economic indicators, as well as identify the liquidity of the project model.

Features of different financial models

Clothing store:

1. For need start-up capital in the amount of 900 thousand rubles.
2. Store cost planning will include costs for rent, payment utility bills, purchase of goods and equipment, as well as wages. You also need to spend money on advertising the store.
3. The profitability of the clothing store will be about 50%.

Goose Farm:

1. financial model goose farm contains calculations for a large number indicators of economic efficiency, because the farm will need borrowed funds for the purchase of equipment and the arrangement of bird habitats, the lease or purchase of agricultural equipment and vehicles, the arrangement of a reservoir and places for birds to walk, and the rent of a slaughterhouse.
2. Opening a goose farm is a model of a large-scale project with large investments, but with a herd of 1000 heads (more than 70% of which are females), you can get an annual income of 9 million rubles.

Tattoo parlor:

1. The initial costs of the tattoo parlor are 800 thousand rubles.
2. The average amount left by one visitor is 2500 rubles.
3. The monthly expenses of the tattoo parlor are in the range of 85 thousand rubles.
4. Net profit is 100 thousand rubles.

An example of a coffee shop financial plan

When planning the financial model of a coffee shop, it is necessary to take into account what will depend on the location, prices, quality of service, as well as the services provided.

Table 3 - Financial performance indicators of the coffee house for the first year

Consider an example financial model when there is 1 million rubles to open a coffee shop. equity and 12 million in debt to be repaid within a year with an interest of 18%. We make a forecast for two years, since the project should pay off in a year.

Indicators	Total
Net profit (thousand rubles)	2668
Own funds (thousand rubles)	1000
Product profitability (%)