Safety requirements for the development of trenches and pits. Tire tread depth - what is the minimum allowed What is the allowed depth of each vertical working indicator

1. Uniform rolling of a wheel in a rolling circle for all wheel pairs not more than 5 mm, for the first wheel pairs of head cars not more than 3 mm, and also with a difference in rentals on one wheel pair not more than 2 mm.

Rolled metal on the tread surface of the wheel is formed due to its friction against the rails. In practice, it is generally accepted that 1 mm of rolled rim of a solid-rolled wheel occurs on average after a wheel pair has run 30,000 km.With a significant rolling, the top of the wheel flange, descending, approaches the bottom of the rail and thereby can destroy the bolted coupling of the frame rail and the counter rail on the turnouts, the bolts of the turnout plates, as well as other details of the track, which poses a threat to the safety of train traffic. Rental is measured by an absolute template.

2. Uneven rolling in a rolling circle for all wheel sets is not more than 0.7 mm, for the first wheel sets of the bogie of the head cars is not more than 0.5 mm.

3.Vertical undercut of the comb at a height of more than 18 mm (controlled by a template) or pointed roll.

The vertical undercut of the ridge is a consequence of a violation of the normal operating conditions of the wheelsets. Ridge undercut is especially often formed:

ü for four-axle cars with a large difference in the bases of the side frames of the bogies;

ü with a large difference in the diameters of the wheels mounted on one axle;

ü if there is a skew of the bogie frame;

ü from the asymmetrical fitting of the wheels on the axle.

In the presence of a pointed roll in the upper part of the ridge, regardless of the height of the undercut and the thickness of the ridge, the wheelset is not allowed to operate.Dangerous for movement is also a vertical undercut and a pointed roll of the crest, since this may cause the wheel to roll on a sharp point or a cut of the switch, which will lead to the derailment of the car.

4. The thickness of the wheel flange is less than 25 mm and more than 33 mm when measured at a distance of 18 mm from the top of the flange.

Ridge wear is formed from contact with the rail due to the tortuous movement of the wheelset on straight sections of the track and when the car passes along curves.Measuring the thickness and undercut of the ridge is necessary to ensure traffic safety. Exceeding the thickness of the crest in excess of the established dimensions can cause weakening of the fastening of parts of the turnout on the sleepers, their premature wear, wear of the crest, and in some cases derailment of cars. In addition, cracks and spalls can occur in a thin ridge.

5. Slider (pothole, flat, weld) on the tread surface in operation is not more than 0.3 mm.

The speed of distillation of the composition with sliders is higher than the established norm:

· Up to 1 mm. speed is not limited.

· From 1 mm - 2.5 mm speed no more than 35 km / h

· From 2.5 mm - 4 mm. speed not more than 15 km/h

· From 4 mm. movement is allowed on false carts at a speed of not more than 10 km/h on turnouts of not more than 5 km/h.

Sliders (potholes) are formed on the rolling surface of the wheels when they slide along the rails in the event of jamming of the wheel pairs. The sliders during the movement of the car cause shocks that have a destructive effect on the track, wheelsets and running gear. Therefore, wheel sets with roller bearings with sliders larger than 0.3 mm are not allowed to work under cars.

Navar - displacement of the metal of the wheel rim with a height more than acceptable. The cause of build-up is: intense plastic deformation of the metal during short-term jamming of the wheels (skid) with the appearance of alternating “V”-shaped shifts on the tread surface. Jamming of the wheel is accompanied by a significant heating of the metal, which leads to hardening of the surface of the rolling circle due to rapid cooling.

6. Crack or delamination in any element, captivity, spalling or shell in a bandage or rim, a network of cracks above the established norms.

Shells in the wheels are the result of non-metallic inclusions (slag, sand) inside the metal, which are found on the surface of the wheel after it has been abraded or turned.

7.Shift of wheel centers, wheels, gears.

Weakening and shifting of the wheel on the axle can occur due to incorrect tightness allowed when the wheel is pressed onto the axle, rough and incorrect boring of the wheel hub and turning of the axle part of the axle. Signs of a loose hub cap are rust or oil coming out of the hub with inside wheels, paint crack around the perimeter in connection with the hub.

8. Bandage or rim width - more than 133 mm and less than 126 mm. Broadening (crushing) of the bandage or rim at the outer edge is not more than 3 mm.

With soft wheel rim metal, a significant amount of metal can form at the outer edge of the tread surface.

9. The distance between the inner edges of the wheels is more than 1443 mm or less than 1437 mm. For wheelsets under the container is not less than 1435 mm.

10. Separate chipping with a total total area of more than 200 mm 2, a depth of more than 1 mm.

11. The difference in the diameters of the wheels of motor wheelsets in a circle of skating:

· one wheel pair no more than 2 mm.

· wheel pairs of one bogie no more than 8 mm.

· wheel pairs of different bogies of one car no more than 8 mm.

12. The diameter of the wheels in the skating circle is not less than 810 mm (for new wheelset 860)Measurement of the diameters of wheels mounted on one axle is necessary to ensure correct location wheelset in the track, since with different wheel diameters their slippage increases, and misalignments of the wheelset appear during movement. As a result, uneven surface rolling occurs.

wheel rolling, flange undercutting, wear of other parts of the running gear and additional twisting of the axle.

13. Traces of contact with the electrode, inclusion of copper in the metal base, electric ignition, a crack in any part of the axis.

14. Heating of the bearings of the gearbox and axle boxes in relation to environment not more than 35°С.

15. Release of grease from the gearbox and axle box.

16. The thickness of the rims at a distance of 10 mm from the outer edge, not less than 30 mm.

Means of measurement and control of wheel pairs

1. Absolute pattern. Template for measuring rolled products and wheel flange thickness.

The revision period is 2 months.

install the template by firmly pressing the upper stop against the top of the wheel flange, and the side support leg with an emphasis against the inner edge of the wheel rim.

To measure the thickness of the wheel flange, move the horizontal moving contact to the radius of the flange and, using the measuring scale, determine the thickness of the flange, which should be 25-33 mm at a distance of 18 mm from the top of the flange.

· To measure rolled products (uniform and uneven), move the vertical movable contact to the wheel tread surface and determine the amount of rolled products using the measuring scale.

2. Stichmass- to measure the distance between the inner edges of the bandage. The revision period is 2 months.

To carry out measurements, it is necessary: to establish a fixed contact in the middle of the inner face of the wheel rim, bring the moving contact to the inner face of the 2nd wheel of the given wheelset and with light movements from top to bottom and by rotating the measuring head on the movable contact, achieve contact of the tip of the movable contact with the inner face of the rim 2 th wheel.

Next, on the measuring scale, determine the distance between the inner edges of the rims of solid-rolled wheels.

3.Skoba for measuring the diameter of the wheels in the circle of rolling wheel pairs. The revision period is 3 months.

The measurements are carried out as follows: install the fixed contact of the bracket on the wheel tread, while the movable contact should be slightly higher than the diameter of the wheel, (the stops at the movable and fixed contacts should be firmly pressed against the outer edge of the wheel rim), then with a slight movement of the hand it is necessary to move the movable contact along the circumference until the point of the largest diameter passes (in this case, the stops should not come off the outer edge of the wheel rim). After that, the template is removed and the practical diameter of this wheel is determined from the scale on the movable contact.

4.Device for measuring the depth of notches on the axis wheelset with a pointer indicator. The revision period is 6 months.

To carry out measurements: install the device on an undamaged section of the axis, set the readings of the dial indicator to “0” by rotating the dial, then move the device at the risk, measure the depth of the risk by the deviation of the dial indicator.

5. Maximum profile template. The revision period is 6 months.

Used to check the profile of the tread surface of the c.p. after turning or when new wheelsets arrive at the electric depot. When taking measurements: the template must be pressed tightly without distortions to the inner edge of the tire or wheel rim, deviations from the profile of the template are allowed:

on the rolling surface no more than 0.5 mm;
the height of the ridge is not more than 1 mm.

6.Template for controlling the vertical undercutting of the wheel flange. The revision period is 6 months.

To carry out measurements it is necessary:

1) install the template on the wheel

2) firmly press the support leg against the inner edge of the wheel rim

3) move the working surface of the engine to the radius of the comb

4) check for clearance or with a probe the presence of a gap between the working surface of the engine and the row at a distance of 18 mm from the base of the comb

5) in the absence of a gap, the wheelset is subject to repair.

7. Caliper for measuring the width of the bandage. The revision period is 6 months.

To carry out measurements it is necessary:

1) bring the fixed contact of the caliper to the outer edge of the wheel from the axle box side.

2) with a smooth movement, bring the frame of the movable contact to the inner edge of the wheel.

3) according to the measuring scale, determine the width of the tire of the given wheel.

8.Shackle for measuring the diameter of the wheel under the car. The revision period is 6 months.

When measuring the wheel diameter without rolling out the wheelset, it is necessary:

1) set the template tightly against the inner edge of the wheel rim

2) install one of the fixed contacts on the wheel tread

3) smoothly lower the second fixed contact to the surface

4) rolling the wheel to a tight contact (while not allowing the stop of the template to come off the inner edge of the rim), while observing the change in the readings on the indicator clock (which occurs due to the contact of the mobile contact of the indicator clock with the wheel tread surface)

5) compare the readings with the calculated table of wheel diameter measurements

6) determine the practical diameter of the given wheel.

9.Adaptation with a pointer indicator for measuring the slider. The revision period is 12 months.

To carry out measurements it is necessary:

1) install the device on a damaged place on the wheel tread so that the measuring tip with its tip hits the center of the slider

2) fix the body of the dial indicator on the bracket

3) bring the indicator arrows to “0”

4) moving smoothly and evenly along the ridge and firmly pressing the support leg of the template against the inner edge of the wheel rim, transfer the device to an undamaged place

5) The reading of the indicator scale will indicate the depth of the slider.

The small arrow of the indicator indicates the whole number of millimeters, and the large arrow of the fraction of millimeters. One turn of the large hand is 1 mm.

10. Caliper for measuring the thickness of the wheel rim. The revision period is 12 months.

To carry out measurements it is necessary:

1) bring the fixed contact of the caliper to the inner edge of the wheel rim, while the stop on the caliper should tightly touch the outer edge of the rim

2) bring the moving contact frame to the rim from the side of the wheel tread,

3) determine the thickness of the tire of the given wheel using the measuring scale.

11. Non-contact thermometers "Kelvin", "Pirometer". The revision period is 12 months.

Non-contact type temperature meters are used to: check thermal units in all cases when organoleptic measurements are difficult or heating of the thermal unit is suspicious, while temperature meters convert the infrared radiation energy emitted by the surface of the object into an electrical signal. The signal is displayed in digital designation on the screen of the device. In this case, the emissivity value is set to 0.86, which corresponds to raw rubber soft.

All products are periodically calibrated or tested in accordance with federal law”On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements”.

Annex B
(mandatory)

Technological equipment for installing the insert in the bolster pocket

During the repair operation of welding the insert onto the inclined surface of the clip pocket, for correct installation inserting a wedge pocket along the vertical level, it is recommended to use the tooling shown in Figure B1. To center the insert relative to the pocket, use the tooling shown in Figure B2.

See Figure B1 - Tooling (111-4550-05) for installing the wedge pocket insert vertically
See Figure B2 - Tooling (Sh-4550-06) for centering the insert in the wedge pocket

Installation of the insert according to the level before welding with the help of equipment is shown in Figure B3. To set it to a vertical level, install snap-in 1 and bring insert 2 to it. It is necessary to check the correct installation in two places in turn: outside, position 3 shown in Figure B3 and inside, position 4 shown in Figure B3.

See Figure B3 - Installing the insert by level before welding using equipment (Sh-4550-05)

Centering of the insert 3 of the relative wear-resistant strips 2 of the vertical walls of the pocket along the entire height is to be carried out as shown in Figure B4. The rig 1 must not touch the wear-resistant strips 2 of the pocket.

See Figure B4 - Centering the insert before welding using the tooling (Sh-4550-06)

The installation level and centering of the insert should be checked before welding and after welding of the insert with tack welds.

Appendix B
(mandatory)

Wear-resistant elements of the bolster pocket

See Figure B1 - Wear-resistant strip of the side wall of the bolster pocket made of steel grade 08X18H10 according to GOST 5632 or steel grade 304 according to ASTM A666

See Figure B2 - Inserting the inclined surface of the bolster pocket from steel grade 20 according to GOST 1050

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

METHOD FOR MEASURING THE PARAMETERS OF ASSEMBLY AND PARTS DURING REPAIR OF CARTS MODEL 18-9855
RD 32 TsV 119-2011

FOREWORD

1 Developed by the Design Bureau of the Carriage Economy - a branch of Russian Railways (PKB TsV of Russian Railways),
2 Introduced
3 Introduced for the first time.

1 area of use

1.1 This procedure for performing measurements of the parameters of units and parts of bogies model 18-9855 is intended for use when carrying out:
- current uncoupling repair (TP);

Depovsky repair (DR);
- overhaul(KR).
1.2 This methodology can be used when carrying out the procedure for certification of freight rolling stock.

GOST 162-89: Depth gauges. Specifications;
GOST 166-89: Calipers. Specifications;
GOST 427-75: Measuring metal rulers. Specifications;
GOST 10905-86: Calibration and marking plates. Specifications;
TU 3182-046-44297774-2009 - "Two-axle three-piece bogie for 1520 mm gauge freight cars with an axle load of 25 tf. Model 18-9855". Specifications;
RD 32 TsV 117-2011 - "Two-axle three-piece bogie for 1520 mm gauge freight cars with an axle load of 245 kN (25 tf) model 18-9855". Repair manual;
RD 32 TsV 118-2011 - "Two-axle three-piece bogie for 1520 mm gauge freight cars with an axle load of 245 kN (25 tf) model 18-9855". Maintenance and Maintenance;
TsV / 3429 - Instructions for the inspection, examination, repair and formation of wagon wheelsets";
Instructions for welding and surfacing during the repair of freight cars, approved on May 30, 2008;
Design documentation 4701-09.00.00.000. Trolley mod. 18-9855.

3 Measurement conditions

When measuring the parameters of the Model 18-9855 Cart, the following conditions must be met:
- relative air humidity - no more than 80%;
- temperature deviation of the measurement object from the working space temperature - no more than +/- 5°C;
- noise level in the working area - no more than 80 dB. Before measurements, the surfaces to be measured must be cleaned of dirt, grease, and traces of corrosion.

4 Controlled parameters and measuring instruments

4.1 The list of controlled parameters and recommended measuring instruments is given in Table 1.

Table 1

┌─────┬────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬────────────────────────────────────┐
│ N │ Name │ Means │ Size by │ Size of controlled parameter │
│ p / p │ parameter │ │ drawing, │ at, mm │
│ │ │ │ mm │ │
│ │ │ │ ├───────────┬───────────┬────────────┤
│ │ │ │ │ TP │ DR │ KR │
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 │ 7 │
│ 1 │Controlled parameters of the bolster │
│ 1.1 │ Diameter │ Pattern │ +3 │ not more than │ not more than │ from 357.0 to │
│ │ thrust bearing │ T1405.00.001 │ 357.0 │ 369.0 │ 369.0 │ 360.0 incl. │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.2 │ Depth │ Pattern │42.0+/-1.0 │ - │ 41.0 to │ 41.0 to │
│ │ thrust bearing without │Т1405.00.001, │ │ │ 45.0 incl. │ 43.0 incl. │
│ │ wear-resistant │ set of probes │ │ │ │ │
│ │ liner │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.3 │ Diameter │ Caliper │ 60.0+/-1.5 │ - │ 58.5 to │ 58.5 to │
│ │ holes for │ ШЦ-1-125-0.1 │ │ │ 65.0 incl. │ 61.5 incl. │
│ │ kingpin │ GOST 166-89 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.4 │ Distance │ Pattern │ 200.0 +/-│ - │ from 197.5 │from 197.5 to │
│ │ between │Т1402.00.002, │ 2.5 │ │ up to 203.0 │ 203.0 incl. │
│ │ wear resistant │ probe set │ │ │ incl. │ │
│ │ wedge │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ pocket │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.5 │ Thickness │Valer caliper│ 5.0+/-0.5 │ - │ not less than │ from 4.5 to │
│ │ wear-resistant │ ShTs-1-125-0.1 │ │ │ 1.5 │ 5.5 incl. │
│ │ wedge │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ pocket │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.6 │ Working wear │ Template │ - │ no more │ no more │ no │
│ │ surfaces │T1402.00.003, │ │ 2.5 │ 2.5 │allowed │
│ │ inserts │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ wedge │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ pocket │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.7 │ Distance │ Pattern │ +1.5│ - │ from 305.0 │from 305.0 to │
│ │ between │Т1402.00.004, │ 308.0 │ │ up to 315.5 │ 309.5 incl. │
│ │ transverse │caliper│ -3.0│ │ incl. │ │
│ │ stops │ ShTs-P-500-0.1 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ GOST 166-89, │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ probe set │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.8 │ Distance from │ Template │ - │ - │ no more than │ no more than │
│ │ internal │Т1402.00.004, │ │ │ 73.0 │ 73.0 │
│ │ wear-resistant │ probe set │ │ │ │ │
│ │ straps up to │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ internal │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ stop │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 1.9 │ Wear │ Pattern │ - │ - │ no more │ no │
│ │ internal │T1402.00.004, │ │ │ 5.0 │allowed │
│ │ thrust wall │ probe set │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│1.10 │ Distance │Caliper│ +2.0 │ - │ not less than │from 456.5 to │
│ │ between │ ShTs-P-500-0.1 │ 458.0 │ │ 446.5 │ 460.0 incl. │
│ │ internal │ GOST 166-89 │ -1.5 │ │ │ │
│ │ persistent │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ walls │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────────┤
│ 2 │Slider controlled parameters │
├─────┼────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬────────────┤
│ 2.1 │ Depth │Valer caliper│ 3.0+/-0.5 │ 0...3.5 │ not less than │ from 2.5 to │
│ │ indicator on │ ShTs-1-125-0L │ │ │ 1.0 │ 3.5 incl. │
│ │ cap │ GOST 166-89 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ or ruler │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │metal │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ 150 mm GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ 427-75 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 2.2 │ Total │ Probe set │ 1.5+/-0.5 │ - │ not more than │ not more than │
│ │ longitudinal │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ 6.0 │ 3.0 │
│ │ gap between │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ cap and │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ body │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 2.3 │ Spring height │ Shtangenglu- │ │ │ │ │
│ │ slip: │ binomer ShG- │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ 160-0.1 GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ 162-90 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ - outdoor │ Plate │ +3.5│ +3.5 │ +3.5 │ +3.5 │
│ │ │ verification │ 98.0 │ 98.0 │ 98.0 │ 98.0 │
│ │ │ 2-2-630x400 │ -1.0│ -1.0 │ -1.0 │ -1.0 │
│ │ - internal │ │ +3.5 │ +3.5 │ +3.5 │ +3.5 │
│ │ │ │ 110,0 │ 110,0 │ 110,0 │ 110,0 │
│ │ │ │ -1,0 │ -1,0 │ -1,0 │ -1,0 │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 2.4 │ Difference │ Shtangenglu- │ not more than │ - │ not more than │ not more than │
│ │ of the same type │ binomer ShG- │ 2.0 │ │ 2.0 │ 2.0 │
│ │ springs according to │ 160-0.1 GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ skid │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 2.5 │ Setting │ Pattern │ 128.0 +/- │ - │ from 126.5 │from 126.5 to │
│ │ height │ T1402.00.005 │ 1.5 │ │ up to 129.5 │ 129.5 incl. │
│ │ sliders under │ │ │ │ incl. │ │
│ │ body │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────────┤
│ 3 │Controlled parameters of the springs of the spring set and friction wedges │
├─────┼────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬────────────┤
│ 3.1 │ Depth │Valer caliper│ 6.0+/-1.5 │ not less than │ not less than │ not less than │
│ │ indicator │ ShTs-1-125-0.1 │ │ 1.0 │ 2.0 │ 4.5 │
│ │ vertical │ GOST 166-89 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ working │ or ruler │ │ │ │ │
│ │ surfaces │metal │ │ │ │ │
│ │ wedge │ 150 mm GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ 427-75 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 3.2 │ Vertical │ Template │ 80.5+/-1.5│ not less than │ not less than │ not less than │
│ │ distance from │ Т1402.00.006 │ │ 70.5 │ 70.5 │ 79.0 │
│ │ reference │ pattern │ │ │ │ │
│ │ surfaces up to │ Т1402.00.007 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ working section │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ points │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 3.3 │ Spring height, │ Shtangenglu- │ │ │ │ │
│ │ under │ 300-0,) GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ bolster │ 162-90 Plate │ │ │ │ │
│ │ beam, in │ verification 2- │ │ │ │ │
│ │ free │2-630x400 GOST│ │ │ │ │
│ │ condition: │ 10905-86 │ │ │ │ │
│ ├────────────────┤ ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ │ - outdoor │ │ +5.5│ +5.5 │ +5.5 │ +5.5 │
│ │ │ │ 240,0 │ 240,0 │ 240,0 │ 240,0 │
│ │ │ │ -1,5│ -1,5 │ -1,5 │ -1,5 │
│ ├────────────────┤ ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ │ - internal │ │ +7.0 │ +7.0 │ +7.0 │ +7.0 │
│ │ │ │ 275,0 │ 275,0 │ 275,0 │ 275,0 │
│ │ │ │ -2,0 │ -2,0 │ -2,0 │ -2,0 │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 3.4 │ Spring height, │ Shtangenglu- │ │ │ │ │
│ │ installed │ binomer ShG- │ │ │ │ │
│ │ for friction │ 300-0.1 GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ wedges, in │ 162-90 Plate │ │ │ │ │
│ │ free │ verification 2-│ │ │ │ │
│ │ condition: │ 2-630x400 │ │ │ │ │
│ ├─────────────────┤ GOST 10905-86 ─────────┼─────────────┤
│ │ - outdoor │ │ +7.0│ +7.0 │ +7.0 │ +7.0 │
│ │ │ │ 285,0 │285,0 │285,0 │285,0 │
│ │ │ │ -2,0│ -2,0 │ -2,0 │ -2,0 │
│ ├────────────────┤ ├───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ │ - internal │ │ +7.0│ +7.0 │ +7.0│ +7.0 │
│ │ │ │ 290,0 │ 290,0 │ 290,0 │ 290,0 │
│ │ │ │ -2,0│ -2,0 │ -2,0│ -2,0 │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 3.5 │ Difference │ Shtangenglu- │ not more than │ - │ not more than │ not more than │
│ │ of the same type │ binomer ShG- │ 4.0 │ │ 4.0 │ 4.0 │
│ │ springs according to │ 300-0.1 GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ height in one │ 162-90 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ spring │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ bundled │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────────┤
│ 4 │Controlled parameters of the side frame │
├─────┼────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬────────────┤
│ 4.1 │ Width │ Patterns │ +2.0 │ - │ from 196.0 │from 196.0 to │
│ │ axle box │T1402.00.008, │ 197.0 │ │ up to 201.0 │ 199.0 incl. │
│ │ opening between │T1402.00.009, │ -1.0 │ │ incl. │ │
│ │ support │ Т1402.01.000 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ stops │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 4.2 │Reference width │ Pattern T │ +1.5│ - │86.5 to │ 86.5 to │
│ │ stop │ 1402.00.009 │ 89.0 │ │ 90.5 incl. │ 90.5 incl. │
│ │ │ │ -2,5│ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 4.3 │ Distance │ Pattern │ +3.0│ - │ from 462.5 │from 462.5 to │
│ │ between │Т1402.00.010. │ 464.0 │ │ up to 472.5 │ 468.5 incl. │
│ │ friction │ probe set │ -1.5│ │ incl. │ │
│ │ slats │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 4.4 │ Thickness │Valer caliper│ 12.0+/-0.5│ not less than │ not less than │ not less than │
│ │ frictional │ТТП1-1-125-0.1│ │ 8.0 │ 8.0 │ 10.0 │
│ │ slats │ GOST 166-89 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 4.5 │ Clamp wear │Valier caliper│ - │ - │ not more than │ not │
│ │ reference │ ShTs-1-125-0.1 │ │ │ 2.0 │ allowed │
│ │ surfaces │ GOST 166-89 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ box │ or ruler │ │ │ │ │
│ │ opening │ metal │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ 150 mm GOST │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ 427-75 set │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ probes │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 4.6 │ Width │ Pattern │ +5.0│ - │ from 263.0 │from 263.0 to │
│ │ vertical │Т1402.00.010, │ 268.0 │ │ up to 273.0 │ 273.0 incl. │
│ │ stands │ probe set │ │ │ incl. │ │
│ │ spring │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ opening │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 4.7 │ Movement │ Caliper │ - │ no more │ no more │ no more │
│ │ staples in │ ShTs-1-125-0.1 │ │ 10.0 (in │ 10.0 or │ 5.0 │
│ │ transverse │ GOST 166-89 │ │ case │ not more than │ │
│ │ direction │ or set │ │ replacement) │ 5.0 (in │ │
│ │ relative to │ probes │ │ │ case │ │
│ │ reference │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ replacement) │ │
│ │ surfaces │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ box │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ opening │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────────┤
│ 5 │Controlled adapter parameters │
├─────┼────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬────────────┤
│ 5.1 │ Wear of each │ Template T │ - │ - │ not more than │ not │
│ │ vertical │ 1402.00.011 │ │ │ 3.0 │ allowed │
│ │ outdoor │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ surfaces │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 5.2 │ Depth │ Template │ - │ - │ not more than │ not │
│ │grooved │ Т1402.00.011 │ │ │ 0.7 │allowed │
│ │ collar development │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 5.3 │ Depth │ Template │ 3.0+/-0.5 │ - │ not less than │ from 2.5 to │
│ │ control │ T1402.00.011 │ │ │ 0.8 │ 3.5 incl. │
│ │ grooves on │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ cylindrical │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ supporting │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ surfaces │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────────┤
│ 5.4 │ Depth │ Caliper│ 3.0+/-0.8 │ - │ 0 to │ 2.2 to │
│ │ control │ ShTs-1-125-0.1 │ │ │ 3.8 incl. │ 3.8 incl. │
│ │ notches on │ GOST 166-89 │ │ │ │ │
│ │ reference │ or set │ │ │ │ │
│ │ surfaces under │ probes │ │ │ │ │
│ │ side frame │ Т1402.02.000 │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────────┤
│ 6 │Controlled parameters of the wheelset │
├─────┼────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬────────────┤
│ 6.1 │ Difference │ Staple DK │ - │ - │ not more than │ not more than │
│ │ wheel diameters │ Т447.01.000 │ │ │ 1.0 (0.5 │ 1.0 (0.5 │
│ │ in a circle │TU32CV 1779-95│ │ │ at │ at │
│ │ riding with │ │ │ │ turning) │ turning) │
│ │ absence │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ Faults: │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ - in one │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ wheelset │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ - in one │ │ │ │ no more │ no more │
│ │ cart │ │ │ │ 12.0 │ 6.0 │
│ ├────────────────┤ │ │ ├───────────┼────────────┤
│ │ - in two │ │ │ │ no more │ no more │
│ │ carts, │ │ │ │ 24.0 │ 12.0 │
│ │ rolling │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ under the wagon │ │ │ │ │ │
├─────┼────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────────┤
│ 7 │Controlled parameters of the kingpin │
├─────┼────────────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬────────────┤
│ 7.1 │ Wear according to │Valer caliper│ - │ - │ not more than │ not │
│ │ diameter │ ШЦ-1-125-0.1 │ │ │ 3.0 │ allowed │
│ │ │ GOST 166-89 │ │ │ │ │
└─────┴────────────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────────┘

5 Measurement methods

5.1 Checking the parameters of the bolster
5.1.1 Checking the thrust bearing diameter with ring installed
The wear of the thrust surface of the thrust bearing with the installed ring is determined
as a result of the control of the inner diameter in the longitudinal and transverse
planes. Template T1405.00.001 is used to control the thrust bearing diameter.
+3,0
The thrust bearing diameter with ring installed is 357.0 mm.
When releasing from the CR, the diameter of the thrust bearing with the installed ring should
+3,0
comply with the drawing dimensions (357.0 mm). For pattern control
T1405.00.001 is installed with the through side in the longitudinal direction
(along the axis of the path), as shown in Figure 1. If the pattern passes, then
the bearing is considered acceptable. Then rotate the template by 90° and similarly
How to determine the suitability of the thrust bearing in the transverse direction.

See Figure 1

Additionally, to control the size of 360.0 mm, you can use the ShTs-Sh-400-0.1 caliper GOST 166-89.
When issuing from DR and TP, the size of the bearing diameter should not exceed 369.0 mm. For control purposes, template T1405.00.001 is installed with the impassable side in the longitudinal direction (along the axis of the track), as shown in Figure 2. If the template does not pass, the thrust bearing is considered good. Then the template must be rotated by 90° and in the same way to determine the suitability of the thrust bearing in the transverse direction.

See Figure 2

5.1.2 Depth control of the thrust bearing without wear bush
To control the thrust bearing depth without a wear-resistant insert, template T1405.00.001 and a 2.0 mm feeler gauge from the T1402.02.000 set of stylus are used. The thrust bearing depth is (42.0+/-1.0) mm. Depth measurement must be made at two points of the longitudinal and two points of the cross section.
For control, template T1405.00.001 is installed with the through side, as shown in Figure 3.

See Figure 3

When releasing from the DR, the size of the thrust bearing depth should not exceed 45.0 mm, which corresponds to the presence of a gap "a". When releasing from the KR, the size of the thrust bearing depth must correspond to the drawing dimensions (42.0 +/- 1.0) mm, the gap "a" must be at least 2.0 mm.
5.1.3 The control of other parameters of units and parts of the bogie model 18-9855 is carried out in accordance with RD 32 TsV 110-2011 "Methodology for measuring the parameters of units and parts during the repair of bogies model 18-9810".
The numbers of the points of the methodology are given in Table 2.

table 2

Parameter name	Item number RD 32 CV 110-2011

Controlled parameters of the bolster
Pivot hole diameter
The distance between the wear-resistant strips of the wedge pocket
Wedge pocket wear plate thickness
Wear of the working surface of the wear-resistant insert wedge pocket
Distance between cross stops
Distance from inner wear bar to internal stop
Wear of the inner thrust wall
Distance between inner retaining walls
Controlled bearing parameters
Depth indicator on cap
The total longitudinal gap between the cap and corps
Side bearing spring height: outer and inner
slipper
Mounting height of bearings under the body
Controlled parameters of the springs of the spring set and friction wedges
Depth of vertical work surface indicator wedge
Vertical distance from bearing surface to operating point section
The height of the springs installed under the bolster beam, in a free state: external and internal
The height of the springs installed under the friction wedges, in a free state: external and internal
The difference of the same type of springs in height in one spring set
Controlled parameters of the side frame
The width of the box opening between the support stops
Support stop width
Distance between friction bars
Friction bar thickness
Deterioration of the bracket of the bearing surface of the box opening
Width of a vertical rack of a spring opening
Moving the staple in the transverse direction relative to the bearing surface of the box opening
Monitored adapter parameters
Wear on each vertical outer surface
Depth of the grooved development of the collar
The depth of the control groove on the cylindrical supporting surface
Depth of the control notch on the supporting surface under the side frame
Controlled parameters of the wheelset
Difference of wheel diameters in the rolling circle with Forward >

(revision period --- 2 months).

: install the template by firmly pressing the upper stop to the top of the wheel flange, and the side support leg with the stop to the inner edge of the wheel rim.

To measure the thickness of the wheel flange, move the horizontal moving contact to the radius of the flange and, using the measuring scale, determine the size of the flange thickness, which should be 25-33 mm at a distance of 18 mm from the top of the ridge.

To measure rolled products (uniform and uneven), move the vertical movable contact to the wheel tread surface and determine the amount of rolled products using the measuring scale, which should be:

(Uniform rolling for wheel pairs of the first bogie of the head car with a stall valve installed --- no more than 3 mm;

Uniform rental for other wheelsets --- no more than 5 mm;

Uneven rolling for wheel pairs of the first bogie of the head car with a stall valve installed --- no more than 0.5 mm;

Uneven rolling for other wheelsets --- no more than 0.7 mm.

Nutromer (shtihmass)- to measure the distance between the inner edges of the tire or wheel rims (revision period --- 2 months).

To carry out measurements, it is necessary: set the fixed contact to the middle of the inner face of the wheel rim, bring the moving contact to the inner face of the 2nd wheel of the given wheelset and with light movements from top to bottom and by rotating the measuring head on the movable contact, bring the tip of the movable contact into contact with the inner face of the rim of the 2nd wheel. Next, on the measuring scale, determine the distance between the inner edges of the rims of solid-rolled wheels.

(the distance between the inner edges of the rims of solid-rolled wheels should be 1443-1437 mm, for a loaded c.p. deviation at the bottom point is allowed - no more than 2 mm).

Audit period 3 months:

Clamp for measuring the diameter of the wheels in the circle of rolling wheelsets(Revision period --- 3 months).

Measurements are carried out as follows: install the fixed contact of the bracket on the wheel rolling surface, while the movable contact should be slightly higher than the diameter of the wheel, (the stops at the movable and fixed contacts should be tightly pressed against the outer edge of the wheel rim), then with a slight movement of the hand, move the movable contact around the circumference to passing the point of the largest diameter (in this case, the stops should not come off the outer edge of the wheel rim). After that, the template is removed and the practical diameter of this wheel is determined from the scale on the movable contact. (wheel diameter not less than 810 mm 2;8;12mm).

Audit period 6 months:

Device for measuring the depth of notches on the wheelset axle with a dial gauge(revision period --- 6 months).

For taking measurements: install the device on an undamaged section of the axis, set the readings of the dial indicator by rotating the dial to “0” , then move the device at the risk, measure the depth of the risk by the deviation of the dial indicator

--- no more than two blunt transverse or oblique marks are allowed on the middle part of the axle up to 0.2 mm deep no closer than 30 mm from fillets;

--- no more than two blunt transverse notches are allowed on each axle neck up to 0.2 mm deep no closer than 140 mm from the end of the fillet;

--- allowed on each axle neck no more than two longitudinal notches with a depth up to 0.2 mm not closer than 100 mm from the end of the fillet.

Maximum profile template(revision period --- 6 months).

Used to check the profile of the tread surface of the c.p. after turning or upon receipt of new k.p. at the electric depot. When taking measurements: the template must be pressed tightly without distortions to the inner edge of the tire or wheel rim, deviations from the profile of the template are allowed:

--- on the tread surface no more than 0.5 mm;

--- by ridge height no more than 1 mm.

Template for checking the vertical undercut of the wheel flange(revision period --- 6 months).

To carry out measurements, it is necessary: install the template on the wheel, firmly pressing the support leg against the inner edge of the wheel rim, then move the working surface of the engine to the radius of the ridge. Check for clearance or with a probe the presence of a gap between the working surface of the engine and the row at a distance of 18 mm from the base of the comb.

In the absence of a gap, the wheel pair is subject to repair.

(vertical comb undercut - not allowed).

Caliper for measuring bandage width(revision period --- 6 months).

To carry out measurements, it is necessary: bring the fixed contact of the caliper to

(band width should be --- 133 - 126 mm).

Clamp for measuring the diameter of the wheel under the car(revision period --- 6 months).

To measure the wheel diameter without rolling out the wheelset, you must: set the stop of the template tightly against the inner edge of the wheel rim, install one of the fixed contacts on the wheel tread surface, then lower the second fixed contact onto the wheel tread surface with a smooth movement until it makes tight contact (while not allowing the template stop to come off the inner edge of the rim), while observing for a change in the indications on the indicator watch (which occurs due to the contact of the movable contact of the indicator watch with the wheel tread surface). Further, the readings are compared with the calculated table of measurements of the wheel diameter and the practical diameter of this wheel is found out.

(wheel diameter not less than 810 mm taking into account the rental, the difference in wheel diameters 2;8;12mm).

Audit period 1 year:

Dial indicator device for measuring the slide

To carry out measurements, it is necessary: install the fixture on a damaged place on the wheel tread so that the measuring tip hits the center of the slider with its tip, fix the dial indicator housing on the bracket, bring the indicator arrows to “0” , then moving smoothly and evenly along the ridge and firmly pressing the support leg of the template against the inner edge of the wheel rim, move the device to an undamaged place, the indication of the indicator scale will indicate the depth of the slider (It must be remembered that the small arrow of the indicator indicates an integer number of millimeters, and the large arrow indicates a fraction of millimeters (the whole circle of the large arrow is 1 mm)).(not allowed slider depth -- more than 0.3 mm;

height displacement of metal is not allowed -- more than 0.3 mm;

chipping area -- over 200 mm² and depth - more than 1 mm.

Caliper for measuring the thickness of the wheel rim tire at a distance of 10 mm from the outer edge(revision period --- 12 months).

To carry out measurements, it is necessary: bring the fixed contact of the caliper to the inner edge of the wheel rim, while the stop on the caliper should tightly touch the outer edge of the rim (as shown in the photo above), then bring the frame of the movable contact to the rim from the side of the wheel tread, then determine on the measuring scale the thickness of the tire of this wheel.

(thickness of bandage should be --- not less than 30 mm).

Counter-pattern for lap profile control(revision period --- 12 months).

It is used to check the maximum profile template (the counter template has a profile corresponding to the design profile of the wheel tread). When bringing together the template and counter-template (as shown in the photo above), their profiles should be tightly connected and have no gap.

Counter-template to the absolute gauge for measuring rolled products and crest thickness(revision period --- 12 months).

Used to test an absolute pattern. When reducing the template and the counter-template (as shown above in the photo), their profiles should be tightly connected and not have a gap, the stops should have tight contact, while the sliders of the absolute template's moving contacts with their tips should clearly touch the corresponding marks on the counter-template, the scale of the movable contact for measurement the thickness of the comb should clearly show the largest value (33 mm, this is shown in the top photo), and the scale of the moving contact for measuring rolled products should clearly show “0” (as shown in the bottom photo)

Counter-template to the template for controlling the vertical undercut of the ridge(revision period --- 12 months).

Non-contact thermometers "Kelvin", "Pirometer"(revision period --- 12 months).

Non-contact type temperature meters are used for: checks of thermal nodes in all cases when organoleptic measurements are difficult or heating of the thermal node is suspicious, while temperature meters convert the infrared radiation energy emitted by the surface of the object into an electrical signal that is displayed digitally on the device screen (as shown in the photo above) . In this case, the emissivity value is set --- 0,86 (which corresponds to --- soft raw rubber (according to paragraph 6.3 of the Instructions).

All products are periodically calibrated or tested in accordance with Fed. Law "On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements".

Responsible for the maintenance of measuring and control instruments, as well as for monitoring the timing of calibration in the depot, is assigned to: the foreman in charge of the control unit repair section, the foreman of the mechanical department, the foreman of the tool economy, the metrology engineer.

Measuring instruments must be checked in accordance with PR 50.2.006-94 ”GSI. The procedure for checking measuring instruments” or calibrated in accordance with PR 50.2.016-94 “GSI. Requirements for performing calibration work”.

Types and frequency Maintenance and repair of wheelsets:

Temperature displacement indicator BK-591290, BK-590287

The kit includes:

1. Indicator of temperature movements BK-591290. Bk 590287.

2. Corner table.

3. Packing - wooden box with dimensions of 750mm by 450mm by 40mm. Weight with packaging 14.5kg.

4. Certificate of manufacture.

5. Certificates for materials.

1. DISPLACEMENT INDICATORS, INSTALLATION AND PREPARATION FOR OPERATION
1.1. General form displacement indicator supplied by TECHENERGO LLC (drawings BK-590287, 591290) is schematically shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2. Steam line movement indicator

Fig.2. Steam line movement indicator:
1 - steam pipeline; 2 - thermal insulation; 3 - bracket; 4 - stock; 5 - rod;
6 - plate; 7 - corner frame

The given design of the indicator is recommended. It is allowed to use indicators of a different design with registration of movements of the steam pipeline in space with the required accuracy.

1.2. Indicators are installed on straight sections of steam pipelines, preferably near bends through 2-3 spans between supports, in places with the expected highest values of thermal displacements and convenient for access and maintenance.

At least three indicators must be provided on the main steam pipelines from the boiler to the turbine of block installations, at least two indicators on the steam pipelines from the boiler to the switching manifold and from the switching manifold to the turbine on power plants with cross connections.

In order to detect warping of the steam pipeline due to temperature irregularities, it is advisable to install two indicators at the ends of the section and one in the middle of the section on horizontal sections with a length of more than 5 m.

1.3. Installation of indicators should be carried out in the following sequence:

– welding of the bracket to the steam pipeline before thermal insulation is applied;

- installation of rods in the bracket, installation of the corner frame, taking into account the requirements of clause 3.5, and welding it to the fixed structures after applying thermal insulation and cutting the blocking ties of the support springs.

In the case when the measurement limits of the indicator exceed the maximum design values of the total displacements of the steam pipeline, it is allowed to install the angular frames of the indicator until the blocking ties of the support springs are cut off with the control over the total displacements of the steam pipeline. At the same time, in order to avoid damage during installation and insulation work, after fixing the position indicators of the axis of the steam pipeline on the plates (support springs are blocked by welded ties), the rods should be removed and reinstalled after all installation and insulation work is completed before heating the steam pipeline.

1.4. Bracket 3 of the indicator (see Fig. 2) is welded to the steam pipeline in accordance with the requirements of the “Guiding technical materials for welding during installation of equipment for thermal power plants: PTM-1C-81” (M .: Energoizdat, 1982) at a distance of at least 100 mm from bend, welded joint and at least 200 mm from the edge of the support. In this case, the indicator rods should be directed along the coordinate axes adopted in the design calculations.

- along the building of the main building towards the temporary end;

– at an angle of 90° to the axis of the building of the main building;

- vertically.

In order for both indicator plates to be located in a vertical plane (in this case, the cleanliness of the working surfaces of the plates under operating conditions is ensured), it is recommended to place the bracket welded to the steam pipeline vertically. In cases where this is not possible due to layout conditions or when the indicator is installed on vertical sections of steam pipelines, it is allowed to cut the bracket and weld its head to fasten the rods at an angle of 90° (Fig. 3). In this case, it should be provided that the distance (see Fig. 3) from the bracket head to the surface of the thermal insulation is greater than the length of the indicator rod rod. This ensures the possibility of replacing the rods in case of damage during operation.

Fig.3. Scheme of installation of the displacement indicator on the vertical section of the steam pipeline

1.5. The installation of the indicator corner frame with plates must be carried out in such a way that:

– the plates were perpendicular to the corresponding rods;

– the edges of the plate were parallel to the coordinate axes;

- the tips of the rods of the rods were in contact with the working planes of the plates in the entire temperature range of the steam pipeline;

– the distances from the edge of the plates to the points of contact of the rods with the plates were at least 50 mm in the working and cold states of the steam pipeline.

The corner frame oriented in this way is rigidly attached by electric welding to fixed structures.

With large values of the design displacements of steam pipelines approaching the measurement limit of the indicator, it is recommended to install the plates so that the line of intersection of their planes is parallel to the axis with the largest value of the design displacement.

1.6. Two rods are inserted into the holes of the bracket in mutually perpendicular directions and fixed with bolts. In this case, the position of the rod in the bracket is determined depending on the value and direction of the design displacement of the steam pipeline along the coordinate axis, parallel to which the rod is installed.

1.7. After installation, each indicator must be tested for operability:

- the rod should move smoothly in the rod body, without jamming and distortions;

- the working surfaces of the plates must be smooth, without deep scratches and scratches, which may prevent the movement of the tip of the rod;

- the distance from the end of the rod to the plate (and in Fig. 3) should not be less than the value of the design displacement of the steam pipeline, if the displacement of the steam pipeline during heating is directed towards the plate, and in the case when the displacement is directed away from the plate, this distance should not be less than 20-30 mm, but such that the contact of this rod with the plate is ensured in the working and cold states of the steam pipeline;

– the end edges of the plates, relative to which the coordinates of the points of contact of the tip of the rods with the plate (see clause 4.1) are measured, must be even and parallel to the coordinate axes.

Note. To avoid damage, do not use the indicator bracket and frame as supports for any kind of work.

1.8. An even layer of aluminum paint is applied to the working surface of the plates and, using stencils, the direction and designation of the axes of the accepted coordinate system, as well as the indicator number according to the axonometric diagram.

After installing and fixing the rods in the bracket, a pencil lead with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 20-30 mm is inserted into the head of the rod.

After adjusting the fastening system, eliminating all identified pinchings and evaluating the results of 3-4 measurements of the indicator readings on the plates, crosswise with paints of various colors, the points of contact of the tip of the rod in the cold and operating states of the steam pipelines are marked.
2. RECORDING OF MOVEMENT INDICATORS AND EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS

2.1. The indications of the indicators are determined by measuring the coordinates of the points of contact between the tip of the rod and the plates. Measurements are carried out with a measuring metal ruler (GOST 427-75) always from the same edge of the plate in the positive direction of the coordinate axis (Fig. 4).

Fig.4. Scheme for measuring the indications of the displacement indicator

Fig.4. Scheme for measuring the indications of the displacement indicator:
1 - the point of contact of the tip of the rod in the working condition of the steam pipeline; 2 – indicator number;
3 - the point of contact of the tip of the rod in the cold state of the steam pipeline

The movement in the direction of each coordinate axis is defined as the difference between the measured coordinates in the operating and cold states of the steam pipeline. The values of displacements along the axis, which is common to both indicator plates, are determined as the arithmetic mean of the displacements determined from the two plates.

2.2. During the first warm-ups of the steam pipeline, the indicator readings and their performance should be monitored, while making sure that:

- the direction of movement of the steam pipeline coincides with the design one;

– the end of the stem body does not rest against the plate;

- the tip of the rod does not go beyond the plane of the plates.

If the movements of steam pipelines do not coincide with the design values or inoperative indicators are detected, measures must be taken to identify and eliminate the causes that caused them.

2.3. During the first 3-4 start-ups of the power unit after installation with reaching the nominal parameters, the readings of the indicators are measured after each heating and cooling of the steam pipeline.

Before each measurement, you should perform an external inspection of the steam pipeline, its fastening system and make sure that there are no pinches and normal operation supports. The inspection is carried out by the person responsible for controlling the thermal movements of the steam pipelines.

The measurement results for each indicator are entered into the forms. The form and an example of filling out the form for measuring the thermal displacements of a steam pipeline are given in Appendix 2.

2.4. The results of measurements of actual thermal displacements of steam pipelines are compared with the design ones.

The displacements of the steam pipeline along each axis of the coordinate system (mm) should not differ from the corresponding design displacements by more than ±(25+0.3) in the horizontal and ±0.5(25+0.3) in the vertical directions (- design apparent displacement along the axis, mm).

2.5. If the discrepancy between the actual displacements and the design ones exceeds the limits specified in clause 4.4, for any indicator, you should make sure that there are no possible causes violations of the correctness of movements in accordance with paragraphs 1-9 of Appendix 3 in the working and cold states of the steam pipeline.

After examining the steam pipelines and eliminating the identified abnormalities, repeated measurements of displacements are made.

If there are no obvious reasons for displacement deviations or in case of unsatisfactory deviations of displacements based on the results of repeated measurements, after eliminating the identified abnormalities, the representativeness of the design calculations of Soyuztechenergo software is checked in accordance with paragraphs 10-11 of Appendix 3, if necessary, verification calculations and clarification of the design values of displacements .

If, after examination and elimination of the causes of deviations (according to paragraphs 1-11 of Appendix 3), the difference between the actual and adjusted values of the design displacements of steam pipelines exceeds the allowable one (see paragraph 4.4), temporarily, but for no more than 1 year, is allowed as control, with which the actual ones are compared, accept the displacement values determined in accordance with clause 5.7.

During this period, the general designer evaluates the stress state of the steam pipeline, taking into account actual movements. Subject to the strength conditions, further control over the movements of the steam pipeline is carried out by comparing the actual movements with the control ones, determined in accordance with clause 5.7.

In this case, the deviation of the actual movements from the control ones should not exceed

where is the control displacement along the corresponding axis, mm.

2.6. If the actual thermal displacements coincide satisfactorily with the design ones (see clause 4.4) or with the control ones (see clause 4.5), operational control over the position of the axis of the steam pipeline with the reading of indicators and recording the results in the forms must be carried out before heating the steam pipelines and at operating parameters with the following frequency:

– after a major overhaul of the main equipment (unit, turbine, boiler);

- after repair work related to cutting the steam pipeline, changes in the system of its fastening (repair or replacement of supports), or elimination of jamming of the steam pipeline;

- during the overhaul period - 1 time per year.

At the same time, the serviceability of the indicators is checked in accordance with clause 3.7.

2.7. Observation of movement indicators without recording in the forms must be carried out at each warm-up (from a cold state to nominal parameters) and after cooling (to a pipe metal temperature not exceeding 50 ° C) of steam pipelines, and on a continuously operating steam pipeline - at least once every 2 months At the same time, the serviceability of the indicators is checked in accordance with clause 3.7.

The criterion for the correctness of readings in the working or cold state of the steam pipeline is the coincidence of the tip of the rod with one of the corresponding fixed points on the plates. The discrepancy between the tip of the rod and the fixed point should not exceed

where is the design or control value of displacement along the axis, mm.

2.8. Control over the movements of steam pipelines in accordance with the requirements of clauses 4.6 (during the overhaul period) and 4.7 is allowed to be carried out using two or three indicators located on the same line and installed in places with maximum or close to maximum movements.

2.9. If deviations in the position of the axis of the steam pipeline are detected (non-compliance with the condition set out in clause 4.7), the steam pipeline should be inspected to identify the causes of deviations in accordance with the provisions of clauses 1-9 of Appendix 3.

The deadlines for eliminating the identified deficiencies are determined by Chief Engineer power plants, but they should not exceed the terms of the next equipment shutdown for repairs.

3. ORGANIZATION OF CONTROL OVER THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS OF STEAM PIPELINES WHERE THE CONTROL HAS NOT BEEN CARRIED OUT PREVIOUSLY

1.1. The organization of control over the thermal movements of steam pipelines in operation, for which the specified control for one reason or another was not previously carried out, should be preceded by the selection, analysis technical documentation steam pipelines and examination of their condition in accordance with the provisions of the “Guidelines for the adjustment of steam pipelines of thermal power plants in operation” (M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1981).

Axonometric diagrams (see Fig. 1) with the data necessary to control the thermal movements of the steam pipeline, and indicating the installation locations of the indicators, are carried out by the TPP personnel, taking into account the requirements of clause 3.2 and agreed with the design organization or a specialized commissioning organization.

1.2. If the actual route of the steam pipelines does not correspond to the project, verification calculations should be performed taking into account their actual performance. Calculations are performed by the design or other competent organization.

When calculating steam pipelines, the determination of movements at the installation sites of indicators should be provided.

1.3. Defects in steam pipelines and their fastening systems identified during the inspection must be eliminated, and possible recommendations of the design organization for reconstruction, issued on the basis of the results of verification calculations, must be implemented (for example, due to an increased level of stresses).

1.4. The design of the indicator used should provide the possibility of monitoring and recording the thermal movements of the steam pipeline during heating from its cold state to the working one.

1.5. The indicators are installed in the cooled state of the steam pipelines in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 3.4-3.8. In the places of installation of indicators, platforms for their maintenance should be provided.

1.6. Taking indicator readings and evaluating the results must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 4.1-4.5. The frequency of monitoring the thermal movements of steam pipelines is determined in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 4.6-4.7.

1.7. In the absence of design values of displacements in the places of installation of indicators for the control values of displacements, with which the actual displacements should be compared, for medium pressure steam pipelines it is constant, and for steam pipelines high pressure until the calculated data are obtained, the average values of the indicator readings are taken after 2-3 warm-ups and coolings of the steam pipelines, provided that there are no pinchings and the fastening system is working. The values of the control displacements must be agreed with the general designer or a specialized commissioning organization and approved by the chief engineer of the power plant.

Annex 3 (informative). POSSIBLE REASONS FOR THE DISCONDITION OF ACTUAL MOVEMENTS WITH DESIGN MOVEMENTS

Annex 3
Reference

Cause External signs, typical defects Detection method Elimination method
1. Pinching of the steam pipeline in the passages through the floors, walls, adjacent pipelines, building structures Lack of necessary clearances between the steam pipeline, moving parts of the supports
and neighboring equipment, building structures Inspection, if necessary, inspection with local opening of thermal insulation Increase in the diameter of holes in passages through ceilings, walls; transfer of metal structures;
in some cases - local thinning of the thermal insulation of the steam pipeline
2. Pinching of the moving parts of the sliding, guide supports Welding sagging, erroneous tacking by welding of the sliding surfaces of the supports; cushion slipping from the guide plate Inspection Restoration of the design structure, if necessary, reconstruction of the support
3. Incorrect adjustment of the spring supports Inconsistency of vertical movements with the design ones, overload of the support springs until the coils touch or their complete unloading in the operating or cold states of the steam pipeline Inspection, measurement of spring heights and comparison with the design ones Adjustment of the supports in accordance with the “Instruction
on installation and adjustment of spring fastenings of steam pipelines” for start-up facilities or with “ Guidelines for the adjustment of steam pipelines located
in operation”
4. Damage to supports Destruction of springs; breakage of rods, fastening elements to load-bearing building structures or bar clamps; destruction by welding fixed supports; damage or deformation of parts of the metal structure of supports Inspection, if necessary, inspection with local opening of thermal insulation Elimination of defects, replacement of destroyed parts
5. Increased friction in sliding or guide bearings Low quality processing of sliding surfaces of supports, hysteresis type of traces of movements on indicator plates Inspection Elimination of defects in supports, verification calculation taking into account friction forces, reconstruction of supports
6. Pinching of the support springs in the unit by the central link or the central link eye Loosening of the support rods in the operating or cold states of the steam pipeline, the absence of gaps between the threaded end of the central link and the crosshead of the spring block or sleeve or between the eye of the central link and the sleeve or crosshead of the support beam Inspection Cutting off the protruding above the fixing nuts of the central link part, reconstruction of the spring block
with replacement rods
7. Violation of the thermal regime of steam pipelines Displacement of the axis of the steam pipeline relative to its usual position, the appearance of a temperature difference between the upper and lower generatrices of the horizontal sections, the separation of the steam pipeline from the sliding supports Inspection, checking the temperature distribution over the pipe section of the deformed section installation of additional drainage points
8. Inconsistency of the temperature state of sections, branches of the steam pipeline with the calculated one. The largest deviations of actual movements from the design ones near the connection of branches to the main lines of steam pipelines, insufficient heating of dead-end zones. Determination of temperature and comparison with the temperature adopted in the design calculations. displacement values
9. Damage to the indicator Loose fastening of the rod in the bracket; deformation of corner frame plates or bracket Inspection Elimination of defects
10. Inconsistency of the initial data for the design calculation with the actual Inconsistency in the design scheme of the route, installation locations of valves, indicators, supports and the structure of the supports with the actual performance of the steam pipeline Comparison of the initial data taken in the design calculation with the actual ones taking into account the actual performance of the steam pipeline
Fig. 11. Insufficient angular rigidity of clamp fixed supports Large displacements in comparison with the calculated ones at the indicators adjacent to the fixed supports Analysis of displacements Evaluation of the influence of the mismatch of displacements on the stressed state of the steam pipeline, if necessary, correcting the calculated displacements

The LLC "TEKHENERGO" company will produce.

May holidays in a large metropolis with its bustle and inevitable traffic jams in the center, and even with demonstrations to boot - where to get away from all this "magnificence"? In outskirts of Moscow? To St. Petersburg? On the "Golden Ring"? Maybe to Astrakhan? The choice is wide. Cruises along the Volga from Moscow http://www.nissa-tour.ru/russia/cruise/volga.asp may indeed be a suitable option for both holidays and summer vacations. What can domestic rivermen offer to a Muscovite?

Choice of direction

For a resident of the capital, all directions can be divided into northern, eastern and southern:

northern - Uglich, St. Petersburg, Kizhi, Valaam, Solovki;
southern - to Astrakhan along the Volga and further along the Caspian Sea;
eastern - along the Volga and Kama to Nizhny Novgorod, Yelabuga, Kazan, Perm.

As can be seen from this list, the main river of European Russia cannot be avoided in any of the directions.

Three vacation options

There are several categories of river trips by duration:

Weekend cruises - 3-4 days, usually from Friday to Sunday evening. Convenient for those who want to spend holidays or weekends fun and informative.
Travel for 5-8 days. Suitable for those who have never swum before, but want to try, adding a few days off to the weekend. In addition, this interval fits perfectly into the "long" May holidays.
Long voyages - from 9 to 22 days. Suitable, first of all, for those who have already visited them more than once. The longest vacation - twenty-two days Astrakhan.

That is the choice for today. Unless, of course, you decide to estimate in advance and do not look after the option for next year.