Presentation on the topic "the concept of sustainable development". Presentation: The concept of sustainable development is a new socio-economic paradigm Presentation of the emergence of the concept of sustainable development in ecology

To begin

Today it became clear, as noted
HELL. Ursul that the model of education of the XXI century
must undergo cardinal transformations and be oriented at its core
not on the past (conservatism), but on the future
(futurism).
However, the future is fundamentally uncertain.
and alternatively.
How do you understand the last position?

Development of the concept in the future

And yet, in the futurological approach, one can significantly
reduce the uncertainty of the future, when from various
alternatives and search forecasts, it is possible to isolate the spectrum
the most desired and at the same time the most realistic
manageable trends.
This is what happened with the concept of sustainable development -
a new model of the desired general civilizational development. FROM
from this point of view, the model of the educational system of the XXI century as
predictive education should focus on
model of sustainable development of civilization. Leading
education is aimed at creating a desirable future, in
in which mankind will develop indefinitely in
co-evolution with a preserved biosphere. At the same time, the process
futurization of education and other areas of socio-natural
activities will lead to the formation of an information-ecological society.

In 1987, the UN International Commission on the Environment
environment and development (chairman - G. H. Brundtland) in its
report Our Common Future called for a "new era of
economic development that is safe for the environment
Wednesday." The Commission noted that "humanity is capable of
do
development
sustainable
–
provide
meeting the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their
needs".

UN stance on environmental issues

In this way,
need to move towards sustainable
forms
development,
which
require
reasonable
relationship with the environment. Perspective on this
the way is opened by the extensive program "Agenda for the 21st
century”, adopted at the UN Conference on environment and
development in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro and materials
International Summit "Rio+10" (Johannesburg, 2002).

In the documents of the Conference, the first two theses are formulated
in the following way:
“All states and all people will co-operate in
implementation of the critical task of eradicating poverty
how necessary requirement in order to reduce
inequality in living standards and better satisfaction
the demands of most people in the world."
“To achieve sustainable development and higher
quality of life for all people, States should
reduce and eliminate environmentally unacceptable
production and consumption and support the necessary
demographic policy.
Mankind can exist on the planet only in
rather narrow range of its parameters. Like any other species
a person has his own ecological niche - a system of relationships
with the environment, the laws of development of which a person
must be taken into account in their activities. Departure from these
laws can lead mankind to catastrophic
consequences.

survival strategy

Thus humanity
costs
today
before
important
strategizing problem
their survival on the planet. AT
connections
With
this
N.N.
Moiseev
defines sustainable development as
"implementation of the human strategy,
his path to the era of the noosphere, i.e. to
state of co-evolution of the Society
and Nature." At the same time, under
co-evolution (from the Latin "co" -
jointly)
should
understand
joint evolution of social and
natural systems united
close environmental ties
at
which
evolution
one
system depends on the evolution of another
and affect it at the same time.

Problem

1
2
Fighting
poverty
There are 157 billionaires in the world, almost 2
million millionaires and more than 1.1 billion people,
whose income is less than $1 per day. Ways
overcoming
poverty:
security
earnings;
self-sufficiency of poor countries and reduction
dependence on rich countries; increase in numbers
working-age population; sustainable development and
preservation natural resources; improvement
educational
systems;
planning
families;
financial aid.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Change
structures
consumption
Wasteful
image
life
rich
parts
humanity is one of the causes of environmental degradation and
depletion of natural resources. At the same time, the poor
cannot get the minimum necessary for life.
The alternative is to install
around the world such a rate of consumption, which the Earth
can withstand for a long time.
It is necessary to reduce energy and raw materials
costs, develop environmentally friendly technologies and
others

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
population and
stability
In 1993, the world population was over 5.5 billion.
people and, as scientists predict, by 2020 will reach
8 billion people. Global demographics
problems are conditionally presented in the diagram.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Protection and
improvement
people's health
Human health depends on the state of the environment.
Strategic goals in the field of health by the year 2000
year:
mobilize efforts to fight AIDS;
fight tuberculosis and other severe
diseases;
reduce child mortality;
create effective services condition monitoring
public health;
ensure the right of men and women to determine
the number of their children and the timing of their birth;
meet the needs of the population for drinking water,
healthy food;
protect the health of children;
protect the environment from harmful to health
emissions, waste.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
sustainable
settlements
(urbanization)
By the year 2000, half of the world's population will live in
cities. The urbanization of society is part of the process
economic development, 60% of
gross national product. Urban population growth
in developed and developing countries not the same (see
chart).
Protection
atmosphere
The main source of emissions in
production and consumption of energy.
atmosphere
–
this is

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Rational
usage
land
resources
Soil fertility is reduced due to water and
wind erosion, as well as chemical and physical
degradation. Causes of soil degradation include
overgrazing; impoverishment and
extinction
forest
arrays;
agricultural
activity; overexploitation of land, etc.
Fighting
destruction
forests
Forests play a critical role in soil conservation and
water, maintaining a healthy atmosphere and biological
diversity
vegetable
and
animal
peace.
Governments
should
develop
programs
national action for sustainable forestry
economy.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Fighting
desertification and
drought
Desertification is the process of land degradation,
caused by climate change and human activities.
Dry lands are especially susceptible to this process.
The most obvious consequences of desertification are
rangeland degradation and production decline
food. Drought and desertification are also
causes of poverty and hunger.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Protection and
rational
usage
oceans
About 70% of marine pollution is associated with
ground sources, including cities and towns,
industry, construction, Agriculture and
tourism. The oceans are under great environmental stress.
result of overfishing and shellfish fishing (up to 90
million tons
annually) and the deterioration of the state of the banks and
coral reefs.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Security and
rational
usage
fresh water
The problem of fresh water today has become one of the
the most important environmental issues. By the year 2000 there should be
the following tasks have been completed:
to provide all residents of cities at the rate of one
person at least 40 liters drinking water in a day;
establish and enforce standards for the disposal and
neutralization of municipal and industrial effluents;
provide residents of all rural areas with access to
environmentally safe water and etc.
Raise
security
use
toxic
chemical
substances
Chemicals are used all over the world.
There are about 10,000 commercial chemicals
although only 1,500 of them account for 95% of the world
production. At present, universal
agreement on trade in toxic and hazardous products.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Solid removal
waste and sewage
waters
The rapid increase in household waste and sewage
water in cities poses a threat to public health and
environment. Annually 5.2 million people, including 4
million
children,
are dying
from
diseases,
caused
unsustainable disposal of wastewater and solid waste. To
By 2025, the volume of waste may increase by 4–5 times.
Removal
radioactive
waste
The danger posed by radioactive
waste, requires a reduction in the volume of their production, safe
transportation and disposal. Annually during NPP operation
200 thousand m3 of waste with low and 10 thousand m3 of waste with
high radioactivity.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
The role of children and
youth in
providing
sustainable
development
Development programs should guarantee youth
a secure future, including a healthy one
environment, higher standard of living,
education and work. Young people make up almost 1/3
of the world's population, and in many developing countries
half of their population. The educational level should
increase so that by the year 2000 more than half
boys and girls in every country had the opportunity
get an average or professional education. AT
education of young people, classes should be held on
issues related to environmental issues and
development.

The main directions of the "Agenda for the XXI century" (according to M. Keating)

Problem
Brief description of the problem
1
2
Science and
education in
sustainable
development
Scientific research currently serves the purpose
the survival of mankind. In the 21st century, there may be
dangerous changes in the biosphere. Scientists explore
problems: climate change, growth in resource consumption,
demographic trends, environmental degradation, ways
use
energy
and
resources
space
studies of the biosphere, the impact of the environment on human health and
etc. The program should provide education and
development and conservation education
environment for people of all ages. ecological
education is a necessary condition for sustainable development
humanity.

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

In June 1997, the next Session was held in New York (USA).
UN General Assembly on the Environment and
development, dedicated to the discussion of the results of the 5-year period on
the establishment of sustainable development of mankind (after the Conference
1992 in Rio de Janeiro). Participated in the forum
representatives from over 60 countries of the world.

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

From August 26 to September 4, 2002 in Johannesburg (South Africa)
hosted the International Summit on the Environment
and sustainable development. Welcoming the participants of the summit
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said: "We live on
one planet, being connected by a thin and complex network
environmental,
social,
economic
and
cultural
relationships that shape our lives. achievement
sustainable
development
will require
manifestations
big
responsibility – for the ecosystems on which life depends
the whole planet, for the fate of each person as part of a single
human
communities
and
per
future
generations.
Johannesburg Summit 2002 gives
opportunity to resume the search for ways to build more
sustainable future."

"Prospects for the development of ecology" - Environmental aspects in priority areas modernization. Stimulating the timely implementation of environmental standards. Creation national system"green" economic indicators. Conclusions and offers. Regulation of the destruction of toxic waste. Stimulation of voluntary business commitments.

"Fundamentals of Ecology" - Carps were launched into the reservoir. Fundamentals of ecology. Scheme of the action of the environmental factor. Infusoria-shoes were placed in a closed test tube. Assignments to the topic "Dependence of organisms on environmental factors." A population is a collection of individuals of the same species. Basic concepts. Tasks for self-control. Organisms. Components of the biocenosis.

"History of ecology" - Human ecology. Ecology is a new field of science. Conservation and environmental movements. Supraorganismal systems and the search for an object of ecology. Biosphere. The first ecologists Wallace and Moebius. History of ecology. Ecology and global politics. Theophrastus. Botanical geography and Alexander von Humboldt.

"The subject of ecology" - Environmental factors. The concept and subject of ecology. History of development of ecology. Reasons for the formation of ozone holes. Sanitary and biological indicators. Population regulation. The structure of the atmosphere. Factor action. Levels of organization of matter. Tolerance. stage of industrial civilization. Ecosystem productivity.

"Fundamentals of General Ecology" - Properties of ecosystems. biological optimum. Fire, erosion, drought. Ecology is a complex science that studies the laws of existence. environmental factors. Humidity. Temperature. Light. Biogeocenosis \u003d Biocenosis + Biotope. The main functions of biogeocenosis. Topics of reports. biotic factors. Dependence of the result of the ecofactor on its intensity.

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Ermakova Tatiana and Zhukova Tatiana

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THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: History and essence THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: History and essence The work was completed by: Ermakova Tatiana and Zhukova Tatiana 396 groups.

In the 80s. mankind has agreed on measures to prevent pollution: the concept of “wasteless production” has emerged, one of the practical steps taken by society to reduce pollution has been the signing of a number of agreements (Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, Helsinki, 1985, Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Transportation of especially hazardous wastes and their disposal, 1987, etc.).

In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development, set up three years earlier at the initiative of the UN General Assembly and chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland, made sustainable development the theme of its report entitled "Our Future".

The activities of the International Commission on Environment and Development were based on a new triune concept of sustainable (environmental-socio-economic) development

90s contributed to the understanding of mankind of the need to manage the state of the environment. The need to find new ways and approaches to minimize the anthropogenic impact is becoming increasingly obvious. The main of these ways to reduce the technogenic impact in developed countries the world was the development of environmentally efficient business and environmental management.

Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Sustainable development includes two key concepts The concept of needs, including priority needs (necessary for the existence of the poorest segments of the population) The concept of restrictions imposed on the ability of the environment to meet the present and future needs of mankind.

The concept of sustainable development is based on five main principles. 1.Humanity is truly capable of making development sustainable and long-term 2.The existing limitations in the field of exploitation of natural resources are relative 3.It is necessary to meet the basic needs of all people and provide everyone with the opportunity to realize their hopes for a more prosperous life

4. Align the lifestyles of those who have more money with the ecological opportunities of the planet 5. The size and rate of population growth must be consistent with the changing productive potential of the Earth's global ecosystem The concept of sustainable development is based on five basic principles

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY? Environmentally sustainable development - development in which the well-being of people is ensured by preserving the sources of raw materials and the environment

The strategy of sustainable ecological and economic development involves the rejection of extensive economic growth, based on the idea of ​​the inexhaustibility of natural resources and the unlimited possibilities of the natural environment for self-healing according to the principle of "maximum effect at minimum cost".

Economical, economic use of natural resources includes: all-round rationalization of production; its complexity; waste minimization; elimination of losses; widespread use of secondary raw materials;

Solving environmental problems The main way to solve environmental problems in industrialized countries has been the development of environmental management The environmental management system is part of common system management, including organizational structure, planning, distribution of responsibility, practical activities, procedures, processes and resources necessary for the development, implementation, achievement of environmental policy goals

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING The main reasons for compiling environmental reports are: pressure from consumers and the public; requirements of shareholders, investment funds, leading corporations; new industry standards; demonstration of the company's actions in fulfilling its obligations; focusing environmental protection activities within the company.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

emergence concepts "sustainable development"

The solution of the environmental problems of mankind today is associated with the concept of "Sustainable Development".

Background of the concept of sustainable development

Socio-economic background:

1. The dominance of the "philosophy of consumption"

For many centuries, humanity has adhered to the "resource" path of development, the following principles have prevailed:

"man is the king of nature";

"consumption for prosperity"

The dominance of resource-destroying technologies was determined by:

- priority of economic benefit;

- the illusion of inexhaustible resources

A situation has arisen where resource prices do not reflect their true value.

The result of this way of managing was the depletion of the resource potential and the degradation of the natural environment.

3. The problem of "North - South"

Two groups of states with different levels of development have formed in the world. This gave rise to conflicts between them.

The response to humanity to the principles and nature of relationships in the socio-economic sphere and the "Nature - Humanity" system was the emergence of environmental prerequisites

Environmental prerequisites:

1.Global environmental problems

2. Crises

3. Disasters

Attempts to change the situation

1. UN Conference in Stockholm (1972)

Conclusion of the conference:

In the world, there are contradictions in the views on the development process among industrialized and developing states.

industrialized - wanted greening, carrying out work to cleanse the planet

Developing - wanted economic development, overcoming poverty

2. 1983 - The International Commission on Environment and Development (ICED) was established.

Commission withdrawal

The need to unite the directions of development of both groups of states

Greening and overcoming backwardness is a possible way out of the crisis.

The report "Our Common Future" defines this exit as "sustainable development" (SD)

3. 1992 - United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

in Rio de Janeiro

4. 2002 - Declaration of the World Summit on Sustainable Development

Mankind has not yet come to the development of a unified science-based development strategy

The provisions of the Concept of Sustainable Development are more of a political and advisory nature.

Leading scientists from various fields of knowledge have yet to explore the concept of "sustainable development", fill it with concrete content

Possible ways of civilization development

Ways of development

biocentrism

The basic principle

Sustainable development

Man for the biosphere

Dominant philosophy

anthropocentrism

Humanity + biosphere = harmonization of relations

Ways to achieve development goals

The biosphere is a single self-organizing system. Humanity is part of the biosphere

Biosphere for man

The development of mankind in accordance with the laws of the development of the biosphere

"Back to nature". Providing the biosphere with the opportunity to restore its functions by refusing the benefits of civilization

Conscious restrictions on the consumption of biosphere resources. Satisfaction of needs, taking into account the possibilities of the biosphere

The biosphere is a source of resources to meet the growing needs of mankind

Ensuring the "prosperity" of mankind through technological and technical progress