The wonderful world of stars. Research work. Presentation on the theme of the world of stars

Let's repeat the material of the last lesson ...

Guess the crossword

Horizontally

1. An astronomer who discovered a comet that visits the Earth's neighborhood every 76 years.

2. A small celestial body that revolves around the Sun, usually in elongated orbits. When approaching the Sun, a comet has a tail of gas and dust.

3. A cosmic body that fell to Earth.

Part of a comet stretching for millions of kilometers.

5. The main part of the comet.

Vertically:

A small planet-like celestial body in the solar system that orbits around the sun. Also known as minor planets.
A phenomenon that occurs during the combustion of fragments of comets or asteroids in the Earth's atmosphere.

Peas Sparkling dust from sugar crumbs are scattered across the dark sky, And only when the morning comes, All the caramel will suddenly melt.

Stars are hot balls of gas located very far from our planet. Therefore, they seem to us in the black night sky only flickering dots.

With the naked eye, people can see about 6,000 stars.

With a telescope and binoculars you can see much more.

Scientists know many, many billions of stars.

Hubble telescope

The sun is the center of our solar system.

Looks almost like the moon in the sky

In fact, the diameter of the Sun is 400 times the diameter of the Moon.

and 109 times the diameter of the Earth. The mass of the Sun is 750 times greater than all the planets moving around it combined.

Structure of the Sun

The core is the central part of the Sun with a radius of approximately 150,000 kilometers

The photosphere (a layer emitting light) reaches a thickness of ~320 km and forms the visible surface of the Sun.

The corona is the last outer shell of the Sun.

Prominence - a giant fountain of hot gas that rises above the surface of the Sun

The sun, like the earth, rotates on its axis from west to east

Like all stars, the Sun is a giant flaming ball. The temperature inside it reaches 15 million degrees Celsius. It emits a huge amount of heat and light.

Only one two billionth of this radiation hits the Earth. The rest is dissipated in space. But even this is enough for the Earth to prosper.

People have been watching the Sun for a very long time, worshiping it, deifying it.

The world in the view of the ancient Egyptians: below - the Earth, above it - the goddess of the sky; left and right - the ship of the sun god, showing the path of the sun across the sky from sunrise to sunset.

In Egyptian mythology, the sun god Ra, embodied in the form of a falcon, or a man with a falcon head crowned with a solar disk.

In Old Slavonic mythology, the god Yarilo was considered the god of the Sun .. Yarilo appeared at the right time of the year, spreading the spring solar heat.

The well-known Maslenitsa holiday is also associated with the Sun, because the pancake just symbolizes it.

Children love to draw the sun

Distance from the Sun to other stars.

The Sun is located at a distance of 150 million km from the Earth, and trillions of km from our planet to other stars. Trillion is a number with 12 zeros (1,000,000,000,000 thousand billion or one million million)

A light year is a unit of length equal to the distance traveled by light in a year. Is ~ 9 460 000 000 000 km

The world of stars is extraordinarily diverse. They differ in size, color, brightness, temperature, etc.

There are supergiants, giants, dwarfs and ordinary stars, which are the majority. Measurements have shown that the size of white dwarfs is several thousand kilometers, and the size of red giants is comparable to the size of the solar system.

The stars are different colors!

Their color changes from red to blue. The color of a star indicates the temperature of its surface (the range is from 3,000 to 40,000 degrees on the Kelvin scale (1 ° C = K - 273.15). And the stars are not like people. People usually blush when they are hot, and they turn blue when it's cold, but the opposite is true for stars: the hotter the star, the bluer it is, and the colder it is, the redder it is!

The coldest stars are red in color. The hottest ones shine blue.

The largest stars, hundreds of times larger than the Sun

supergiant

Stars ten times larger than the Sun.

The sun and the like, as well as smaller stars.

A planet is much smaller than a star. It does not emit light, but on the contrary, it is warmed by the light of stars.

Distinguished by color:

white, blue, yellow and red stars

The Sun is in the middle of this scale, and since its surface temperature is about 6000 degrees Kelvin, the Sun is considered a yellow dwarf.

The radius of the star Betelgeuse exceeds the radius of the Sun by 400 times. Inside this supergiant, more than a million stars like the Sun could fit.

White dwarfs are very interesting - stars the size of our planet. One teaspoon of their substance would weigh several tons on Earth.

The brightest stars emit 100,000 times more heat and light than the sun. There are also stars that shine a million times weaker than the Sun.

People have been observing the starry sky since ancient times. It helped to predict the onset of the seasons of the year, navigate long-distance travels, and keep track of time.

To determine the sides of the horizon by the North Star, it is necessary to find the constellation Ursa Major in the firmament. Then, mentally continue the line segment between the two extreme stars of the "ladle" towards its expanded part and set it aside five times.

The resulting point will indicate the position of the North Star, which is part of the constellation Ursa Minor and is always in the north direction if you stand facing it.

People have long observed that the stars form some kind of groups, clusters, figures. Such accumulations of bright stars called CONSTELLATIONS. Currently, scientists consider certain areas to be constellations. starry sky.

The whole sky is divided into 88 constellations

The names of so many constellations came to us from ancient Greece, they are associated with the characters of various

myths and legends.

Test your knowledge

1. What are stars?

2. What is the closest star to Earth?

3. How are stars distinguished by size and color?

4. What is a constellation?

Textbook pp. 48-50. Slave. notebook p. 23 (27). Complete the test.

Thank you for your attention.

Relevance: The starry sky is mesmerizing! Large and small stars, collected in constellations, like rhinestones strew the blue-black sky. You can see the Milky Way, a light haze in the black void of space. And we will certainly see at least one shooting star... The starry night is addictive and attracts attention, you can sit for hours on the street, just enjoying the starry sky. Many people would be interested to know how certain constellations appeared in the sky, what they mean and why such a name, so the topic of our work is relevant.

Ancient constellations: Constellations are a reminder of the ancient culture of man, his mythology, his first interest in the stars. Some constellations were identified back in the Bronze Age, at a time when our ancestors had just begun to learn about the world around us, to observe the movement of the Sun and Moon.

Ursa Major and Ursa Minor: A large northern constellation, whose seven bright stars form the famous Bucket. Large bucket; the middle star of the bucket handle is called Mizar, next to it is the faint star Alcor. The constellation is also known as the Little Dipper, called Ursa Minor.

Orion - a holiday of color The name of Orion - a hunter from Greek myth is the most prominent constellation of the winter sky. You can easily find it by the "belt" of three stars. The belt divides the constellation into two parts. Above, on the shoulders of the Orion, the stars Betelgeuse and Bellatrix shine. In the lower part - one of the brightest stars in the sky - Rigel.

Conclusion: The history of the names of the constellations is very interesting. A very long time ago, sky observers combined the brightest and most noticeable groups of stars into constellations and gave them various names. If you look at the old atlases of the starry sky, then the constellations are depicted on them in the form of animals. Dali short description the most famous new constellations and learned how the zodiac constellations appeared in the sky. In this work, we talked about the mythology of some constellations.

Glowing giant hot gas balls.

Sun Since ancient times, people distinguished the Sun among other celestial bodies. According to the Sun, travelers found their way among the vast expanses of the ocean. In ancient Greece, the sun was worshiped as a deity, calling it Helios. The Egyptians called the sun god Ra, our ancestors - Yarilo. Sun

The sun is the closest star to us.
The sun is the center of our solar system.
The sun is at a distance of 150 million km from the Earth
The sun is the greatest source of heat.

The mass of the Sun is 750 times greater

masses of all solar bodies

Density of gas at the center of the sun

The corona is clearly visible during a total solar eclipse.

Telescope "Hubble"

Stars Stars are huge, flaming hot balls of gas of great mass. There are a lot of stars in the sky. They are located very far from our planet, so we see them as twinkling dots. With the naked eye, people can see about 6 thousand stars. Stars The world of stars is very diverse. The stars are different

by size
by color

White, blue, yellow, red stars are distinguished by color.

The sun is considered a yellow dwarf.

A light year is the distance that light travels in a year.

The speed of light is 300,000 km/s.

1 light year is 100 trillion km.

With the naked eye, you can see a star at a distance of 8,000,000 light years.

Aldebaran

white dwarf

These are stars of small diameter and high density, representing the final stage of the evolution of a star.

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

The whole sky is divided into 88 constellations

Big Dipper

A powerful and evil sorceress turned into the Big Dipper beautiful girl named Calisto, and the wicked one turned her maid into Ursa Minor. Since then, the maid accompanies her mistress all the time. Therefore, in the sky, Ursa Minor is always next to Ursa Major.

constellations

The most inconspicuous constellation of the zodiac

see only in

clear night.

constellation was

more known

5 thousand years ago.

The brightest star

Regulus (king).

The constellation is named -

in honor of the sons of Zeus

Castor and Pollux.