How to open your own construction business. Construction company from scratch: detailed business plan

Construction is one of the most promising and highly profitable types of business. Construction services are in demand in any crisis, at any time and anywhere in our country. We will tell you how to open a construction company from scratch, how to choose the right type of activity and how to organize everything correctly.

Introduction

Enter Building bussiness not easy, but still even for beginners there are many ways to do it with minimal investment. The main thing is to create quality business plan. You should also immediately think through a real development strategy, taking into account the fact that you will probably have to take out loans.

The construction business is quite profitable and promising

There is quite a lot of competition in this market. Every year, dozens of construction companies open, fighting for their place in the sun, driving down prices and providing a wide range of services. But upon closer examination, it turns out that there are very few truly high-quality construction companies - many are chasing profits, saving on materials, personnel, projects, etc., which immediately leads to a deterioration in the quality of work.

In order to get started, you need to provide your clients with the maximum possible number of services, ideally, do everything on a turnkey basis. They don’t have to look for third-party contractors or hire crews—you provide everything. A quality company offers the following services:

Delivery of all building materials and unloading at the site.
Services for creating a project, design project, development of a unique design.
High quality and professional specialists, capable of performing any construction services.
Ability to assist the customer with the preparation of documents and permits.

Usually construction companies have their own work profile:

Private construction.
Industrial engineering.
Road construction.

Note: The easiest way to start is with private construction. You will dial required experience, you will develop the necessary connections, get a reputation and start-up capital to move to the next level.

How to start

Let's look at where to start a construction business and what prospects you will have. If you don’t have serious money to purchase construction equipment, etc., then the most logical thing to start with is creating a qualified repair and construction team. Start making repairs, laying out fences, building sheds and bathhouses. You will earn yourself a name and capital.

Construction business requires good investments, but quickly pays off

Be sure to register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, enter into official contracts with clients, pay taxes - this is the only way you will avoid serious problems, constant fines and “discounts” from unscrupulous clients. Of course, everything needs to be done efficiently, so be sure to choose a qualified team that will be focused on results. Create your own portal on the Internet, register on various construction sites and offer your services. Positive reviews from users will be a great push forward for you - quality teams are worth their weight in gold, and their work is scheduled for six months in advance. You will be able to develop quickly, capturing more and more new niches, taking on more responsible and serious projects.

At first glance, it may seem like an overwhelming task to create a business without a predominantly large budget. Many are afraid of risk and give up as soon as they begin to think: where to start, how to properly build a business, what kind of premises are needed, how to promote trade, and so on, so on, so on.

How to open a construction company from scratch, the step-by-step instructions of which do not guarantee 100% success?

But there is no need to focus on victorious success from the start; most businessmen experienced difficulties, however, they achieved what they wanted thanks to a clear business plan detailed in detail. The growth of registered construction companies has increased, all because they began to build new buildings, patch roads, etc. quite quickly. But don’t really hope that you will immediately have a demand for the company’s services. For this, firstly, you need necessary equipment and a large warehouse of goods, and secondly, you need at least some experience and connections.

In order to figure out what it takes to open a construction company, stick to the following plan:

Compose detailed business plan;
Design Required documents for business registration;
Purchase of machinery and equipment;
Hiring employees;
Increasing your customer base by searching by electronic directory or in another way.

Documents for registering a construction company

If you decide to patent yourself as an individual entrepreneur, you will need to have the following documents on hand:

Extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs;
Get registration number in OGRNIP;
Document on registration with the tax authorities;
Certificate of issue of codes from Rosstat;
Registration in pension fund.

When registering yourself as an LLC, you receive the following documents:

LLC registration certificate;
Certificate of registration in TFOMS;
Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;
Certificate in form 1-3 Accounting;
A document confirming registration with the pension fund;
LLC Charter;
Document from the issuance of codes from Rosstat.

Choosing your direction

Along with numerous construction works, the new company must decide in which direction to open its business. These can be three areas of activity:

Road construction (road repair and construction, highways);
Civil engineering (residential real estate);
Industrial construction (buildings for industrial purposes).

If you are planning to engage in the road construction industry, then keep in mind that at the start of your business, these works will require a large amount of capital investment in their implementation, and it would also be a good idea to have established connections in certain authorities. Although this industry pays the most, it has long been supervised by government services, which means that competitors will have great authority among customers.

Your company will only benefit from a number of additional services. Do an analysis of competitors and make your own proposals, distinguishable from everyone else. This can be any additional service. For example, only your company, after construction work, removes garbage for free. A good idea would be to purchase an exceptional, rare product that is difficult to find on the market.

Where to open: Countryside or city center

There is no clear answer to this question. Everything again depends on the financial base. If you want to open a company in a large metropolis, you will most likely have to face competitors, and besides, you will need an impressive amount. But income in the city center is also greater than outside the city zone. But remote areas or small towns, although they do not promise large, highly paid orders, provide a high percentage of the entrepreneur’s stability.

A construction company, like many companies in any other industry, has seasonal sales throughout the year.

For example, in winter, when weather conditions suspend the construction of houses and external finishing work. But it is worth remembering that “you always want to eat” and employees must be paid. Therefore, you need to seriously think about where to find customers for your product:

A modern and effective way to find clients is a press monitoring tool, i.e. searching for information related to this topic. This is done by specially trained managers who actively make unscheduled calls for the client in order to purchase goods or services. And also send out mailings emails with suggestions and recommendations.
Leaflets and the word “promotion” on the store window are also of great importance; they may not attract large customers, but they will force local residents to pay attention.
When talking about advertising, you need to understand that it requires a large budget, and whether it will be successful is not guaranteed, since the company is new and has not yet patented itself as experienced and reliable. Therefore, participation in any tenders or having a page in in social networks will be sufficient.

Promote your company and your brand, inform everyone possible and impossible about your opening and your capabilities. Speak loudly, but don't be intrusive. Learn to correctly present and convince clients that it is profitable to buy from you.

New equipment

If you do not have the financial resources for machinery and equipment, then there are two options to solve this problem. There are a lot of advertisements on the Internet where they offer to rent equipment, which at first makes it possible to save on its purchase. You can also use the purchase of used equipment, for example, the most necessary ones.

Joining a self-regulatory organization

Perhaps by joining a self-regulatory organization of builders you will have more success, because this gives you the right to:

Have an unlicensed trade;
All quality certificates in accordance with all standards;
An entrepreneur can use (if it is an emergency) the compensation fund.
But on the other hand, and in particular small firms, can have an already good stable income, and the cost of joining an SRO may be prohibitive for the opening company.

Which areas in construction may not be included in the SRO:

Installation of structures (window openings and doors);
Repair and finishing works.

When the business begins to develop successfully, you can add services, thereby expanding your income.

This could include training courses to become a builder, or renting out your equipment.

A true newcomer to a construction company will have a tough time, he will need to have a persistent and disruptive character, thanks to which he will be able to achieve large potential orders. But first of all, the main thing in the construction market is to earn the trust of clients and create a reputation as a reliable and promising company.

The construction process in any locality doesn't stop for a minute. Some companies build multi-storey buildings and cottages, others construct shopping centers and factory workshops, while others are engaged in the renovation and finishing of apartments. Therefore, many entrepreneurs think about the possible prospects for such activities and the income that accompanies them.

But where should a beginner start a construction business? To answer this question, you need to consider all stages of creating an enterprise, including a preliminary assessment of demand and competitor activity, searching for a free niche, recruiting personnel and purchasing equipment. But the most important thing is to understand the structure of the industry, the ways construction companies interact, the principles of division of labor and responsibility, as well as the mechanisms of legislative regulation. Without this knowledge, a novice entrepreneur risks repeating the mistakes of his predecessors and even losing money invested in the business.

Types and features of business

Quantity possible directions businesses in the construction industry number in the dozens; even a novice entrepreneur will be able to find a suitable option among this variety, based on personal preferences. The scale of ongoing projects in in this case determined by the volume of capital investments in the enterprise:

A large business with an investment of 100 million rubles or more involves the construction of residential areas and multi-storey buildings, industrial enterprises, educational and medical institutions, train stations and airports, highways and railways, bridges and other similar objects;
Medium business with investments from 20 million rubles includes the construction of private houses, cottage villages, repairs of multi-storey buildings and road surfaces, production and wholesale supplies of building materials;
Small business with investments from 500 thousand rubles - this is mainly the repair and decoration of apartments, the construction of country houses and outbuildings, the production of building materials on a “garage” scale, as well as work as a subcontractor in a narrow specialization (for example, roofing work, installation of utility networks, installation of windows and doors, insulation of buildings).

Industry structure

The construction of any facility includes design, registration of permits, drawing up estimates, hiring specialists to perform various types of work, purchasing building materials and equipment. Very few companies are able to cover all these areas at the same time. Therefore, when considering the features of the construction business, we can note the presence of a certain specialization in this industry:

Architectural design bureaus are exclusively engaged in the development and execution of project documentation. Such activities require not only experience, education and special knowledge, but also obtaining numerous permits and approvals. Therefore, this type of business is not available to novice entrepreneurs;
General contractors assume the bulk of responsibility for the project, as they determine its cost, completion date, assess possible risks and select subcontractors. Running a construction business of such a scale requires having your own fleet of various special equipment, material and technical base and a staff of experienced specialists;
Subcontractors specialize in performing a narrow range of certain works and work under a contract with a general contractor. When it comes to the question of how to develop a construction business from scratch, aspiring entrepreneurs should pay attention to this particular area of activity: to create such an enterprise, it is enough to form a small team and purchase equipment;
Suppliers undertake obligations to provide construction with materials of the required range and quality in the required volumes.

Choosing a direction

An entrepreneur creating a new construction business must first determine priority areas activities of the enterprise. Of course, it is somewhat more difficult for companies with a narrow specialization to find customers, but attempts to excessively expand the range of services without proper experience will lead to unjustified expenditure of funds and resources. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to focus efforts on one of the main types of construction business, including:

Civil Engineering. The direction includes the construction of multi-apartment and private residential buildings, cottages, administrative buildings, hotels, garages, train stations, shopping and entertainment complexes;
Industrial engineering. This area includes the construction of industrial buildings, workshops, warehouses, and factory buildings;
Agricultural construction. This type of activity involves the construction and equipping of poultry farms, livestock and greenhouse complexes, vegetable stores, elevators;
Road construction. This business includes the construction and reconstruction of transport infrastructure facilities - automobile and railways, bridges, tunnels, subway lines.

How to start a construction business from scratch if the dimensions starting capital limited? In this case, the most accessible direction may be to carry out repairs and finishing works in apartments and commercial premises- an enterprise with such specialization does not need heavy construction equipment, a separate office, or a large staff. Business ideas in the construction industry with minimal investment include:

Construction of private houses and prefabricated buildings;
Construction of garages, bathhouses, gazebos and other outbuildings;
Redevelopment, repair and finishing of apartments or private houses;
Facade works, building insulation;
Electric installation work;
Installation of ventilation, heating and water supply systems;
Installation of suspended ceilings;
Painting work, applying decorative plaster;
Laying all types of floor coverings;
Laying ceramic and granite tiles;
Installation of plasterboard structures.

Advantages and disadvantages

The construction business in Russia is complex and multifaceted. Each direction has its own characteristics, without studying which it is almost impossible to create successful enterprise- for example, the construction of cottages becomes popular during periods economic growth, and budget renovation of apartments is relevant during a crisis. However, the overall prospects for the construction business in 2018 can be assessed based on positive and negative factors that have a direct impact on the industry as a whole. Benefits include:

High level of income - even with a profitability of 15–20%, the profit of a construction company amounts to hundreds of thousands of rubles;
Ability to work with both private and corporate customers;
Constant demand for services - apartments, houses, commercial and industrial buildings need regular repairs, and developers continue to commission new microdistricts;
Possibility of generating income not only from the construction of facilities, but also from their design;
Regularly attracting companies that have proven themselves with the best side, to work on projects on a city or regional scale;
Possibility of implementation large quantity construction business ideas from scratch - among the many areas of activity, any entrepreneur will find something suitable for himself.

Of course, the construction business in 2018 is also characterized by certain disadvantages, which sometimes significantly limit the freedom of action of the company owner:

The need to join an SRO to perform many types of work;
The need for heavy construction equipment, the purchase or rental of which is accompanied by significant costs;
Difficulty in finding qualified and decent personnel;
The presence of a certain seasonality of demand - the main construction work is carried out in the warm season;
Difficulty attracting borrowed money- banks and investors carefully evaluate the prospects of the construction business and are reluctant to lend to start-up entrepreneurs who have not yet earned a positive reputation.

Registration and registration

In the construction business, the path from scratch begins with the registration of an enterprise and the preparation of various permits. This process includes:

Actually, registration of SPD - an individual or legal entity;
Obtaining a building permit from the local administration. A permit is not required for the construction of structures not related to capital facilities- utility and auxiliary buildings, garages, country houses, kiosks, bathhouses;
If necessary, join one or more self-regulatory organizations(each of them specializes in a certain type of activity).

Enterprise registration

The process of registering a new enterprise is standard: before opening a construction business from scratch, you need to choose an organizational and legal form, types of activities according to OKVED, and a taxation system. Highly specialized companies and entrepreneurs engaged in repair and finishing work may give preference to individual entrepreneurs using a simplified taxation system at a rate of 6% or 15%. Expenses accompanying the registration of an individual entrepreneur - payment of a state fee in the amount of 800 rubles.

For larger-scale activities, an LLC is suitable: of course, such legal form legislation imposes increased requirements when preparing documentation and submitting reports, however, such inconveniences are compensated by a simplified procedure for obtaining various permits and licenses, the high status of the enterprise, as well as the possibility of attracting investors as co-owners of the business. The costs accompanying the registration of an LLC are the payment of a state fee of 4,000 rubles and the formation authorized capital(10 thousand rubles).

The need to join an SRO

To date, work related to design and construction is not an activity subject to mandatory licensing. However, an entrepreneur learning how to open a construction business may want to pay attention to the existence of a system of permits for carrying out responsible or hazardous work issued by self-regulatory organizations.

SRO is a community of experts in the field of construction, working specialists and owners of operating enterprises, professional training which allows them to determine which of the newcomers has sufficient qualifications for such activities. To obtain admission, you need to find a suitable SRO, contact its representative and give him:

Application for joining the organization in the prescribed form;
The main documentation of the enterprise - certificates of registration and registration with the Federal Tax Service, the charter of the LLC and a copy of the minutes of the meeting on the appointment of a director;
Copies of diplomas of specialized education for management personnel;
Copies work records to confirm the length of service of employees.

Joining an SRO is a rather expensive procedure for an entrepreneur starting a construction business from scratch.

Costs associated with obtaining membership include:

Entry fee (50 thousand rubles);
Contribution to the insurance compensation fund (300 thousand rubles);
Monthly fees (5 thousand rubles);
Training of at least three specialists (21 thousand rubles);
Annual premium under a liability insurance contract (5 thousand rubles).

It should be noted that not all construction work requires obtaining SRO approval. For example, the official list does not include:

Renovation of apartments not related to changes in the load-bearing structures of the building;
Design, construction and repair of structures that do not require a building permit;
Construction of individual housing up to three floors high;
Construction of townhouses up to three floors high, including up to ten blocks.

Office premises

To open a construction company from scratch, a business plan does not have to be developed taking into account the need to rent an office: in many cases this is not required, since all negotiations and work are carried out on the customer’s premises. If the scale of the enterprise requires its own premises, then a suitable option can be found on the outskirts of the city or in an industrial zone.

To accommodate administrative personnel (director, accountant, estimator), an area of 20–25 m² is sufficient, but another 150–180 thousand rubles will have to be invested in the purchase of office equipment:

Computers and printers;
Telephones and fax;
Work tables and chairs;
Chairs for visitors;
Cabinets and racks for documentation.

The requirements for warehouse space will be determined by the size of the enterprise’s material and technical base: if a regular garage is suitable for storing hand-held power tools, then for heavy equipment and building materials you will have to rent hangars or specially equipped areas.

Equipment

Due to the high cost of special equipment, few large companies can afford to maintain a full fleet of machines. Therefore, the practice of renting bulldozers, excavators and cranes has become widespread in the construction industry. When considering how to develop a construction business, you can envisage their gradual acquisition in the future: in order to recoup such investments, the equipment will have to be used daily. The minimum list of heavy equipment includes:

Dump truck on KamAZ chassis (from 1.83 million rubles);
Truck crane Ivanovets (from 4.17 million rubles);
Komatsu crawler excavator (from 2.2 million rubles);
Hyundai wheeled excavator (from 4.4 million rubles);
Bulldozer Shehwa (from 4.64 million rubles);
Mobile trailer for workers (from 150 thousand rubles).

However, you can start a construction business with small investments- it is enough to have at your disposal:

Measuring instruments - tape measures, levels, rulers, rangefinders, plumb lines, levels and squares of different sizes;
Power tools - saws, grinders, wall chasers, hammer drills and drills, welders, vacuum cleaners, blow milks, compressors, construction hair dryers, lifting equipment, concrete mixers and plastering stations;
Hand tools - hammers, crowbars, hacksaws, caulk guns, shovels, buckets, stretchers and wheelbarrows, wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers, pliers, trowels, rollers and brushes;
Protective equipment - goggles, respirators, overalls and shoes, gloves and helmets;
Scaffolding, stairs, stepladders;
Lighting devices - lamps and spotlights.

Equipping the brigade will cost 450–500 thousand rubles. In addition, for transporting workers, equipment and building materials, it is advisable to have your own vehicle- minibus or small truck.

Personnel composition

In the construction business of 2018, many types of work that do not correspond to the profile of the enterprise are subcontracted. For example, when constructing a private house, drilling a well or connecting the building to utility networks is easier and more profitable to entrust to a third-party contractor. Thus, it is enough for a small construction company to have on its staff:

Bricklayer;
Plumbing and heating systems specialist;
Electrics with tolerance up to 1000 V;
Finishing specialist;
Tiler;
One or more auxiliary workers.

Both piecework and fixed wage systems are used for working personnel. Staffing table the enterprise in the second case may look like this:

Staffing table

Financial investments and profitability

The amount of initial investment in the construction business is to a certain extent determined by the list of necessary equipment, which, in turn, depends on the chosen field of activity. The minimum level of investment is about half a million rubles: with such capital you can engage in repair and finishing work or low-rise construction. It is impossible to determine the maximum limit: for example, the value of the assets of the PIK company (the largest Russian developer) is 117 billion rubles. Costs of starting a small business may include:

Initial Investment

The main part of the company's current expenses is remuneration of employees. Therefore, at the initial stage, only the most necessary specialists should be hired, and in last resort- personnel not directly associated with the production process.

Operating expenses of the enterprise

To determine the approximate amount of income, you should take into account the average market value construction work. For example, a company specializing in apartment renovation may set the following rates:

Cosmetic repairs - from 1500 rub./m²;
Economy class repairs - from RUB 2,800/m²;
Luxury renovation - from RUB 4,000/m²;
European-quality renovation - from 7500 rub./m².

To net profit entrepreneur amounted to 100 thousand rubles, it is necessary to repair at least 130 m² of residential premises within a month, which is equivalent to two or three medium-sized apartments: with parallel work on several objects, this is quite possible.

Search for customers

When studying how to create a construction business from scratch, where to start preparing for the launch of an enterprise, you should understand that the main factor determining the success of a company is the presence of a client base. The most effective methods attracting customers can be considered:

Advertising in specialized publications and on the Internet. Even small company you should start developing your own website - the list of services provided and examples of completed objects are more visual for consumers than abstract advertisements in newspapers;
Recommendations from satisfied customers. Each person who speaks positively about the level of service and quality of work can thereby attract two or three new clients, so you should not neglect even low-budget orders;
Cooperation with well-known companies. Some clients of such enterprises may be quite large customers who will certainly pay attention to a subcontractor who quickly and efficiently solves the assigned tasks;
Participation in government and commercial tenders. Of course, this method of searching for customers must be taken with full responsibility, since even if it loses, the company will be able to declare itself, and if it wins, it will have to assume all obligations to complete the project.

Many existing companies have been in the construction industry for decades, making it incredibly difficult for a newcomer to break into this market. Such problems are especially relevant in large cities, where the winners of tenders and executors of orders are usually known in advance. So that in such conditions competition to find your consumer, you should:

Determine whether you have sufficient funds, the ability to take out a loan to start on your own, or whether you need to attract investors. If you already have funds, you can create an individual entrepreneur to attract a large amount from outside best choice will become an LLC organization.

Research the demand for real estate in your area. Depending on this, you should choose the direction of activity: construction of townhouses, cottages for sale or wooden houses to order.

When drawing up a business plan, you should take into account seasonality, the average cost of housing in your region and the purchasing power of the population. The demand for housing construction is very high, but it is better to start with a narrow specialization and choose the most popular options that allow you to achieve payback in the shortest possible time.

Main risks

Competition in the construction industry is high. A beginner needs to choose narrow specialization and offer customers the highest level of service. Your advantage is the ability to concentrate on the little things. Large construction companies do not have this opportunity due to the peculiarities of the management organization.

Depends on the season. All stages of cottage construction can be carried out in spring and summer. At proper organization work and the availability of sufficient funds to ensure turnkey construction in full, you can start selling your house in the fall. If these conditions are not met, there is a risk that construction will be frozen until next season very high. When starting work, make sure that you have everything necessary to complete the project by the scheduled date.

Location

The company's office must be located in the central or business district of the city. This is where you will hold meetings with clients and partners. Also, designers, accountants, managers for working with clients and suppliers will work in the central office.

The facility for storing equipment and producing prefabricated wooden houses should be located in an industrial area or on the outskirts of the city. Suitable for production and warehouses. Important point– convenient transport interchange and the ability to provide communications necessary for activities.

If you specialize in the construction of cottages or townhouses and their subsequent sale, the question of finding a site for construction is added. Study the city's development plans. It is unprofitable to build houses in a remote village that lacks modern infrastructure and convenient transport links. Look for vacant plots in a crowded area, with communications and in close proximity to schools, shops, medical institutions and other infrastructure facilities.

Enter into an agreement with a realtor who will provide you with information about the average cost of housing in each area. Having selected interesting areas, order a soil analysis from the geodetic service.

Equipment

Buy expensive construction equipment not worth it. Depending on the project, at each stage of work you can rent necessary equipment with personnel from companies specializing in providing such services. Buy only those tools and equipment that are necessary for your work on a regular basis.

If you plan to sell finished wooden houses, the situation looks different. The lumberjack team must be equipped with chainsaws and other equipment for harvesting wood. Equipment for transporting wood to the assembly site can be rented. Assembly, which is best done in winter, is also carried out using chainsaws, electric planes and a standard set of carpentry tools. To operate, you need a mini-power station. The approximate cost of a set of equipment for the work of one team is 50-60 thousand rubles.

Personnel

For the construction of frame houses it is necessary to summer period hire a team of lumberjacks (5 people). The assembly must also be carried out by 5-6 qualified specialists, whom the company owner hires full time.

For permanent job in a company specializing in the construction of turnkey houses, a few people are enough:

Supervisor.
- Foreman.
- Manager.
- Accountant.
All other employees can be hired on a contract basis depending on the stage of work.
Look for companies and teams with a narrow specialization:

Design.
- Excavation.
- Construction of walls.
- Internal work.
- Laying power supply and communications.
- Water supply.
- Finishing work.
- Landscape design.

There are a lot of proposals for each item. By selecting best options in terms of the cost of services, quality and timing of work, you can subsequently enter into cooperation agreements with each of these teams or companies for the construction of the following facilities.

Documents and licenses

For low-rise construction, you do not need to obtain a license or become a member of the SRO. The owner of the company just needs to register an individual entrepreneur or LLC with the tax office and choose a convenient type of taxation.

If you have permanent employees, you need to register a company with the employment service and social insurance. Construction permits are issued by local authorities. When designing a facility, you must coordinate all the nuances with the architectural bureau and fire safety service.

Payback

Much depends on the average cost of housing in a particular region. On average, the cost of building a small house for one family, subject to cooperation with wholesalers of building materials and proper organization of work, is about 2 million rubles. The sale price of such houses fluctuates around 3 million rubles. During one season, you can earn 1 million rubles from the construction of one house.

The profitability of building finished wooden houses reaches 30-40%. With proper organization of the company's activities, it is possible to achieve payback in a year and a half.

Marketing

The main condition for success is quality, comprehensive service and speed of work completion.

Summary

The home building business is different. high profitability. Having developed real business plan and by choosing the most popular direction, you can attract investors and achieve payback within 1-2 years.