The main requirement for warehouse premises and warehouse areas. Requirements for the equipment of warehouse premises. How to equip a warehouse? and processing of personal data

Advice from an Expert - Work and Career Consultant

Photos on the topic

There are warehouses different types: open, closed, hangar, storage food products and others. It is necessary to take into account what exactly is supposed to be stored in the warehouse. After this, you can begin to equip it. Just follow these simple ones step by step tips, and you will be on the right track in your work and career.

Quick step by step guide

So, let's look at the actions that need to be taken.

Step - 1
Plan your warehouse organization. This must be done in accordance with the tasks that will need to be performed in this production premises. When drawing up this project, take into account all the factors that may be important when further equipping the warehouse (this means the products that will have to be stored in this room, the warehouse area, as well as your financial capabilities). Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 2
Think about what equipment needs to be installed in the warehouse, what racks can be used. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the width of the aisles, the presence of manual labor or automation of processes. Almost all warehouses use universal shelf racks and pallet racks, which allow automated loading (unloading) of products. If you are designing a warehouse for metal pipes, then you should calculate the location of cantilever racks, which have their own specifics. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 3
Please note that when setting up a commercial warehouse it is very important will have parking and convenient access roads, because this will increase the intensity of the warehouse operation. In turn, if manual labor is involved, it is necessary to observe the restriction on the height of the structures being installed. In this case, it is best to use mezzanine racks; this will help you increase your production area and allow you to do without special expensive warehouse equipment. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 4
Designate equipped areas for picking and sorting goods that will be stored in the warehouse. Determine the most suitable areas for loading and unloading products. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 5
Provide easy access to each type of storage unit in the warehouse. Provide separate places for equipment.

Additional Information And useful tips work and career expert Check the conditions of the room itself so that when checking by sanitary and epidemiological inspection, no “surprises” are found, such as the presence of rodents or mold.
We hope the answer to the question - How to equip a warehouse - contained useful information for you. Good luck to you in your Work and Career! To find the answer to your question, use the form -

In this article we describeda list of recommendations for improving warehouse performance and obtaining maximum profits.

Labour Organization

1. Appoint an effective manager. It must meet the following requirements:

work experience, knowledge of the nuances warehouse logistics;
Confident user of PCs and process automation software;
knowledge of all processes.

It’s good if such an effective manager can be “grown” independently from his employees. Isn't there such a possibility? Start your search on the side.

2. Monitor staffing levels. Do not exceed it unless absolutely necessary, but also do not go beyond the standardization of working hours for employees in accordance with current legislation.

3. When developing norms and local legal acts, be guided by the legislation: Labor Code, Sanpin regulations, current inter-industry norms and rules, federal laws, recommendations of various departments. Conduct workplace certification.

4. Develop a clear organizational structure personnel. Over time, it can be modernized and new ones introduced. structural units or staff units.

5. Regulate the work process so that staff have clear instructions for action. Develop and implement:

Regulations on the warehouse (this will be your basis - the Constitution of the warehouse);
regulations describing point-by-point the processes of acceptance, movement, storage, release, return, packaging, write-off;
For each process, draw up a technological diagram;
job and work instructions;
instructions on labor protection, fire and electrical safety.

Monitor the validity period of the developed documentation.

6. Maintain the separation of labor and technological resources. They should be distributed evenly. A situation where one part of the warehouse is idle, and the second is working hard, is unacceptable!

7. Transfer workers to piecework-bonus payment.

8. Calculate salaries based on performance indicators (KPI). Take into account no more than 10 indicators, otherwise taking them into account will lead to even greater costs. You can limit yourself to taking into account the following indicators:

Volume of products shipped;
- speed of shipment;
- quality indicators (absence of fights, defects, accuracy of design).

9. Organize workplaces, equip them with everything necessary to perform job responsibilities. Place the offices of immediate managers as close as possible to the work areas of subordinates.

10. Monitor the labor market in the field of warehouse logistics, track employment levels and changes in salaries.

Unloading and receiving

11. Before you start unloading the vehicle, you must check the seal numbers with those indicated in the accompanying documents. Check their integrity and correct sealing. Inspect the vehicle for any malfunctions (rupture of the awning, broken lacing).

12. Develop regulations that determine the procedure for unloading vehicles if they arrive at the same time. Make the decision on priority based on the specifics of the arrived products and their quantity. First of all, it is advisable to unload items that will not be stored, but will go straight to packaging and shipping to the customer.

13. Unloading should be carried out rationally in accordance with the developed technological schemes. It is advisable to carry out unloading while simultaneously entering the goods into the register and controlling quantity and quality.

14. Only one type of product can be placed on a pallet. Avoid mixing and re-grading. You can set a rule that different items can be stored on one pallet, but only if they are sent to the same zone. Place packages so that labels are easy to read.

15. Pallets (pallets, stacks) used for storage must be stable, in good condition, and ensure the integrity of the goods during movement. To preserve the product, it is necessary to “palletize” it - wrap the top 2-3 rows with several layers of stretch film.

16. Unloading should be carried out as quickly as possible by the best workers.

17. Unload and accept for storage on the day of arrival.

18. Check compliance with the quantity specified in the technical specification by:

partial or full weighing;
recalculation of units in packaging;
recalculation of the number of packages.

Be sure to open all suspicious or damaged packages to check the safety of the contents.

19. Effective method increase the speed of unloading and registration - assign certain categories to suppliers: “super reliable”, “reliable”, “requiring verification”, etc. There is no need to check cargo from a highly reliable supplier. A “reliable” supplier needs to check no more than 30% of the supply volume. Cargo from a supplier that “requires inspection” is checked thoroughly.

20. In case of detection of shortages, surpluses, mismatches, defects and other claims, draw up a report. Can be used unified form TORG-2, developed by Goskomstat, but it is very cumbersome. The law allows you to use your own approved form of the act.

Storage

21. Each product category must have its own zone. And separate or so-called “virtual” warehouses should be created. For example, a warehouse “in the long-term storage area” or a warehouse “in the awaiting shipment area.” This way you will always know how goods are moving within the “physical” (main) warehouse.

22. Inside the designated area there must be a designated place (box, shelf, pallet, rack) for a specific item.

23. Frequently in demand goods should be easily accessible. Such items should be placed as close to the shipping area as possible. To determine demand, use ABC analysis or a special percentage of circulation method.

24. Sometimes the “rule of demand” has exceptions: large-sized goods, regardless of demand, are better stored nearby near the shipping area. It is advisable to store products of great value in the back of the room.

25. Determine the categories of goods for statistical storage - in allocated places, and for dynamic storage - place in free places at the time of its receipt. Appoint staff responsible for organizing accommodation.

26. You cannot store goods on the floor! Use pallets uniform standard 800x1200, 1000x1200 or any other size.

27. Hand over the goods for storage as carefully as possible. Inspect it daily for integrity.

28. Enter the “3 steps” rule for quick search: Step 1 - arrange the goods into groups. The staff will remember where this group is stored.

29. 2nd step - address storage (product in quantity “x” is stored in department “A”, on rack “B”, on shelf “1”, in cell “11”). Enter the information into the accounting system. Make shortcuts different colors. The color will aid in identification.

30. 3rd step - implementation automated system accounting, use of bar codes, bar codes, digital codes, electronic tags. This method helps to set up work quickly and efficiently, but has disadvantages:

high price;
strict regulation of all actions;
zoned storage only;
availability of good software;
It is necessary to train personnel to work with the system.

Picking and shipment

31. Never release a load without accompanying documents. ECAM allows you to generate waybills, invoices, TORG-12 and many other documents.

32. Develop picking routes, set deadlines for preparing accompanying documents.

33. Set the time for receiving applications from clients: for example, applications submitted after 16:00 are processed the next day, applications submitted before 12:00 are processed on the same day after 15:00, etc. Assign executive, which will be authorized to make decisions on changing the regulations on picking time.

34. Determine priority items for shipment. This:

orders that will be delivered to the client earlier;
orders for last point unloading vehicle-carrier.

35. It is reasonable to use a combination of two configuration methods:

individual, when the required amount of goods for one order is withdrawn from departments;
complex, when a product that is present in several orders is withdrawn.

Designate an employee who will decide on the picking method.

36. Place the assembled goods in a container, place it on a separate pallet, and wrap it with film. Label with the customer's name and delivery address.

37. Create a “Picking Log”, where each employee responsible for order picking will sign.

38. Inspect the vehicle for suitability for the load being transported. Do not ship to inappropriate vehicles.

39. Do not exceed the permitted carrying capacity of the vehicle or axle load.

40. Avoid bulk loading or placing heavy goods on top of light ones. If the product is damaged during shipment, replace it immediately - a return from the client is inevitable, but will cost more. Upon completion of loading, we seal the vehicle in accordance with the established regulations.

Warehouse zoning

41. Determine what rooms you need based on the picture:

42. Divide the entire area of the room into zones.

34. The area of each zone must be used with maximum benefit, then it may turn out that part of the premises can be rented out.

44. Do not allow the storage area to spread to other departments.

45. Use scientific approach to calculate the required areas for each zone. The calculation is based on cargo turnover and inventory turnover indicators.

46. Create a “rejection” zone and place products there that do not meet the established requirements. It is advisable to clearly fence it off.

47. Let the manager submit a monthly report on products in the “reject” zone, proposing solutions for its further use.

48. Take measures to reduce the number of defects:

price drop;
bonuses for sales managers;
promotions, sales;
return to manufacturer;
repair, restoration;
selling to your employees;
charity events;
disposal.

49. The presence of passages and passages inside the warehouse is mandatory!

50. Administrative and utility premises must be in sufficient quantity: toilets, showers, locker rooms, rest rooms. The optimal norm is 3 sq. meters for 1 person.

Order in the warehouse

51. Even if there is a significant lack of space, leave passages along the walls of at least 50 cm, this will make it possible to walk around the perimeter of the warehouse for inspection and during cleaning.

52. If there is not enough space, then consider the possibility of additional shelves on the racks, or adding mezzanines on top. Or maybe you can reduce the space between the shelves?

53. Do not store extraneous items in the warehouse.

54. Use a modern lighting system. Paint the ceiling a light color - this increases the luminous flux.

55. Create a lighting system that will illuminate only those parts that need to be illuminated in this moment. This will significantly reduce energy costs.

56. Use the principles of ergonomics: light-colored walls and ceilings will visually increase the space. Use bright colors to highlight hazardous areas.

57. Apply markings on the floor for the movement of equipment. Mark its parking spots.

58. Equip the warehouse with warning signs and information boards. Be sure to hang a sign with safety information.

59. Keep it clean. Carry out systematic cleaning and deratization. Make sure all systems are in good working order: sewerage, ventilation, air conditioning.

60. Please note that your warehouse will be known far beyond your region - carriers willingly share information about working conditions.

Warehouse equipment

61. Loading and unloading equipment is very expensive. It is better to calculate the required quantity using the well-known Gadzhinsky method. It is important to correctly calculate the stock indicator: when a certain number of carts during unloading can be supplemented with idle ones from a neighboring department.

62. Each piece of equipment must be assigned to a specific person - individual responsibility increases its service life many times over.

63. B technical department There should be everything necessary for maintenance: brushes, rags, vacuum cleaner, buckets. Lubrication and maintenance materials should also be available and located in the technical department.

64. Please note that employees working with complex equipment are required to undergo training. To conduct training, you must enter into a contract with the training organization.

65. Has the warranty period expired? Carry out an inspection on the basis of which you can decide on the advisability of further use, sale, or purchase of new equipment.

66. Try to purchase from one manufacturer. Spare parts from decommissioned equipment are suitable for repair.

67. The entry of equipment into a carriage or vehicle body is justified. Use overpasses and control bridges for this.

68. When choosing a manufacturer, consider:

cost, payment terms;
lifetime;
reviews from other buyers;
specifications;
How is service organized?

69. On a level floor, use wheels with a polyurethane coating. For uneven earthen or asphalt floors, use rubber wheels or nylon rollers.

70. Buy 80% hydraulic trolleys with two rollers - to work along the entire length of the pallet. 20% of trolleys with one roller - for working with a pallet from the side, is quite enough.

Cost reduction, optimal budgeting

71. Manage the cost of operations, which is calculated as the dependence of processing costs on cargo turnover over a period of time. Cost data will allow you to see ways to optimize technological processes.

72. Make the cost indicator the main motivation of management personnel: the lower it is, the more bonuses.

73. If possible, determine the cost of each operation - this will help to identify and eliminate unnecessary ones that are not profitable.

74. To reduce costs, implement IT technologies and lean principles.

75. Reduce the number of manual operations involved in moving loads to the minimum possible. Labor productivity will increase - costs will decrease.

76. Increase the level of staff training. Create a flexible motivation system.

77. Approve the standards for Consumables. Review them periodically.

78. Make a budget in advance - this will allow you to spend money efficiently.

79. Give the manager some financial independence: let him decide on the priority of payments.

80. Remember! The warehouse doesn't spend money, it earns it! There are many ways:

Safety of material assets

81. Conclude a liability agreement with each employee.

82. Require strict compliance from staff established rules, norms, regulations.

83. Do not allow a “peak” load on the warehouse, this leads to different results in fact and documentation.

84. Employees should be aware that losses are covered from net profit companies.

85. Do not punish anyone financially without establishing the reasons and conditions for the shortage (damage to products).

86. Eliminate the possibility of theft of goods or the presence of strangers.

87. Special control is required in shipping areas - this is where 90% of thefts occur.

88. Pay on time wages to the staff.

89. Periodically check employees for alcohol intoxication, drug addiction.

90. Use modern security systems or at least dummies of them.

Inventory

91. Regulate the inventory procedure. Clearly define goals and deadlines. Inventory purposes can be:

identifying discrepancies between documentary and factual data;
increasing the efficiency of inventory management;
increasing the level of service and more.

92. The inventory is announced by order, which determines the date of the event, the composition of the commission, goals, and participants.

93. Before the procedure, stop the movement of products inside and outside the warehouse.

94. Instruct workers to prepare the warehouse for the event.

95. The most competent warehouse workers should take part in the inventory.

96. Carry out a complete inventory once a year, periodic - monthly or weekly. Analyze data from previous inspections.

97. Occasionally conduct unscheduled inventories to check the manager’s effectiveness.

98. Use different methods: by geography, manufacturer, product group, etc.

99. Removing leftovers is the task of responsible people! Get this done.

100. The results of the inventory are documented in an act, signed by all financially responsible employees.

Warehouse logistics is a complex system that plays a crucial role in the supply chain. This area is multifaceted and diverse; there is always room for improvement, efficiency and profitability.

We have a ready-made solution and equipment for

Try all the features of the ECAM platform for free

Privacy agreement

and processing of personal data

1. General Provisions

1.1. This agreement on confidentiality and processing of personal data (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) was accepted freely and of its own free will, and applies to all information that Insales Rus LLC and/or its affiliates, including all persons included in the same group with LLC "Insails Rus" (including LLC "EKAM Service") can obtain information about the User while using any of the sites, services, services, computer programs, products or services of LLC "Insails Rus" (hereinafter referred to as the Services) and in during the execution of Insales Rus LLC any agreements and contracts with the User. The User's consent to the Agreement, expressed by him within the framework of relations with one of the listed persons, applies to all other listed persons.

1.2.Use of the Services means the User agrees with this Agreement and the terms and conditions specified therein; in case of disagreement with these terms, the User must refrain from using the Services.

"Insales"- Society with limited liability“Insails Rus”, OGRN 1117746506514, INN 7714843760, checkpoint 771401001, registered at the address: 125319, Moscow, Akademika Ilyushina St., 4, building 1, office 11 (hereinafter referred to as “Insails”), on the one hand , And

"User" -

or individual having legal capacity and recognized as a participant in civil legal relations in accordance with the law Russian Federation;

or entity, registered in accordance with the legislation of the state of which such person is a resident;

or individual entrepreneur registered in accordance with the laws of the state of which such person is a resident;

which has accepted the terms of this Agreement.

1.4. For the purposes of this Agreement, the Parties have determined that confidential information is information of any nature (production, technical, economic, organizational and others), including the results of intellectual activity, as well as information about methods of implementation professional activity(including, but not limited to: information about products, works and services; information about technologies and research works; information about technical systems and equipment, including software elements; business forecasts and information about proposed purchases; requirements and specifications of specific partners and potential partners; information related to intellectual property, as well as plans and technologies related to all of the above) communicated by one party to the other in writing and/or electronic form, clearly designated by the Party as its confidential information.

1.5. The purpose of this Agreement is to protect confidential information that the Parties will exchange during negotiations, concluding contracts and fulfilling obligations, as well as any other interaction (including, but not limited to, consulting, requesting and providing information, and performing other instructions).

2. Responsibilities of the Parties

2.1. The Parties agree to keep secret all confidential information received by one Party from the other Party during the interaction of the Parties, not to disclose, divulge, make public or otherwise provide such information to any third party without the prior written permission of the other Party, with the exception of cases specified in the current legislation, when the provision of such information is the responsibility of the Parties.

2.2.Each Party will take all necessary measures to protect confidential information using at least the same measures that the Party uses to protect its own confidential information. Access to confidential information is provided only to those employees of each Party who reasonably need it to perform official duties for the execution of this Agreement.

2.3. The obligation to keep confidential information secret is valid within the validity period of this Agreement, the license agreement for computer programs dated December 1, 2016, the agreement to join the license agreement for computer programs, agency and other agreements and for five years after termination their actions, unless otherwise separately agreed by the Parties.

(a) if the information provided has become publicly available without a violation of the obligations of one of the Parties;

(b) if the information provided became known to a Party as a result of its own research, systematic observations or other activities carried out without the use of confidential information received from the other Party;

(c) if the information provided is lawfully received from a third party without an obligation to keep it secret until it is provided by one of the Parties;

(d) if the information is provided at the written request of the authority state power, other government agency, or organ local government in order to perform their functions and its disclosure to these bodies is mandatory for the Party. In this case, the Party must immediately notify the other Party of the received request;

(e) if the information is provided to a third party with the consent of the Party about which the information is transferred.

2.5.Insales does not verify the accuracy of the information provided by the User and does not have the ability to assess his legal capacity.

2.6.The information that the User provides to Insales when registering in the Services is not personal data as defined in Federal law RF No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006. “About personal data.”

2.7.Insales has the right to make changes to this Agreement. When changes are made to the current edition, the date of the last update is indicated. The new version of the Agreement comes into force from the moment it is posted, unless otherwise provided new edition Agreements.

2.8. By accepting this Agreement, the User understands and agrees that Insales may send the User personalized messages and information (including, but not limited to) to improve the quality of the Services, to develop new products, to create and send personal offers to the User, to inform the User about changes in Tariff plans and updates, for sending to the User marketing materials on the subject of the Services, to protect the Services and Users and for other purposes.

The user has the right to refuse to receive the above information by notifying in writing to the email address Insales -.

2.9. By accepting this Agreement, the User understands and agrees that Insales Services may use cookies, counters, and other technologies to ensure the functionality of the Services in general or their individual functions in particular, and the User has no claims against Insales in connection with this.

2.10.The user understands that the equipment and software, used by him to visit sites on the Internet, may have the function of prohibiting operations with cookies (for any sites or for specific sites), as well as deleting previously received cookies.

Insales has the right to establish that the provision of a certain Service is possible only on the condition that the acceptance and receipt of cookies is permitted by the User.

2.11. The user is independently responsible for the security of the means he has chosen to access his account, and also independently ensures their confidentiality. The User is solely responsible for all actions (as well as their consequences) within or using the Services under the User’s account, including cases of voluntary transfer by the User of data to access the User’s account to third parties under any conditions (including under contracts or agreements) . In this case, all actions within or using the Services under the User’s account are considered to be carried out by the User himself, except in cases where the User notified Insales of unauthorized access to the Services using the User’s account and/or of any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of his means of accessing your account.

2.12. The User is obliged to immediately notify Insales of any case of unauthorized (not authorized by the User) access to the Services using the User’s account and/or of any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of their means of access to the account. For security purposes, the User is obliged to independently safely shut down work under his account at the end of each session of working with the Services. Insales is not responsible for possible loss or damage to data, as well as other consequences of any nature that may occur due to the User’s violation of the provisions of this part of the Agreement.

3. Responsibility of the Parties

3.1. The Party that has violated the obligations stipulated by the Agreement regarding the protection of confidential information transferred under the Agreement is obliged, at the request of the injured Party, to compensate for the actual damage caused by such violation of the terms of the Agreement in accordance with current legislation Russian Federation.

3.2. Compensation for damage does not terminate the obligations of the violating Party to properly fulfill its obligations under the Agreement.

4.Other provisions

4.1. All notices, requests, demands and other correspondence under this Agreement, including those including confidential information, must be in writing and delivered personally or through a courier, or sent to e-mail to the addresses specified in the license agreement for computer programs dated December 1, 2016, the accession agreement to the license agreement for computer programs and in this Agreement or other addresses that may subsequently be specified in writing by the Party.

4.2. If one or more provisions (conditions) of this Agreement are or become invalid, then this cannot serve as a reason for termination of the other provisions (conditions).

4.3. This Agreement and the relationship between the User and Insales arising in connection with the application of the Agreement are subject to the law of the Russian Federation.

4.3. The User has the right to send all suggestions or questions regarding this Agreement to the Insales User Support Service or by postal address: 107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, building 11-12 BC “Stendhal” LLC “Insales Rus”.

Publication date: 12/01/2016

Full name in Russian:

Limited Liability Company "Insales Rus"

Abbreviated name in Russian:

LLC "Insales Rus"

Name in English:

InSales Rus Limited Liability Company (InSales Rus LLC)

Legal address:

125319, Moscow, st. Akademika Ilyushina, 4, building 1, office 11

Mailing address:

107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, building 11-12, BC “Stendhal”

INN: 7714843760 Checkpoint: 771401001

Bank details:

Reliable and safe storage of products is an important condition for its successful implementation. Expansion of production or search new niche market demands a more practical arrangement of existing warehouses and the creation of new racking systems.

Commissioning of warehouse premises and proper organization Their work allows us to significantly increase trade turnover, ensure the safety of products, and create the most suitable savings conditions for each category of goods. Before you start equipping warehouses, you need to familiarize yourself with their varieties and choose the best option. There are hangar, closed and open spaces, the useful space of which should be planned depending on the type of products placed in them.

Warehouse rules

When starting to organize a warehouse, it is advisable to determine its functional purpose and carefully calculate the dimensions of the required racking system. When drawing up a project, all significant factors must be taken into account - the building area, the necessary sanitary conditions, the dimensions of stored products, the planned work budget. It is worth paying attention to the performance characteristics various types shelving. The most common option is shelf structures used to accommodate retail product, as well as products in metal or plastic containers.

The rack can be stationary or mobile. Another popular type is pallet devices designed for storing standard and specific types of goods. You can set up a warehouse by installing prefabricated racking systems, among which it is customary to distinguish cargo, mobile and universal options. The structures are made from stainless steel, high quality assembly makes them as reliable and stable as possible.

When equipping a commercial warehouse, you need to take care of the availability of parking and convenient access to the building - these factors affect the productivity of the enterprise, speed up document flow and facilitate management inventory. The installation of prefabricated structures is especially popular today. It is advisable to entrust their installation to specialists from organizations providing warehouse arrangement services - the MTO company is one of the most reliable. Experienced professionals can not only install shelving correctly, but also give recommendations on organizing work and more efficient space planning.

Rational use of useful space allows the placement of racks, shelves and counters of suitable dimensions. Among the most convenient are gravity racking systems, which are used to place cargo on special roller tracks. The devices are suitable for storing large volumes of goods; they are actively used in the pharmaceutical, chemical and Food Industry. The presence of interrack aisles allows the operation of a warehouse equipped with gravity structures to be optimized. When thinking about how to properly arrange racks in a warehouse, you should not forget about the choice of lifting and transport equipment (ladders, tables, platforms) that facilitate the placement of products. When organizing the work of a warehouse, it is advisable to pay special attention to the compliance of the racks with safety requirements. The structures must be strong and stable, correspond to the height of the room and the dimensions of the stored goods.

Equipment for storing goods.

Equipment in this group is divided into the following subgroups:

For stacking and storing packaged products;

For storage of bulk and bulk products;

For storage of bulk products.

Racks and pallets are widely used for stacking and storing packaged cargo.

Racks are divided into universal and special according to their purpose. Universal racks are used for storing various food products in containers or on pallets. Special racks are used to store certain goods.

Pallets are devices designed for forming cargo packages, stacking and transporting products. They are universal in their use. The use of pallets in warehouses creates the necessary conditions for the comprehensive mechanization of loading and unloading and inside warehouse operations, reducing labor costs, and more efficient use of the space and capacity of warehouse premises.

Storage of bulk and bulk products ( table salt, granulated sugar etc.) are carried out in bunkers and bins.

Bunker devices are specially equipped containers for temporary storage of bulk and bulk cargo. They can have a capacity from 20 to 100 cubic meters. m or more. Bins are places fenced off by a vertical partition for pouring bulk products. They may have cells formed by internal partitions.

Liquid cargo ( vegetable oils, milk, etc.) are stored in reservoirs (tanks), as well as in barrels and cans. Tanks are often made of steel. They can have a capacity of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 cubic meters. m, equipped with hatches for measurements, cleaning and repair, as well as devices for draining and filling products and for air release.

For the storage and transportation of liquid cargo, specialized vehicles and containers with a gross weight of 30, 20, 10, 5 and 1.25 tons can be used. Their use is economically beneficial, as it allows for maximum mechanization and simplification of operations associated with the storage and transportation of liquid cargo.

Lifting and transport equipment. The use of lifting and transport equipment in the warehouse technological process helps to facilitate heavy and labor-intensive work, speeds up loading and unloading operations, and reduces transport downtime.

Lifting and transport equipment is classified according to the following main characteristics:

Functional purpose;

The principle of frequency of action;

Type of cargo being processed;

Types of drive;

Degrees of labor mechanization.

According to their functional purpose, the equipment is divided into three groups:

Lifting machines and mechanisms;

Transporting machines and devices;

Loading and unloading machines, trucks.

Lifting machines and mechanisms include cranes, freight elevators, winches and electric hoists.

Cranes are designed to move loads in vertical and horizontal directions.

Freight elevators are intermittent lifting devices for lifting and lowering products. Their carrying capacity is from 150 kg to 5 tons.

Winches are used for vertical (lifting winches) and horizontal (traction winches) movement of loads; they are available with manual and electric drives. They can have traction forces of up to 1 ton.

An electric hoist is an electrically driven mechanism for vertical and horizontal movement of a load suspended on a hook. Horizontal movement is carried out along a suspended monorail track. It is controlled using a push-button mechanism, it has a lifting capacity of 0.5 and 1 t and is designed for a lifting height of cargo from 4 to Yum.

Transport machines and devices include conveyors, gravity devices, cargo transport carts, electric tractors and electric cars.

Conveyors (transporters) are continuous transport machines. Depending on the design features, they are belt, plate and roller. They are used for horizontal and slightly inclined movement of bulk and piece goods.

Gravity devices include gravity conveyors and vertical descents. The load with the help of these devices moves under the influence of its own gravity.

Cargo transport trolleys are used for horizontal and slightly inclined movement of goods. They are electric and manual. Electric trolleys are used to move goods over a distance of up to 1 km. Hand carts are produced on three or four wheels, their load capacity is up to 1 ton. Cargo transport carts with a load capacity of up to 50 kg are used to move individual lightweight loads.

Stacker trolleys with a manual hydraulic drive for lifting cargo allow for multi-tiered storage, stacking in racks and moving cargo in industrial containers. Carts may have a lifting platform or lifting forks.

Electric tractors are used for horizontal movement of trailed trolleys and container equipment on wheels. The total weight of transported cargo is up to 1500 kg.

Loading and unloading machines - forklifts and stackers - are designed to perform loading and unloading operations, intra-warehouse movement and storage of goods. Forklifts They are divided into electric forklifts and auto-loaders.

Electric forklifts are floor-mounted, trackless, electrified vehicles driven by an electric motor powered by batteries. Their main working body is the forks, which serve to pick up the load, lift it, transport and stack it. They are produced with a lifting capacity of 0.5 to 5 tons, and a lifting height of cargo from 2.0 to 5.6 m. Electric loaders have high maneuverability.

Forklift trucks are powered by an engine internal combustion, and therefore are used to perform loading and unloading operations in open areas.

Their carrying capacity is from 3.2 to 10 tons, the lifting height of cargo is up to 8.2 m.

Electric stackers also belong to floor-mounted trackless transport vehicles. Serve to perform warehouse work in indoors with a hard and smooth floor covering. They are used for working in cramped conditions when stacking goods in high tiers of racks. Their carrying capacity is 0.8; 1.0; 1.25; 1.6 and 2 t.

When equipping warehouses with lifting and transport equipment, the following is taken into account: arrangement of warehouses; range and dimensions of products to be processed; volume of loading, unloading and storage operations; machine performance; warehouse operating hours.

Weighing, measuring and packaging equipment.

Depending on the design, scales used in warehouses are divided as follows:

Scale;

Scale-weight;

Dial;

Semi-automatic;

Automatic.

In addition, scales are divided into the following types:

Carriages;

Automotive;

Crane;

Commodity (platform);

Tabletop (ordinary, dial, electronic). To equip warehouses, mobile and stationary platform scales are most often used.

Mobile floor scales are used to weigh cargo weighing from 50 kg to 3 tons.

On scale-weight scales, the mass of the load is determined by summing the mass values of the overhead weights and the scale readings. They are low productivity. To determine the mass of the goods, it is necessary to carry out a calculation. At the same time, they are simple in design, reliable and have a relatively low cost.

Scale and dial scales are easy to use. Stationary platform scales are designed for weighing large loads. Their mechanism is mounted on a special foundation. In this case, for weighing cargo with a vehicle, truck scales with the largest weighing limits of 10, 15, 30, 60, 100 and 150 tons are used.

To weigh cargo along with wagons in warehouses of wholesale warehouses, wagon scales are used.

New generation electronic scales are becoming increasingly widespread. Currently, several hundred models of such scales are produced in the Russian Federation (from tabletop to automobile and carriage scales). They are durable and reliable, and can be designed for any operating conditions. Weighing time is only 2-3 seconds. The scales have maximum service functions.

At enterprises wholesale trade and warehouses, various packaging equipment is used.

According to its purpose, it is divided into equipment for filling and packaging groceries (automatic dispensers, mechanized production lines) and equipment for sorting, packing and packaging potatoes, vegetables and fruits (semi-automatic scales and lines for filling and packaging).

Automatic scales are used to pack granulated sugar and cereals into paper bags in portions of 0.5 and 1 kg. Packaging of sweets, gingerbreads and others food products produced using an installation for packaging in bags made of polymer film. The portion weight is determined on an electronic scale.

For making double paper bags, packaging and packing granulated sugar in portions up to 1 kg are used by automatic machines with a permissible dosing error of each portion within + 1.5%.

The industry produces machines for filling and packing granulated sugar, cereals, table salt and other bulk goods into bags made of polymer film in portions of 0.5-1 kg.

For packaging and packing of products, mechanized and automated production lines can be used.

In mechanized lines almost everything technological operations carried out using machines operated by personnel. Such lines include automatic scales and automatic stackers of packaged goods in containers and equipment. The mechanized line has a capacity of up to 3000 bags per hour with a portion weight of 1 kg.

Automated production lines are equipped with a set of machines that automatically perform all technological operations. They are used for packing and packing granulated sugar and cereals.

Special machines are used for packing vegetables, fruits, and potatoes in cotton and polymer mesh bags. Their productivity is 1200 bags per hour with a serving weight of no more than 3 kg.

For automatic packaging of vegetables, fruits and potatoes in a polymer mesh, machines are used with a capacity of 780-1200 bags per hour, depending on the weight of the portion.

There are also mechanized production lines for packaging and packaging potatoes in a polymer mesh, as well as carrots in plastic bags etc. Their productivity is 600 servings per hour with a potato serving weighing 3 kg and a carrot serving weighing 1 kg.

Trade equipment is divided into the following types: commercial non-mechanical equipment (trade furniture), measuring equipment, cash register equipment, refrigeration equipment, handling equipment, packaging and packing equipment.

To perform various operations related to acceptance, storage, preparation for sale, display and sale of goods, stores use non-mechanical commercial and technological equipment (furniture for retail premises). One of the main functions of commercial non-mechanical equipment is to provide technological process at a trading company.

Furniture, being the main type of equipment of this enterprise, consists of slides, hangers, packaging equipment, counters, display cases, racks and other products necessary to perform the main trading operations. A correctly selected set of furniture allows you to:

Rationally organize the trade and technological process;

Mechanize heavy and labor-intensive operations;

Expand the range of products;

Maximize the use of area and volume of retail and warehouse premises;

Reduce product losses;

Introduce progressive forms of sales;

Increase the level of trade services, labor productivity of trade workers, and work efficiency trading enterprises;

Improve the aesthetic design of retail premises.

Furniture used in commercial enterprises is divided according to the following criteria:

1) functional purpose - for display of goods (showcases, stands), for display and sale of goods (slides, hangers, counters), for display, transportation, temporary storage and sale of goods (container equipment), for settlements with customers (cash registers ), for storing goods (racks, stock shelves), for checking the quality and preparing goods for sale (tables for rejecting goods, packaging goods), for providing additional services to customers (fitting booths, tables for packaging goods, counters for selection baskets and customer bags , bedside tables for check scales), etc.;

2) place of use - in the sales areas of stores, in premises for receiving, storing and preparing goods for sale, in utility rooms;

3) installation method - wall-mounted (installed around the perimeter trading floor), island (installed in the center of the hall), wall-mounted and built-in;

4) product profile - specialized and universal; specialized furniture adapted for certain group or type of goods (mounts for fabrics, bakery products), universal furniture suitable for different groups goods;

5) material of manufacture - metal, wood, combined, using metal, wood, glass, plastics and other materials. Metal furniture parts are made from round and rectangular sections, rod, wire, angle steel, sheet steel, aluminum. Zinc, enamel and other coatings are used to finish their surfaces. Wooden parts are made from lumber, chipboards, fiberboards, and plywood;

6) structures - non-removable, collapsible, folding, collapsible, sectional, universally prefabricated. Permanent furniture consists of parts interconnected by permanent connections. Parts of prefabricated furniture are connected using bolts, screws, brackets, hooks and other detachable connections. Folding and collapsible furniture have parts with hinged joints that allow them to be folded, thereby reducing the size of the furniture and the volume it occupies. Sectional furniture consists of separate sections. The section represents ready product, equipped with the necessary parts: shelves, drawers, brackets, etc. Sections are installed separately or connected to other sections. In this case, blocks or lines of any length are formed. When connecting sections in a line, fewer support posts are required, which reduces the weight of furniture and the costs of its purchase and installation. Universal prefabricated furniture consists of standardized legal materials, from which you can assemble furniture of various functional purposes and sizes. Using a combination of various parts, as well as a combination of various devices for displaying goods, you can create a wide variety of types of furniture for organizing trade in all groups of food and non-food products;

7) completeness - piece products and sets of furniture. Factories commercial equipment are produced as separate products upon orders trade organizations, and furniture sets. Sets are a group of products with different functional purposes and the same architectural and artistic design;

8) the nature of production - experimental, serial and mass. Experimental furniture is made in non- large quantities to identify the advantages, disadvantages and needs of trading enterprises. Serial - produced in larger or smaller batches (series) based on the results of manufacturing and testing of experimental samples. Mass furniture is produced in large quantities over a long period of time without changing the design.

Furniture for trade enterprises is subject to operational, economic, ergonomic, aesthetic, sanitary and hygienic requirements.

Commercial refrigeration equipment is a refrigerated device designed for short-term storage, display and sale of perishable goods in enterprises retail. It is one of the links in a continuous refrigeration chain and is represented by refrigerated chambers, commercial refrigerated cabinets, refrigerated display cases, counters and display counters.

Commercial refrigeration equipment used to equip stores is divided into the following main groups according to purpose:

For storing goods (refrigerators, cabinets, closed counters);

For display and sale of goods (open counters, showcases and display counters);

Demonstration equipment (display cases, display cabinets).

According to the temperature regime maintained in the refrigerated container, refrigeration equipment is usually divided into low-temperature (for frozen products) and normal (for refrigerated products). In low-temperature equipment, goods are stored at a temperature of -18°C and below. Chilled products are stored at a temperature of 0-2°C.

Refrigerating chambers have a collapsible design. They are installed in store warehouses and food is stored in them for 3-5 days. Refrigeration chambers are produced in two types: KHS (for chilled products) and KHN (for frozen products) with a refrigerated volume of 6, 12 and 18 m3. Shelves are used for storing food, and hooks are used for hanging carcasses. Some refrigeration chambers are designed for storing goods in container equipment.

The refrigerated compartment of the refrigerator compartment is assembled from standardized insulated panels forming the walls, floor and ceiling. The panels are connected to each other at the assembly site with special ties. The outer cladding of the panels is made of sheet steel, the inner cladding is made of sheet aluminum. The space between the facings is filled with polyurethane foam. One or two (depending on the chamber model) refrigeration machines are installed on the ceiling panel of the chamber.

Refrigerated cabinets are installed at the seller’s workplace or in the warehouses of small stores. They have built-in refrigeration units. They are produced in two types: SHH (medium temperature) and SHN (low temperature). They may have different capacities of the refrigerated chambers, different cooling capacities of the machines and a different number of doors. Refrigerating cabinets ШХ-0.40М are distinguished by these characteristics; ШХ-0.80М; ШХ-0.80У; ШХ-0.71; ШХ-1.40, etc. The refrigerated compartment of refrigerated cabinets is assembled from pre-fabricated panels of two metal claddings, the space between which is filled with thermal insulation made of polyurethane foam. Removable lattice shelves are used for storing goods. The engine room occupies the top of the cabinet. In refrigerated cabinets the temperature is maintained from 0 to 8°C, in low-temperature cabinets - down to -18°C.

Refrigerated display cases are used for displaying and selling chilled and frozen products. For short-term storage, display and sale of pre-cooled and packaged gastronomic products in self-service stores, refrigerated medium-temperature display cases VHS-2-3.15 and VHS-2-3.15 VM are widely used. For the sale of refrigerated goods from container equipment, refrigerated display cases VHS-2-4K, VHS-2-4KM1 and VHS-2-4KVM are used.

To place goods in display cases, there are refrigerated compartments in which the temperature can be maintained from -2 to 6°C or 0 to 8°C. Products are laid out on sheet steel shelves, aluminum sheet trays or in container equipment.

The refrigeration supply for display cases, depending on their model, is carried out from a refrigeration unit located in the engine room of the display case, or a refrigeration unit installed outside the display case, in the engine room of the store.

Refrigerated counters are designed for short-term storage, display and sale of chilled gastronomic products in supermarkets. There are medium-temperature (MCS) and low-temperature (PHN).

Self-service stores use open counters with air curtains. The most common models are PHS-2-2.5; PCN-2-2.5; PHS-1.25; PHS-2-2, etc. The refrigerated compartments are maintained at the same temperature as in the refrigerated display cases. Refrigeration units are located in counter machine rooms or store machine rooms.

Products in refrigerated counters are laid out on removable lattice shelves or placed in cassettes or baskets (in closed counters).

Refrigerated display counters are used for short-term storage, display and sale of refrigerated products. The design of this type of equipment provides for the presence of two refrigerated compartments - a counter chamber and a display case. The counter chamber is designed to store a replacement stock of perishable goods. The display case displays goods intended for display and selection by customers.

A properly organized warehouse is one of the most important and powerful links in the chain of operation of a business related to cars, be it a car shop, a service station or a wholesale warehouse. You can consider an auto parts warehouse as a separate business; basically, it allows you to reduce the costs of storage, maintenance and other expense items of a larger structure.

By quickly moving goods, the warehouse makes it possible to accelerate the turnover of capital investments. The key point the organization of a warehouse is the movement of goods, not their storage - this principle is extremely important in planning and determines the overall efficiency of the warehouse.

modern Class A auto parts warehouse

There is no unambiguous classification of automobile spare parts warehouses, but it is possible to identify the main groups, which makes it possible to more accurately approach the problem:

Warehouses of central offices;
Warehouses official dealers and unofficial representations;
Warehouses of chains selling auto parts;
Warehouses of auto parts stores;
Spare parts warehouses for repair shops (service stations)

Understanding which of these categories a warehouse falls into is one of the main points in the entire warehouse setup.

Selecting the size and location of the spare parts warehouse

The size of the future warehouse is determined by the type of activity and the planned turnover. Small businesses in the retail trade of auto parts, warehouses at service stations and repair shops do not require huge premises, so optimal solution There will be small prefabricated warehouses made of lightweight steel frames. Such warehouses can be built in both “warm” and “cold” versions.

Two main materials are used for cladding - SIP panel and profiled steel sheet. The panels are good for “warm” type warehouses, where the desired temperature is maintained in winter. Corrugated sheeting is suitable for warehouses without heating.

For a small warehouse, a successful ready-made solution may be.

For larger projects, for warehouses of retail dealer networks or official representative offices, you can also use ready-made solutions, for example:

example standard solution warehouse from LMK

Elements of the building are made in industrial conditions made of steel sheet materials, which ensures high accuracy. The design is characterized by significant strength and resistance to fire, wind and seismic loads. In this case, the structural elements occupy minimum area, which allows you to increase the usable area of the building. In some cases, the area used expands by 20%, which simplifies the question of how to equip a spare parts warehouse.

The main advantage of such structures is the price. The average cost of 1 m 2 of warehouse is from 2,500 rubles.

Organization of loading and unloading area

The warehouse area consists of three main zones: receiving, storage and delivery. To optimize the operation of a spare parts warehouse as much as possible, it is necessary to correctly set the incoming and outgoing flow of goods. For incoming traffic, the warehouse must be equipped with convenient access roads, warehouse gates and platforms for convenient loading and unloading of goods.

Important!

The wrong approach is to organize the incoming flow from an area adjacent to the warehouse when the warehouse is located as part of a larger station. If the warehouse is not on the ground floor, it is recommended to install a freight elevator.

For convenient and prompt acceptance of goods, it is necessary to provide a “bridge” between the floor of the warehouse and the side of the truck that delivers the products to the warehouse. For this purpose, special dock levelers or dockwellers are used:

In the case where the warehouse is part of a city or regional representative office of the brand, the outgoing flow should be divided into 2 parts - exit to the repair and maintenance area, and delivery to the client area, where direct sales are carried out. There is no retail in the central representative office, and all the accents of the warehouse are shifted.

example of unloading area equipment at a VW parts warehouse

By analyzing these flows, you can choose the most convenient location for a warehouse on the station territory. After this, the dimensions of the warehouse are determined. To do this, the required warehouse volume, frequency and volume of replenishment, and the speed of internal processing of goods are taken into account. There are also deeper components - assortment, seasonality, etc.

Design of goods placement in a warehouse

When planning a warehouse, you must be guided by the following principles:

Maximum convenient placement of spare parts;
Reducing the time it takes to receive products from storage;
Reducing the time it takes to receive goods and place them in the warehouse.

When taking these principles into account when deciding how to store spare parts in a warehouse, situations often arise that good idea for one task contradicts another. Here is an example of a well-designed area for storing goods in an auto parts warehouse:

Diagram of the correct placement of shelving in an auto parts warehouse (source forma-com.ru)

The storage area can be divided into the following parts depending on the groups of warehouse items:

Body parts

This group includes hoods, fenders, doors, bumpers, etc. To store them, vertical racks for storing spare parts with adjustable dividers are used. On average, one part takes up 20 cm from the width of the rack. Some parts can be nested inside each other, such as plastic fenders and bumpers. When choosing the size of this part of the warehouse, you should focus on general direction station operation.

For example, dealers’ work is aimed at simple and quick repairs, so the number of stored body parts is small. If the question is how to open a warehouse for auto body parts, then this part of the warehouse will occupy a large space.

Tires and wheels

This product group requires special conditions. In many auto centers these conditions are not met - rubber products stored in a stack or folded in a herringbone pattern. During long-term storage, this leads to deformation of the rubber at the points of contact with supporting structures. Recommended.

special racking systems for storing tires and wheels

For ease of storage, the racks can be equipped with additional elements, primarily dividers. This allows you to place not only tires, but also other auto parts on one rack. The number of wheels varies significantly depending on the type of warehouse. Regional representative offices of the brand can have up to 500 sets at a time.

Fuels and lubricants

The peculiarity of their storage is the requirement in a separate storage location. In practice, a partition is simply installed that shows a separate room. Liquids are packaged in 200 and 60 liter barrels, as well as smaller containers. If work is carried out with trucks, then the required number of barrels increases by an order of magnitude. For storage, it is recommended to use racks with grates; this simplifies the removal of smudges.

Attention. If you plan to store flammable liquids in a warehouse, a mandatory step in arranging the warehouse will be the installation

Spare parts of medium and small dimensions

They are packaged in boxes, and there are no problems with them when it comes to how spare parts are stored in the warehouse. In the average center there are 2-3 thousand items of small-sized spare parts. It is quite convenient to use containers with internal dividers for them.

Automation of spare parts warehouse

This stage of the business plan concerns large warehouses of wholesale dealers and large representatives with a premises area of several thousand square meters. However, small businesses that plan to expand will also be interested in knowing about new technologies used for automation. logistics processes in auto parts warehouses.

Most important means automation is a warehouse management system. She defines optimal routes and places to place products. The effectiveness of such a system is best seen when working with a large number of items. The management system allows you to reduce to a minimum the costs associated with processing goods, the number of warehouse employees, minimize errors associated with the human factor and speed up the order processing process as much as possible.

How to save space in a warehouse when storing auto parts?

If the turnover in your warehouse has increased and the number of product items has increased significantly
If your employees spend a lot of time selecting orders
We need to expand the warehouse, but I want to save money and not invest in the construction of new space

Consider an example that allowed us to reduce the storage area in a warehouse by 75% (from 2000 to 500 sq.m.)

For questions regarding the construction and design of warehouse premises, please contact us via the feedback form