Technology for making monuments from concrete. Granite workshop: ways of rational development. Stages of project organization

Equipment for making monuments, the choice of which was incorrect or suboptimal, is ultimately one of the reasons that lies at the root of your problem. Want proof? Please.

So, further development Your production may be interfered with by:

High wage and other personnel costs. Even if your engraver is a genius at his work, hand engraving is a relic of the past. If we're talking about that you are engaged in the manufacture of tombstones and monuments, then for you, first of all, this entrepreneurial activity, and only then – art. Thus, you can reduce the cost of manufacturing products only by purchasing engraving equipment that does not require the highest qualifications of the performer for its maintenance.
Excessive rental costs. Many models of equipment for working with granite slabs have very large dimensions, which are many times greater than the dimensions of the largest samples of products manufactured on them. And you would be happy to shoot in a smaller area production room, but the solution to the issue depends on technology.
Insufficient number of orders, interfering with the successful development of the business. This is due to one of three reasons - unsatisfactory quality of stone engraving, high final cost or high workload of production equipment. If you imagine that you can buy equipment For manufacturing monuments, which will make an almost perfect image on the surface of the workpiece, while performing it in the shortest possible time and with minimal electricity and maintenance costs, you will be able to increase your financial indicators. Thus, the solution to the issue again comes down to equipment.
Insignificant variety of stone types with which he works granite workshop. As practice shows, it is not difficult to find suppliers of blanks from any type of stone. The small range of rock varieties offered by engraving workshops is explained in most cases by the impossibility of performing high-quality work with the existing level of equipment in the workshops. Thus, once again the problem is dictated by the characteristics of the equipment used.

Granite workshop and equipment for a successful business

As can be seen from all the above reasons, the ideal equipment that can be equipped monument workshop, is an engraver who:

economical to operate and extremely easy to maintain;
has high quality and at the same time high speed performing engraving;
is able to engrave large-area workpieces, but at the same time have small dimensions;
allows for engraving on a wide range of stones traditionally used in the ritual business;
inexpensive and reliable in operation.

The stone engraving machines that exist today, which implement the technology of processing the surface of materials with a laser or impact method, in some ways meet these criteria, but in many ways they contradict the put forward criteria.

So, for example, most engraving workshops are equipped with impact engravers, which provide deeper stone engraving, but are significantly inferior in terms of speed of image execution and its cost. laser machines. For comparison, an impact engraver makes a landscape of 60x120 cm in 14-20 hours, while a laser engraver produces a similar area in 2-2.5 hours. Thus, if you plan to successfully develop your business by increasing the number of orders and with minimal investments in business expansion, you cannot do without purchasing a laser engraving machine from the Mirtels model range. In addition, we recommend that you focus on clients with a lower level of solvency than those ordering products from quite expensive types of stone, and expand the range of ritual products produced - for example, start additionally making polymer monuments using a laser engraver, making portraits and grave markers with help

Today the market offers many products. Including monuments that are installed on the graves of the deceased. Of course, at all times, marble or granite slabs and tombstones have been especially popular and valuable. But, as you know, such products are far from cheap. Concrete products have become an excellent alternative to expensive marble and granite monuments. They cost an order of magnitude cheaper and look quite presentable. And if you really want to, you can make a concrete monument with your own hands.

Advantages of concrete monuments

There are many advantages to monuments made of concrete. The most significant of them is, of course, the affordable cost. In addition, concrete products do not require any special care. They are easy to make and there are no difficulties in installation. The concrete monument will stand on the grave for decades.

Preparing for work

So, in order to make a monument or tombstone with your own hands, you should first make sure that you have everything you need at hand - tools, materials. It is also important to know the basic proportions for mixing concrete. Special attention It is worth paying attention to the containers in which the monument will be cast.

Tools

The key point of the technical line is the vibrating table for moldings. Necessary to evenly compact the solution. It is on this table that during the production process containers will be installed into which the liquid source will be poured. Next, the tabletop will make movements, they will help compact the containers. As a result, the products are strong, high quality, and durable.

! A table is an indispensable machine tool for manual labor. Therefore, you will need to purchase it for production in any case. You will have to spend from 50,000 rubles.

One of necessary tools is a vibrating sieve.

Production cannot be done without a vibrating sieve. It is needed in case the purchased cement turns out to be Low quality(sometimes it may contain foreign objects, pieces, pieces of paper, and so on). Under no circumstances should such impurities be allowed to enter the solution. Therefore, the cement should be sifted before mixing. Otherwise ready product may be unsuitable for use and will be written off as a defect. By the way, you can replace the vibrating sieve with a manual device, but be prepared for the fact that sifting in this case will take much longer, which means it is not economically viable. The price of a vibrating sieve is from 10,000 rubles.

Concrete mixer or mixer. Also a necessary thing. Of course, you can knead the solution yourself, by hand. But there is no guarantee that the solution will be homogeneous. A concrete mixer will allow you to prepare cement efficiently and, most importantly, quickly. Pay attention to the power of the unit, choose 130-165 hp. The price ranges from 11-16,000 rubles.

Concrete molds

When making concrete monuments, you can’t do without molds. If you are planning to make a simple monument, without intricate lines, an ordinary rectangular mold will do, which is quite possible to make yourself. The most important condition is that the container must have clear, even corners, the surface must be absolutely flat, there must be no chips, cracks, or other defects on it, otherwise all this will be reflected in the monument.

If desired, you can make patterned monuments. Containers for their production are sold in specialized stores or workshops that sell components for the production of monuments.

In the mass production of monuments, there must be at least 10 template forms (and this is only at the initial stage of production) - the client should always have a choice. The uniform costs approximately 10-20,000 rubles. The materials from which the containers are made are polystyrene, PVC, ABS, fiberglass.

The thickness of the container walls should not be more than 3 mm. The forms are lightweight and easy to transport, stack and store. Fiberglass molds are especially popular - they can be easily restored if damage suddenly occurs: scratches and cuts can be smoothed out with sandpaper. In addition, such containers require additional formwork and hold their shape perfectly.

Reinforcing elements

It is also impossible to do without reinforcing elements in the process of creating monuments. They are necessary to give strength to the product and durability of the final structure. As a rule, reinforcement is used whose thickness is at least 10-12 mm. A metal circle will also work. The dimensions of such elements directly depend on how much the monument weighs and on its configuration, therefore they are calculated individually for each specific case.

Cement

To produce monuments you will need cement, and very High Quality. It is best to use M500 grade concrete without additives (please note that the bag is marked D0). Don’t forget that cement will determine how durable and high-quality your product will be.

Marble chips can be used as filler.

You can use fillers, for example, marble chips will do. However, it is not cheap. Therefore, many manufacturers prefer concrete dyes: they are added to the solution completely or to a part of it that will be used for exterior finishing.

It is a significant component; its presence in concrete makes the mixture more plastic, and it is easier to remove air masses from it, which is very important, especially if you do not have a vibrating table and compaction is done manually.

IMPORTANT! Choose only for the mixture, with it the material will be much stronger. Before adding sand, be sure to rinse it: pour it into a container, fill it with water, and stir. The sand will settle to the bottom. And all the garbage and impurities will float up. After that all that remains is to drain dirty water. The procedure is repeated two to three times.

Before opening your own business in this area, it is worth assessing the number of existing players in a particular region and their offers. If the city is small, then two or three companies of the same type will be clearly cramped. Based on a study of market conditions, it will be clear what type of monuments are best made.

The production of granite, marble ritual monuments and other products from rocks. Delivery of stone is expensive, the processing process is difficult and labor-intensive. As a result, such products turn out to be expensive for the end buyer, so they are not used as high demand, such as, for example, tombstones and monuments made of concrete.

In this article, we will look at how to open your own business in the production of concrete monuments. They are in high demand among the population because they are affordable, durable, and there is no need to purchase expensive equipment for their production.

What is required to implement a business idea? The list of equipment includes four main components. For the preparation of concrete mixture a mixer is used, known to everyone as a “concrete mixer”, its cost is from 10,000 rubles for a small portable sample with a volume of 100-130 liters. Before this, the concrete is processed on a vibrating sieve - it costs about 9,000 rubles. The vibrating molding table ensures compaction of the already liquid solution poured into special blanks. You can buy a table for 15,000 - 20,000 rubles. Matrix forms cost about 10,000 rubles. It is recommended to purchase at least a dozen basic ones and order non-standard or individualized ones as needed to make monuments of different designs and non-standard structures.

Of course, such production is located outside the city limits, often renting workshops of factories or industrial facilities. With limited start-up capital, the territory of a private house or country plot is also suitable.

Investments pay off in 4-6 months of work.

Manufacturers of such monuments make money by producing concrete barriers and fences, curbs, by concreting paths and cemetery plots; in general, artistic concreting is much in demand and more popular than working with marble and granite.

Watch a video about the method of producing marbled concrete monuments

Funeral parlors are now quite widespread. However, all of them, in the overwhelming majority, are small, with a small number of service personnel and very small rented premises.

Of course, they fulfill the assigned tasks of organizing a funeral in all aspects. However, such organizations are unable to allocate resources for self-made monuments. Due to the lease of a small territory, this task becomes impossible for small agencies funeral services. And it’s easier to order a variety of goods from different manufacturers, thereby expanding the offered range.

These firms follow one of two paths. They either offer ready-made, purchased goods. The customer can inspect it in person and choose the appropriate option. Or they order tombstones and gravestones themselves, having previously agreed on the order with the client. This option is especially convenient for non-standard orders. But production is still more profitable than sales. And the production of monuments is quite a profitable business.

Market research or how not to become a dog's fifth leg

No matter how good the business idea for making monuments is, market research is necessary stage. First of all, you need to assess the saturation of the market. How many similar agencies already exist in this city? What is the life expectancy of the population? It is possible that existing firms are barely surviving in the fierce competition. Then the newcomer is definitely doomed to failure.

But where there are ten companies, maybe an eleventh place is enough. In this case, you need to evaluate the localization of offices of this type. You'll have to choose a place where there are fewer of them or none at all, taking into account, of course, everything important factors. We should also not forget about the specifics of such production. The slabs can be marble, or granite or concrete are possible. There are also metal tombstones. Each manufacturing company will choose one thing. This does not solve competition as a whole, but it adds niches for the development of different areas of this type of business. Because even the equipment for the production of monuments will be different.

Monuments made of galvanized steel and metal

The cheapest type of monuments both in price and production costs. And the production of such tombstones cannot be large-scale. The whole point is the unprofitability of this type of activity. Privately, they can be produced by factories working with tin products, producing bathtubs and buckets. As well as masters in working with metal and welding. But these are isolated cases, exceptions to the rule. In addition, metal tombstones are more capricious in use, subject to corrosion over time, and are short-lived.

Marble, granite, natural stone as the main material for monuments

In this case, one can observe a completely opposite situation. These are very expensive monuments. And equipment for the production of monuments of this type and processing necessary materials very expensive. Buying such a monument is rather a sign of status and prestige. And it cannot be widespread.

In addition to tombstones, such a company can also produce memorial plaques and various decorative elements. But this doesn't change the situation much. In order for the business idea of making monuments to justify itself, the population and status of the city must be appropriate. It would be very good if it was a regional center. And, of course, it would not be superfluous to assess the situation for the presence of such companies, their number and popularity.

Monuments made of concrete

This option can be safely called the golden mean. This type of activity is quite developed in the funeral services market and will not require catastrophic investments. In addition, these monuments are decorated with decorative elements made of marble or granite. And the quality of production makes them durable and hardy.

Equipment for the production of monuments

A positive point is the low cost of equipment for the production of concrete monuments. Its price is not much more than 50 thousand rubles. And it consists, in addition to forms, of such elements.

The vibrating molding table is the main element. It produces compaction of the concrete in the mold due to its cracking. A simpler element is a vibrating sieve. All unwanted elements, fractions, lumps are removed from dry cement using it. This is very important stage production. Because poorly sifted cement will not only lead to a poor-quality appearance of the monument, but can also cause its destruction due to the formation of cracks.

The last important piece of equipment is, of course, the concrete mixer. High-quality preparation of concrete and mixing of all its components completely influence the quality of the final product. Its price reaches 15 - 16 thousand rubles, which is slightly more expensive than a vibrating sieve.

Like the vibrating table, the mechanical screen and concrete mixer cannot be replaced handmade. Physically, a person will not be able to achieve the same results, and the loss of quality entails a reduction in the price of the product and even the loss of customers.

What are forms for tombstones? These are special matrices into which concrete is poured. They are mainly made of plastic and fiberglass. However, they are expensive. To get started, you will have to buy at least ten pieces so that the products are varied. Further, as the business expands, the range can be replenished with new forms. Some customers want to purchase an exclusive model. In this case, the form will have to be made to order, which will consequently affect the price of the product.

As a result, the production of concrete tombstones is the most profitable business, in comparison with other options. In addition, other orders for working with concrete are possible. You can fill cells in the cemetery. This will help eliminate the need for weed control and increase the grave's resistance to natural phenomena. It is also possible to make full-length monuments or simply custom-made busts. Of course you need to take care quality equipment and variety of forms, distinguishing them from the range of competitors. But overall, this is a business that definitely has a future.

On monuments and tombstones you can organize highly profitable business, taking into account all possible pitfalls. First of all, you need to study the level of competition in your region. Sometimes even one manufacturer in small town can cover all demand. But often such companies specialize in the production of one type of monument. Therefore, it is important to first study what competitors’ businesses are based on, and then choose your own direction.

Types of monuments

First of all, monuments and slabs can be of different shapes and scales:

memorial complex - in this case, in addition to the monument itself, a fence, a small table, and seating are installed;
sculpture according to an individual sketch;
concrete or stone cross with or without photograph;
a standard rectangular plate with a photograph, name and period of life.

Based on the material used, monuments are:

Metal. Usually galvanized metal is used. It has a low cost and, accordingly, gives low profits. Usually organized as an additional production.
Stone from rocks. Production requires large costs for the supply of raw materials and the purchase of equipment. It is impossible to organize any additional production. Therefore, it makes sense to open such production in big cities.
Stone made from artificial stone. The raw material is natural stone granules bonded with polyester resin. Usually, marble chips or polymer granite are purchased for this. Then the production time of the product is noticeably reduced, since such material is easier to process. The advantage of this production is that the appearance of the products is practically no different from those made from natural stone.
Concrete. Often complemented with stone elements. Inexpensive production, which allows you to simultaneously produce other dimensional elements. The quality of the products is not inferior to other types of raw materials.

We draw up a business plan

The business plan should provide for the following stages of starting a business:

company registration;
opening of order stores;
study of production technology;
organization of production;
study of product installation technology.

Regardless of the form of business organization, individual entrepreneur or LLC, during registration you must indicate OKVED 26.70.2 (cutting, processing and finishing of stone for monuments). If you decide to master the production of concrete products, you must indicate OKVED 26.66 (production of concrete, gypsum and cement products). For taxation we choose UTII.

It is better to organize a sales store or an order collection point directly at the cemetery. It is also possible in residential and office areas of the city, where there is a large flow of people. Here you need to purchase office equipment: furniture, catalogs, office equipment, signage, a sign with the work schedule.

The production premises must occupy an area of 70 square meters. m. The ideal option is to rent space at the factory, but your own garage is also suitable. It is important that equipment and raw materials fit there.

Equipment for concrete products

To cast concrete forms, you will need the following equipment:

a concrete mixer, which will cost 11.5-16 thousand rubles;
a vibrating sieve to sift sand and cement, which will cost 10-14 thousand rubles;
vibration table costing 47-55 thousand rubles;
molds for production: from 12 pieces of different shapes, configurations, costing 10-20 thousand rubles. piece (you can save money by buying not a hard, but a plastic product for 2-4 thousand rubles a piece).

Please note that with an individual sketch, the form must also be made individually to order. This will cost another 23-27 thousand rubles.

Equipment for stone products

This option requires purchasing the following equipment:

hand tools;
hoist and hydraulic trolley;
racks;
wheels for fine and coarse grinding;
polishing and engraving tables;
circles for cutting metals and stones;
polishing machine;
edger;
corner grinding machines;
perforator;
engraving tool.

For marble and granite chips, the procurement plan must include exclusively rigid forms. Sometimes they are replaced with formwork. Be that as it may, procurement must be included in the business plan welding machine and a grinding machine. For the latter, the room must be equipped with a drainage hole with cleaning. To engrave a stone, you need to buy a special computer machine, which costs from 4 thousand dollars. To work on it, it is better to hire an engraver.

Optional equipment

If your business plan includes, among other things, the provision of monument installation services, you must purchase:

cement mortar;
wooden beams;
pipes with a diameter of 4-5 cm;
shovel;
hammer;
level.

Technologies for making monuments

The concrete mixture is prepared from three parts sand, part cement and plasticizers. To give the product a certain color, you can use the appropriate iron oxide pigments. Some technologies allow the use of several pigments of different colors.

When processing stone, it is worth considering that granite is much harder than marble. To reduce the cost of producing monuments, you can not buy machines, but purchase blanks that have already been polished.

To make a slab of marble chips, take 3 parts of water and cement, 5 parts of marble and mix it all in a concrete mixer for no more than 5 minutes. Then the mixture is poured into the mold and placed on a vibrating table for 5-7 minutes. After which the slab is dried for 2 days at a temperature of 16-20 o C, and then kept for another 2 days. Only after this can you begin decorative processing.

Approximate case calculations

When calculating the profitability of the business, include in the business plan the rental of premises, the cost of blanks for monuments, and the cost of engraving. On average, the cost of engraving ranges from 10 to 50 rubles. Preparation for the monument will cost 4 thousand rubles. This will include a stand and a flower bed. In total, the production of an engraved monument will cost approximately 20 thousand rubles.

The payback plan depends on how effectively the marketing policy is built. For example, an engraving machine can pay for itself in 3 months if you complete five orders for engraving portraits every day. The average cost of such work is one thousand rubles.