Research paper what doves love. Research work "Dove - the bird of our village." Relevance and practical significance of the topic

Section: Educational projects

Topic: “Dove-bird of peace”

Scientific supervisor:
Medvedeva Olga Vladimirovna
primary school teacher

c. Isakli

2016
Content

Introduction.. 3 pages.
1. Main part 4 pages.
1.1.Dove. What kind of bird? .4 p.
1.2.The image of a dove in legends and myths 4 – 5 pp.
1.3.Good news. Bird of the world 5 – 6 pp.
1.4.Types of pigeons 7-8 pp.
2. Breeding pigeons
2.1.Construction of a dovecote....................................8 – 9 pages.
2.2 Food. My experiment and conclusions.....9 – 10 pp.
2.3.Conclusions..11 pages.
.
3. Conclusion 12 pages

4.Bibliography 13 pages.

5. Appendix 14 – 15 pages.

Introduction.

Relevance of the chosen topic:
Since childhood, everyone knows that the dove is the bird of peace. But rarely does anyone know why? In addition, pigeons have long been loved by people for their unpretentiousness in maintenance, fidelity and flight qualities. Why does attachment to these birds arise?
“The dove is a bird of peace” I came across this saying in the text of the Olympiad assignment. I wonder where this came from, because pigeons, in fact, are not much different from all other birds; these questions sparked my imagination and I turned to the World Wide Web for answers
My uncle breeds pigeons. Therefore, I decided to learn as much as possible about this extraordinary bird, about its habits, development, and to answer the question regarding people’s attachment to pigeons, including my uncle.

Research hypothesis:
Pigeons – amazing birds which can be bred at home. They bring people joy. Contact with them - best way replenish your vitality reserves.
I suppose that a true passion for pigeons and communication with them makes a person kinder, purer in soul and nobler in heart. Pigeon breeders can spend hours watching their pets perform miracles of aerobatics and soar into the air, their plumage sparkling in the sun. At the same time, the soul comes to life, all worries and sorrows recede away. This is one of the pleasures that a person gets from communicating with nature.

Purpose of the study:
answer the question “Why is the dove considered the bird of peace?”;

Research objectives:
a) study the living conditions of pigeons in the dovecote;
b) get acquainted with the history of bird breeding;
c) determine the dietary preferences of pigeons;
d) attract the attention of classmates that breeding pigeons is a responsible and exciting business;
e) find out why the dove is called the bird of peace.
Object of study:
Dovecotes.

Research methods:
a) observation and communication with pigeons;
b) diet analysis;
c) selection of literature, study of Internet resources.
1. Main part.

Pigeon. What kind of bird?

The pigeon is so familiar that sometimes we don’t notice it. He lives next to us, tries to be closer to the person. But are we happy about such a neighborhood?
PIGEONS (pigeonidae), family of birds of the order Pigeonidae. About 290 species, grouped into 41 genera. The common ancestor of all domestic pigeons is the wild rock pigeon. The body of pigeons is dense, the head is small, the neck is short, the wings are usually long and sharp, the tail is of medium length and rounded. The legs are short, four-toed, the fingers are long, with short strong claws. The beak is small, straight, thin at the base, and somewhat swollen towards the apex. The base of the beak is covered with a soft waxy skin. The plumage of pigeons is thick and dense, of varied, often bright colors. Males are larger than females and do not differ in color. Widely distributed in the world. In Russia there are rock pigeons, wood pigeons, turtle doves, etc. Most species are forest dwellers, some live in rocks, cliffs, and human structures. Pigeons lead a strictly diurnal lifestyle. Food is usually collected on the ground, which is why they walk well. They fly beautifully: easily, quickly, and can make sharp turns. These are social birds. Most often they live in flocks, sometimes of enormous size. Pigeons feed mainly on plant seeds.
Pigeons belong to the oldest domestic animals. The history of their domestication dates back thousands of years BC. In the early Middle Ages they spread throughout the world. About 200 breeds of domestic pigeons are bred in Russia.

The image of a dove in legends and myths.

It all started back in ancient times. People believed that the pigeon did not have a gallbladder, and therefore it was pure and kind. Many peoples revered him as sacred bird, symbol of fertility.

The ancient Romans, even before our era, had a legend about how the doves of the goddess of love Venus built their nest in the helmet of the god of war Mars, and the god of war, so as not to destroy their nest, abandoned another bloody undertaking.
In the sacred scriptures of Judaism and Christianity, Noah released a dove from his ark three times in the hope that it would bring news of the end of the global flood. The first time the dove returned with nothing, the second time it brought an olive branch in its beak, and the third time it did not return at all, which meant that “the water had disappeared from the earth.”
Since then, the dove has come to represent good news and peace in many nations, a symbol that is often used in our time.
In China, the dove is a symbol of longevity, fidelity, order, respect for elders, spring and voluptuousness. In Ancient Greece and Rome, the dove symbolized love and renewal of life, since in the myths Zeus was fed by doves. Therefore, the emblem of Athena became a dove with an olive branch, as a symbol of new life. Among the Jews, white doves became a symbol of purity, but nevertheless they were sacrificed there. In Hinduism, pigeons act as messengers to the god of the dead. In Japanese culture, a dove with a sword means the end of all wars and civil strife.
Since ancient times, the dove has been considered a symbol of peace and love. In the East, this bird was sacred and was revered as the messenger of the gods. Also in ancient times they believed that the devil could take on any form except a dove, a donkey and a sheep.
Legends of love and fidelity are associated with this bird. After all, pigeons live with one partner and choose him for life. The male, courting the female, spins around her, inflates his neck, bends his head to the ground and spreads his wings. This dance is certainly accompanied by loud cooing. After the ceremony is over, the male and female groom each other - they clean their feathers and “kiss”, touching their beaks. These birds have love and tenderness, loyalty and jealousy.

1.3. Good news, bird of peace.

Dove of peace is an expression that gained popularity after the end of World War II in connection with the activities of the World Peace Congress.
The dove is considered everywhere to be a bird that brings goodness. The dove was officially declared a bird of peace in 1949, after the war at the World Peace Congress, because the dove was used as a postman carrying letters on its legs during the war. Since then, the dove has received the title of “bird of peace.”
The emblem of this congress was painted by Pablo Picasso. The emblem depicts a white dove carrying an olive branch in its beak. There is a tradition of releasing white doves as a symbol of peaceful intentions.
The choice of a dove as a symbol of peace seems somewhat strange, since pigeons are quite aggressive animals, often starting fights in the fight for food or nesting places. Even in ancient times, the dove was considered a symbol of fertility, and subsequently peace. Because of its devotion to its offspring, the dove symbolized maternal feelings. Sometimes the dove was a sign of wisdom.
The dove was depicted on the scepters of some rulers, symbolizing the power sent to them by God.
Prolific, feeding on any seeds and insects, pigeons aroused the interest of humans as soon as he tried their meat. Unpretentious birds were bred for meat back in Ancient Egypt. Pigeons were easily tamed and became attached to the house. Even when flying far from the dovecote, they always returned back. People began to use this feature of pigeons.
It is so arranged by the Creator that pigeons are very attached to their nest. If they are separated, they can starve for several days. Many pigeons return back to their homeland. And it’s amazing how they find their way, because they often have to cover distances of hundreds of kilometers.
Taking away the pigeon, the man taught it to find the way to the house with more and more remote location. After such training, the bird, even taken hundreds of kilometers, returned back quite quickly. The navigational abilities of pigeons help them correctly determine the direction to home. When a pigeon flies to familiar places, it finds its way to the dovecote using landmarks that it remembered during training flights.
When going on military campaigns or travels, people took trained pigeons with them. When it was necessary to convey a message home, a note was tied to the pigeon's neck or paw and the bird was released. The dove was flying to its native land, and the recipient of the message could only regularly check the mail by looking into the dovecote. Pigeon mail probably originated in ancient times, in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Mention of carrier pigeons is found in many medieval historical chronicles.
In Russia, the first regular postal pigeon communication was organized by Prince Golitsyn in 1854. And New Zealand is considered the birthplace of regular pigeon mail.
During the Second World War, in the Soviet troops, pigeons - postmen delivered 15 thousand pigeongrams!
At the end of the Great Patriotic War Very few carrier pigeons have survived in our country. The Ostankino Homing Pigeon Nursery played a major role in the development and restoration of homing pigeon breeding.
In 1870-1881, German troops besieged Paris. Then communication was carried out by carrier pigeons transported behind the front line balloons. During the siege they delivered approximately a million private letters and official documents. For these services, a monument to brave birds was erected in France. Julius Caesar actively used carrier pigeons during wars and sieges.
Nowadays, pigeon service has lost its former significance. But it exists. For example, in the English city of Plymouth, carrier pigeons serve medicine. How to urgently deliver a blood sample from the clinic to the central laboratory, especially during rush hour, when the streets are impossible to drive due to traffic jams? A pigeon delivers a test tube of blood from a hospital to a laboratory in a matter of minutes. This speed saves people's lives in emergency situations.

1.4. Types of pigeons.

Over the long history of breeding, man managed to breed large number varieties of pigeons. They are divided into four main groups: sports (postal), flight, decorative, meat. There are no particularly clear differences between them. At times, racing and ornamental breeds brought together into one group due to the multitude common features.
Wild pigeons appeared on earth 35 million years ago. The ancestor of all modern pigeons was the rock pigeon, which still lives in Europe, North Africa and the Caucasus.
Pigeons belong to the oldest domestic animals. The history of their domestication dates back thousands of years BC. In the early Middle Ages they spread throughout the world. Pigeons are called “citizens of the world” because, with the exception of the northern and southern polar circles, they live in all countries, on all continents.

Meat pigeons.
The first selections of pigeons were aimed specifically at meat production. Today, in many countries, pigeons are also eaten, so special breeds with improved gastronomic qualities are bred. It was here that various meat breeds of these birds were bred.

Flight or racing pigeons.
It was noticed that pigeons had a special ability to return to their usual places of residence - they began to be used as messenger birds. Then the man became interested in the beauty of birds and their special ability to fly. This is how special flying breeds appeared. They all have a special flight style. This group includes many types of pigeons, including decorative ones. Depending on the style and ability to fly, there are:
high-flying breeds - pigeons fly high into the sky, making several circles. Flying high into the sky, birds can stay there from 2 to more than 10 hours.
racing ones - they rise into the sky, making an unusual circular flight. Their peculiarity is the ability to make turns through the wing, as if tumbling.
fighting - such pigeons do not rise very high into the sky, but when flying they somersault over their tail. They can do both horizontal and vertical “pillar” somersaults. At the same time, during a somersault, they hit their wings hard, creating special clicks.
Rollers are birds that perform a helical flight by somersaulting through the wing. It seems that the dove is spinning around its axis.
Sports, or carrier pigeons.
Birds were used to deliver letters back in Ancient Rome and Greece. Then, in the Middle Ages, carrier pigeons were kept by kings and nobles. At that time, this was the fastest and most accurate delivery of letters. Birds were used right up to the 20th century, and even during the Second World War, birds served people with their amazing ability. But even today, in peacetime, technology, high communication and communication, pigeons do not remain without work. True, now they are simply called sports and compete in flight speed. The world center of this sport is Belgium. The ability to quickly cover long distances and navigate in pigeons is innate and is inherited. This is why other bird breeds do not have this gift.
Decorative pigeons
These birds differ from all other species in certain external decorations, for example, crests, the length and shape of feathers, the presence of growths, etc. Eat individual species pigeons that have the colors of other birds. Accordingly, they are called larks, gulls, storks, swallows and even bullfinches. These breeds are bred solely for beauty.

2. Breeding pigeons

2.1. Arrangement of a dovecote.
I was wondering, how do domestic pigeons live? What conditions are required for their maintenance? From my uncle I learned the basic requirements for building a dovecote.
It should be large enough for the pigeons to have room in it, the sun's rays should freely penetrate into it through the windows, but there should be no drafts in the dovecote. Pigeons constantly need clean fresh air and a certain humidity in the room. A dovecote can be built in an attic, barn or special premises. The attic space is the best place. It is always dry here and has good ventilation. From the dovecote located in the attic, the birds immediately get to the roof, from where it opens good review. From such a dovecote, pigeons take off not from the ground, but from a certain height.
The dovecote must be kept clean. It is undesirable to arrange it in strong sun; the room should not warm up too much in summer period.
The temperature inside the dovecote should be: in winter - no lower than 5 - 7 degrees, and in summer - no higher than 20 degrees. Electricity should be installed in the dovecote. This is necessary in order to control the length of daylight hours, as well as the condition of the pigeons at any time.
My uncle's dovecote is spacious, with enough space for every pigeon. The dovecote has perches and designated nesting areas.
IN winter period Uncle resettles the doves and pigeons in different rooms, because he believes that the winter chicks are weak and frail. But in the summer, these birds have four clutches of two eggs. Pigeons are diurnal. The droppings are used in the garden to fertilize the soil. Pigeons love to swim and are very fond of sunbathing.
When I enter the dovecote, the birds greet me friendly, they fly from place to place, loudly flapping their wings. My uncle has about 100 pigeons. Most pigeons are racing breeds. They have the most varied colors. From white to black.
The chicks are born naked. The chicks are fed special “pigeon milk” - semi-digested food that is regurgitated by adult birds. To eat, the chick leans its beak against the corner of its father's or mother's nose and licks the milk, which is more like sour cream.

2.2. Nutrition.
I consulted with my uncle, he helped conduct the research.
I learned that this bird is not a fussy eater and will eat any grain that is offered to it. We give them food twice a day. We update the water every two days.

Organization and conduct of the experiment.
Goal: find out what food pigeons prefer.
Equipment: various types feed: sunflower seed, wheat, barley, millet, peas, corn, apple pieces, pumpkin seed.
Time: autumn holidays.
During the week, at the same time, the birds were offered various foods, which were given simultaneously (in different piles). I recorded which food the bird ate first.
I entered the results of my observations into the table.

Experiment results
№
Suggested food
Food eaten first

1
sunflower seeds
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

2
wheat
+
+
+
+
+
+

3
barley
+
+
+
+

4
millet
+
+
+

5
peas
+
+
+

6
corn
+

7
Apple pieces (small)
+
+
+
+

8
pumpkin seed

+
+
+
+
+
+

2.3.Conclusions: pigeons prefer sunflower seeds most of all
in second place are wheat and pumpkin seeds;
in third place - barley and apple pieces
in fourth place - millet, peas
the pigeons remained indifferent to corn.

Based on my observations, I have developed recommendations for beginning pigeon fanciers:
1. Before purchasing birds, weigh the pros and cons and consult with local pigeon breeders.
2. Before the plant, study the features of the dovecote structure and purchase the necessary inventory and equipment.
3. Familiarize yourself with the diet for pigeons and prepare grain and mineral feed.
4. Birds should only be purchased from pigeon breeders or at exhibitions, with the help of experienced hobbyists.
5. Love your pets. Study their behavior, take care of them constantly and you will get a charge good mood, vigor and health.

3. Conclusions:

Breeding pigeons requires a lot of time and a lot of affection for them.
The dove, one of the world's most revered birds and based on the homing pigeons that carried letters during World War II, has been officially declared a bird of peace.
People become attached to pigeons because of their beauty, peculiar grace, and cooing.
Observing, caring for, and communicating with pigeons has a beneficial effect on a person and calms them down. nervous system, relieves stress, improves mood, gives vitality.

4. Conclusion.

Summing up my work, I can conclude that the goal I set has been achieved. Having studied reference and popular science literature, I was able to learn a lot about the pigeon interesting facts. The dove is often mentioned in ancient legends and traditions. The pigeon can reach speeds of up to 180 km per hour. It turns out that pigeons feed their chicks with milk.
During my observations, I learned that caring for domestic pigeons is not an easy task. Only a person who truly loves these birds and is devoted to them can keep them.
From my uncle's stories, I realized that birds are very similar to people. The pigeon couple is very faithful to each other, they look after each other and take care of each other.
If each of us knows information about the pigeons that surround a person in everyday life, care for and protect them, then:
- we will begin to treat not only the birds kinder and more attentive, but also each other;
- there will be less evil on Earth, and our world will become more beautiful, wonderful and joyful.
Thanks to research, I realized that people’s attachment to pigeons arises because of their beauty, a kind of grace, they have a beautiful
plumage, they are beautiful in flight, and how touchingly the dove cares for the dove!
Their cooing, similar to the conversation of close people, is fascinating and serves as an example of a reverent attitude towards others.

4.Bibliography.

1. Encyclopedia “I know the world”, Moscow, “AST Publishing House”, 2001.
2. Great Children's Encyclopedia, Moscow, Children's Literature Publishing House, 2003.
3. Tatyana Plotnikova: “All about pigeons. "Ripol Classic", 2011
4. Internet resources.

5. Application.

Song of the White Dove.

To whom did the White Dove bring the news:
- There will be joy after tears.

There will be happiness after troubles,
The trace of sorrows will disappear.

There will be bread for all the hungry
Abundant on earth.

There will be shelter for all homeless people
Warm, sunny, ready.

Instead of dead zones there are gardens,
Reservoirs and ponds,

Parks, groves and forests:
The whole earth is a blooming garden! -

Why will this be so?
What will dispel sorrow and darkness,

Will stop war and death,
Will it renew the earth's surface?

The White Dove brings peace!
His flight is bold and fast;

Won't stay anywhere
He will visit everywhere

Promoting peace everywhere,
Inviting everyone to a brotherly feast.

And for peace, following him,
Rise up to fight

Hundreds, thousands of fighters -
Mothers, children, fathers!

Anyone who loves honest work,
Life, science, beauty,
Who cares will
And the fate of people is close -

Everyone will follow the Dove
And the war will be swept away from the earth!

Peace is the smile of all children,
Peace is the delight of mothers,

Peace is an abundance of all blessings,
A bold step into the future.

The world is the breath of Spring,
Whose steps can already be heard,

The first ray in the dawn darkness
New life on earth!

Spirina Natalia Dmitrievna.

13PAGE 141115

Heading 2 Heading 315

Municipal educational institution

Municipal educational institution "Peschanovskaya secondary school"

Research work
Life of pigeons

Completed:

2nd grade student

Shishlin Nikita

Supervisor:

Shchurikhina A.V.
2011

Purpose of the study: learn as much as possible about the life of pigeons.

Research objectives:

read popular science and artistic and journalistic literature about pigeons;
watch the pigeons;
draw a conclusion based on the work done.

Plan

Introduction

Breeds of pigeons
Breeding pigeons
Feeding pigeons

Conclusion
I became interested in the life of pigeons.

In our village, many people keep pigeons. My friend has a large dovecote, so I often observe the behavior of these wonderful birds. Therefore, before getting pigeons, I decided to find out more about them.

People have developed the following breeds: flying breeds - they rise high into the sky and are very interesting to watch.

There is a breed of fighting dogs - they are very beautiful,

feathers grow on their paws.

E There are carrier pigeons, they have existed for many, many years, they have been known since ancient times. They carry letters across seas and oceans. This breed of pigeons is very hardy; sometimes they don’t eat for a whole week, but still carry letters to their destination.
E There are decorative pigeons: peacocks, they have a beautiful, peacock-like tail; blue - this breed of pigeons was bred in the city of Uryupinsk, which is why they are also called Uryupinsky.
WITH Other Uryupinsky birds are beautiful, stately birds of domestic selection with the Sorochin pattern. They are very popular not only in our country, but also abroad. Blue Uryupinsk pigeons are unpretentious to living conditions, fly for a long time and at high altitudes, are fertile, and are caring parents.

Uryupinsk pigeons are shaking pigeons (the neck twitches near the head), the legs are heavily feathered, the eyes are pink, with narrow eyelids.
R They say that in his homeland, in the Olshanka village of the Volgograd region, the famous military leader Sergei Matveevich Shtemenko, almost in uniform, with a whistle and a “makhlushka”, drove pigeons with his friend, and the general’s personal driver kept honking in the car: “It’s time to go, Comrade General! About love S.M. Shtemenko's love for pigeons is known to many. Once, the deputy chief of the General Staff, and later the chief of staff of the troops of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact, chased pigeons in Dobrinka, more than once sent a helicopter specifically for them to the city of Uryupinsk and kept a huge dovecote at his Moscow dacha.

Thanks to General S.M. Shtemenko and his guarantor, Uryupinsk Vadim Churikov, recognized the local pigeon breed - “Uryupinsky” in Europe. It is believed that Churikov took our pigeons to Poland and Germany, where they won gold medals at exhibitions. Shtemenko himself also valued the “blue” or “blue-haired”, “blue-haired” birds as smart and, as pigeon breeders put it, strict - do not sit on someone else’s roof.

Pigeons reproduce very quickly. The female lays one egg, and a day later another, so as not to lose the ability to fly. The female and male incubate the eggs for approximately 15 days.

The baby dove breaks the shell with its beak and comes out of it. Then the male removes the shells. The female and male eat enough to feed the baby pigeon. They feed him this way: they regurgitate the pulp into his beak. The gruel goes into the pigeon's crop. He digests it there.

After about a month, the baby flies away from the nest, begins to peck grains and drink water.

Soon the chick “goes outside” and takes its first steps on the ground. He pecks sand, pebbles, grains. After about another month, it begins to fly and gets used to its new location.

It is very interesting to watch how the little pigeon adapts to life.

The life of flying pigeons is interesting and exciting. They rise up, sometimes above the clouds, and fly until the evening. The family Pigeonidae, or Doves, includes 285 living species, 6 species have been exterminated.

In the fauna of Russia, 12 species have been recorded, of which the nesting of 10 species has been reliably proven.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF KOZLOVSKY DISTRICT

MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"KOZLOVSKAYA SECONDARY EDUCATION SCHOOL No. 3"

KOZLOVSKY DISTRICT

CHUVASH REPUBLIC

RESEARCH WORK

« STUDYING HUMAN RELATIONSHIP TO DOVES»

(submitted to participate in

republican ornithological

scientific and practical conference of students

"Singing in the Blue Sky"

Completed by: Tulkina Anastasia,

Plotnikova Ekaterina

7th grade students

Supervisor:

Gladkova Larisa Albertovna,

Biology teacher

Municipal educational institution "Kozlovskaya secondary school No. 3",

additional education teacher

MOU DOD "Kozlovsky CDT"

G. Kozlovka, 2010
CONTENT

Introduction…………………………………………………………….3-4
“Harmless, trusting birds”……………………………..5
“Good News, Bird of Peace”…………………………………...6
Research results:

Behavior of pigeons in the cold season………………………7-8

Survey results………………………………………………………..9-11

Conclusions……………………………………………………………...12
Bibliography………………………………………………………..13
Appendix 1…………………………………………………….14
Appendix 2…………………………………………………….15
Appendix 3…………………………………………………….16
Appendix 4…………………………………………………….....17
Appendix 5…………………………………………………….....18
Appendix 6…………………………………………………….....19
Appendix 7…………………………………………………….....20
Appendix 8………………………………………………………21
Appendix 9…………………………………………………….....22
Appendix 10……………………………………………………...23
Appendix 11……………………………………………………...24
Appendix 12……………………………………………………...25
Appendix 13……………………………………………………...26

INTRODUCTION

Classification of the studied bird species:

Kingdom: Animals

Type: Vertebrates

Class: Birds

Superorder: Typical (new palate) birds

Squad: Pigeons

Family: Pigeon

Genus: Pigeon

View: Dove

The once numerous wild sisars, living on rocks and mountain gorges, along steep river banks and along ravines, have long been the object of sport hunting. But people became overly interested in this activity, and the number of sizars decreased significantly. There are fewer of them outside the cities, but in the cities themselves there are plenty of these birds. It is the sisars that we see every day in our yards, parks and playgrounds. City pigeons became semi-domesticated, stopped being afraid of people, got used to eating garbage, and spending the night in warm attics. They cannot survive in the wild.

The once existing passenger pigeons, which were exterminated by people, also did not interfere with people, did not even live directly near their homes, did not destroy their crops, harvests, they simply flew very low during their regular migrations from forest to forest and left behind a large amount of droppings on the streets and the rooftops of the city. As a result, they became the object of being caught in nets, knocked down, and then fed to pigs. Will rock pigeons suffer the same fate, if at this time they practically exist on a par with poultry? The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in order to preserve any species of birds, it is necessary, first of all, to study the attitude of people towards the fact that they live next to them.

Based on this, target our research: to study the attitude of village and city residents to what is around the majority public places(bus stops, store thresholds, train stations, courtyards) while a person is there, pigeons are encountered.

Tasks:

Study the literature on the problem under study
Answer the question: “Why is the dove considered a good messenger and a bird of peace?”
From the words of people and from your own observations, describe the behavior of rock pigeons in the cold season in the private sector
Conduct a survey “Human Attitude towards Pigeons” 3
Draw conclusions

Object of study: pigeon

Subject of research: behavior of rock pigeons, human attitude towards the bird being studied

Methods: literature analysis, observation, questioning, survey

Equipment: camera, observation diary, questionnaire

Study location: Kozlovsky district, territory of the Tyurleminsky rural settlement, Kozlovka city

HARMLESS, TRUSTING BIRDS

Pigeons are harmless, trusting and beautiful birds, familiar to man since time immemorial. Pigeons live in large flocks, do not hide from prying eyes and lead a strictly diurnal lifestyle. Many species of pigeons have connected their lives with humans - they live in cities and villages and build nests under the roofs of houses.

Peculiarities:

The body is divided into head, neck, torso, limbs
The head is small, round in shape, with a rather long and thin beak extended forward, covered with a horny sheath.
The beak consists of a mandible and a mandible
The base of the beak is covered with skin - wax
Body length approximately 34 cm
Weight 240-360 g
Gray color
Pigeons have four-toed feet, the tarsus is not feathered;
When drinking, they suck up water with their beak,
They can’t swim, they sit freely on trees;
Well adapted to flight and long walks;
They lay 1-3 eggs, hatch offspring 2-4 times per season, the hatched chicks are naked, blind, helpless, develop according to the chick type, feed the chicks with “bird milk”, are monogamous, both parents participate in raising the offspring.

Over the long history of breeding domestic pigeons, many breeds have been developed, which are divided into 4 groups:

Postal (sports) (see Appendix 1: No. 1)
Racing pigeons (see Appendix 1: 3, Appendix 2: 2)
Meat
Decorative (see Appendix 1: 8, Appendix 2: 7,9,10)

According to their special characteristics, pigeons can be divided into the following groups:

Wild (see Appendix 3: No. 2,3,4,5,6,7, Appendix 4: 1)
Exotic (see Appendix 5: No. 8,9,10,11,12)
Disappeared (see Appendix 6: No. 1,2)

GOOD NEWS, BIRD OF PEACE

Prolific, feeding on any seeds and insects, pigeons aroused the interest of humans as soon as he tried their meat. Unpretentious birds were bred for meat back in Ancient Egypt. Pigeons were easily tamed and became attached to the house. Even when flying far from the dovecote, they always returned back. People began to use this feature of pigeons.

Taking the pigeon away, the man taught it to find its way to the house from an increasingly remote place. After such training, the bird, even taken hundreds of kilometers, returned back quite quickly. The instinctive navigational abilities of pigeons help them correctly determine the direction to home. When a pigeon flies to familiar places, it finds its way to the dovecote using landmarks that it remembered during training flights.

When going on military campaigns or travels, people took trained pigeons with them. When it was necessary to convey a message home, a note was tied to the pigeon's neck or paw and the bird was released. The dove was flying to its native land, and the recipient of the message could only regularly check the mail by looking into the dovecote.

Pigeon mail probably originated in ancient times, in Egypt and Mesopotamia. In the biblical story of the Flood, the righteous Noah, who was saved in the ark, released a dove to learn about the end of the flood. When the dove returned to him with an olive branch in its beak, Noah realized that the flood had stopped and the earth had dried up. This good news, brought by the glorious bird, became the key to the salvation of mankind. Therefore, the dove is considered a good messenger; hope and faith in the future are associated with it. And the future is only possible in a world where there is no war. Therefore, the dove is considered a symbol of peace and friendship of peoples.

Julius Caesar actively used carrier pigeons during wars and sieges. About 15 thousand dispatches were transmitted using pigeons during the Great Patriotic War. Nowadays, pigeon service has lost its former significance. But it exists. For example, in the English city of Plymouth, carrier pigeons serve medicine. How to urgently deliver a blood sample from the clinic to the central laboratory, especially during rush hour, when the streets are impossible to drive due to traffic jams? A pigeon delivers a test tube of blood from a hospital to a laboratory in a matter of minutes. This speed saves people's lives in emergency situations.

BEHAVIOR OF PIGEONS IN THE COLD SEASON

Winter is a difficult time, especially for small birds. In severe frosts or snowstorms it is not always possible to find food. In search of meager winter prey, the birds begin to explore the crowded streets of cities and very quickly notice the feeders set out for them. Most of the birds cease to be afraid of people and practically walk nearby

(near shops, at bus stops, at the station, that is, where they can be fed) or they eat, almost out of hand.

We went to visit relatives and there they told us about a flock of pigeons that was feeding in their yard. Our neighbor Valentina Viktorovna told us. We asked questions, she answered them willingly.

- Do you think it is necessary to feed pigeons in winter?

Pigeons and other birds can and should be fed, especially when it is very cold. How not to feed them if, sitting on the roof of the house, they are freezing (the temperature outside is 33 degrees), shriveled up and look pitifully at how we feed the poultry. And the snowdrifts are high this year, the berries have been eaten by blackbirds; cleaning, food waste is cleaned up by agile magpies, they have nothing to eat, they can’t get it. We periodically feed the pigeons.

- How do pigeons behave when it’s very cold outside??

They want to eat and do everything to ensure that they get at least one crumb. In winter we feed them more often. When it gets a little warmer, we limit their “daily diet” and a flock of pigeons (from 15-23 pigeons, sometimes, but always with an odd number of individuals) disappears somewhere, apparently looking for another yard, where there is more abundant food. As soon as you leave a feeder with food for poultry unattended, they are right there. Where do they feel it? They walk side by side, sit on a perch side by side, eat from the same dishes, and sometimes kick the chickens out of the “basin.” When it’s very cold, we close the door to the barn where the chickens sit so that the chickens don’t freeze and their combs and legs don’t freeze. But during the day we leave a small opening for light. So these pigeons got used to climbing through this gap into the chicken coop and “living” there quietly until someone scared them away. They appear in the morning, around 8 o'clock, and disappear in an unknown direction, around 15 o'clock. We don't know where they spend the night. They didn't try to follow. But apparently there is a place.

- Perhaps these birds are causing you any inconvenience?

I wouldn't say so. They do not bring us any harm as such; they have not yet attacked crops or crops, although in the summer this flock, one might say, feeds in our “dining room.” Their rumbling is pleasant, soothing, and almost inaudible in the house, and the fact that they leave droppings behind is not scary, we are used to having chickens in the wild all summer, this is fertilizer, and a good one at that.

We observed the pigeons during several of the frostiest days, when the air temperature dropped to -30 degrees, which neighbors of relatives in the Tyurleminsky rural settlement told us about. Indeed, we tried to feed them ourselves (Appendix 7), they are practically tame, calmly walk with the chickens (Appendix 10), sit on the doors of the barn (Appendix 8), eat from the same dishes with poultry(Appendix 10), their favorite place is the roof and cornice of the house, which looks into the yard (Appendix 8), when the door is closed or slightly open, they run and climb into the barn (Appendix 10), when you frighten it on purpose, they do not fly far, they fly up the roof of the house, no further (Appendix 9), they disappeared already at 14.30, all at once. All pigeons are almost the same size, but out of 23 pigeons, 15 were the bravest, and one was very small compared to the rest, probably the youngest from the last brood.

RESULTS OF THE SURVEY

Birds are the first and most reliable helpers of humans in exterminating harmful insects and their larvae. In order to preserve our winged helpers, we must, first of all, not destroy them, and also not touch their nests and eggs. Birds need to be loved and protected not only because they bring benefits to humans, but also because they are cheerful, beautiful and, with their cheerful appearance and behavior alone, they decorate and enliven gardens, courtyards, parks, and forests.

In order to find out how people living in our study area feel about living together with pigeons, we developed 10 survey questions (Appendix 11)

As a result of the study it was irrigated 80 Human

Of these, aged 5-10 years 16

From 11-17 years old 45

From 18-25 years old 12

From 26-40 years old 10

From 41-60 years old 8

Analysis of responses

How do you feel about the fact that pigeons live in cities and villages?

Positive 56
Negative 5
I don't care 19

Have you had any direct contact with pigeons?

Yes 57
No 23

Have you or your relatives or friends ever bred pigeons?

Yes 32
No 48

How do you feel about the fact that pigeons have been hunted since ancient times to the present day?

Negative 57
Positive 5
I don't care 18

Would you be able to harm a pigeon?

Yes 6
No 67
Depends on the circumstances 7

Could you walk past a wounded pigeon?

Yes 23
No 57

Do you feed the birds (feeders, just outside...)?

Yes 33
Sometimes 46
Never 1 9

If you lived in a private house and a flock of pigeons settled on your eaves, would you be able to feed them?

Yes, of course 53
Difficult to answer 22
They would have driven us away, because... they make a lot of noise (cooing) and dirt (droppings) 5

If we assume that pigeons are subjected to mass extermination, how would you react to this:

I don't care 6
It's a shame, but it happens 39
I will miss them very much 35

To the question “How do you feel about the fact that pigeons live in cities and villages,” 56 people responded positively, 19 were indifferent, 5 were negative, that is, in percentage terms this would be equal to 70: 23.75: 6.25, respectively. This suggests that 93.75% of those surveyed are not against pigeons living in cities and villages, however, there are people who have a negative attitude towards the fact that pigeons can accompany them throughout life.

71.25% of respondents had once directly encountered pigeons under various circumstances.

40% of those who took part in the survey or their relatives bred pigeons.

71.25% have a negative attitude towards the fact that pigeons have been hunted since ancient times to the present day. But among the respondents there are those who are indifferent to this fact and those who have a positive attitude. In percentage terms, this can be expressed as follows: 6.25:22.5 in total will be 28.75%. Consequently, there is a risk that pigeons may be subjected to mass extermination, since this is almost ½ of the participants.

83.75% would not be able to harm pigeons, but there were also those who could easily offend a defenseless animal, their number in % was 7.5, and those who thought that a pigeon can be offended, but depends on the circumstances, was 8. 75.

Many of those surveyed turned out to be not as merciful as we would like, however, 71.25% would not have passed by a wounded pigeon and would have helped it in any way they could.

When it came to feeding, 41.25% of respondents answered yes, sometimes (if possible) - 57.25%, and only 1 person answered that he had never fed pigeons (birds in general).

We proposed the following situation: if you lived in a private house, and a flock of pigeons settled on your eaves (roof of the house), would you be able to feed them? The majority answered yes, of course, which was 66.25%; would drive away from what is from them

a lot of noise (cooing) and dirt (litter) – 6.25%, the rest found it difficult to answer. 10

The question of mass destruction was a control question. 7.5% answered that they did not care, the majority - 48.75% - answered that it was a pity, but this happens. And 43.75% said they would miss them. Consequently, there is hope that the sisari will not disappear from cities and villages while 60% of the population feeds and helps the pigeons to exist.

They really cannot survive in the wild:

There's nowhere to hide from the cold

Birds of prey made them an object of hunting (the birds are not timid, cannot hide, they do not have special devices for protection, therefore they are easy prey)

Inaccessibility of seeds and insects (deep snowdrifts do not give them the opportunity to get fallen seeds from under them)

Probably because the dove is a very peaceful bird, we asked the question: “Can a dove be called a “bird of peace”?” We received many statements that allow us to award this title to the bird we are studying, which is confirmed by the majority of votes (90%). The statements were of the following nature (Appendix 13):

Beautiful
Causes no harm
Graceful
Useful
Noble
Symbol of love
Kind
Peace symbol
Smart
Cosmopolitan
Represents spirituality, purity
God's bird
Adorable
Tender
Peace-loving
Postmen
Lovely
Decorate the city and the world

Analyzing various sources of literature, we answered all the questions we posed.
During the survey, our opinion about the dove as a good messenger and a bird of peace was confirmed. Many are familiar with the history of the emergence of this combination of adjectives about the bird being studied; in addition, characteristics have been proposed that, one way or another, explain the harmlessness of pigeons.
From the words of people and from their own observations, they described the behavior of rock pigeons in the cold season in the private sector. We were convinced that pigeons really do everything to feed themselves and stay warm.
The results of the survey allowed us to draw the conclusion that there is hope that the sisari will not disappear from cities and villages as long as 50% of the population feeds and helps the pigeons to exist. But in the wild they really cannot survive.

Human cruelty and frivolity cause extinction different types birds, including pigeons. For fun, for the sake of meat, many animals are killed. Taking part in our survey, many asked the question: Are pigeons really that harmful? It turned out - no. Analyzing the last question about the birds of the world, we assume that many people are thinking about what everyone can do so that stories with the disappearance of different species of birds, including pigeons, do not repeat themselves. After all, pigeons have adapted so much to life among people, they have become so integral to their lives that sometimes we don’t even consider them to be birds, we simply don’t notice them, but they are just as alive as those large, exotic, singing, with shrill voices, just as beautiful, graceful in flight and peaceful.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST

Schoolboy Yu.K. Birds. Complete encyclopedia. - M.: EKSMO, 2008
B.E. Bykhovsky, D.V. Naumov and others. Zoology. 6-7 grades. – M.: Education, 1981
Chaplina V.V. My pupils: Stories. - M.: Bustard, 2001
Pimon M.R. Animals. Your first encyclopedia. – M.: Makhaon, 2004
Stephen Parker Animal Planet. The most beautiful encyclopedia about animals. - M: Makhaon, 2000
Zakharov V.B., Sonin N.I. Biology. 7th grade Diversity of living organisms: a textbook for educational institutions/ V.B. Zakharov, N.I. Sonin. - 7th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2004

Applications

Appendix 1

 satinettes
 kosmachi
 tin-bearing

pigeons

 stately pigeons
 seagulls

14
Appendix 2

 stately pigeons

 peacock

 diamond

turtle doves

 tumblers

 drummers

 Jacobins
15

Appendix 3

 white-breasted

pigeon

 clintukh

 ordinary

 ringed

turtle doves

 wood pigeon

 Caroline

mourning

pigeons

Appendix 4

 rock pigeon

1st issue of the children's electronic mini-encyclopedia “Birds Around Us”

The classification is given according to: Kuznetsov, B.A. Key to vertebrate animals of the fauna of the USSR. Part 2. Birds, M., 1974

Order Pigeonidae -Columbiformes

Pigeon family -Columbidae

Pigeongray- Columba livia L.

Features of appearance

Medium sized pigeon. The color is bluish-gray, the rump is white. The rock pigeon is easily distinguished from other relatives by its white rump and two dark stripes across the wing. Weight 240-360 g.

Spreading

Distributed in North Africa, southern parts of Europe and Asia from the British Isles to Japan inclusive. In a semi-domestic state, following man, it settled much further north to the Baltic states, the Middle Urals, Tobolsk and to approximately 60˚ north latitude on the Yenisei.

Mostly a sedentary bird, sometimes making irregular but significant migrations.

Habitats

Inhabits rocks, mountain gorges, ravines, steep river banks, avoids forests and open spaces. As a rule, it nests in colonies. It often makes nests in human buildings.

Nutrition

It feeds on the seeds of various plants, both wild and cultivated, which it collects on the ground.

Pair formation

Spring cooing and mating in semi-domestic pigeons begins very early - in February. Wild pigeons begin nesting much later: mating occurs at the end of March - beginning of April, eggs are laid by the end of April. The formation of a pair is preceded by the energetic cooing of the male, who, while courting the female, takes peculiar poses and performs current flights.

Nesting

The nest is located in a rock crack, in burrows along cliffs, in niches, on a cornice or protruding stone, etc. It is built by a male or female and is a carelessly folded flat pile of branches and roots with a barely noticeable tray.

The clutch consists of 2 white eggs 36-43 x 27-31 mm. Both parents incubate for 17 days. The hatched chicks feed on the pulpy secretions of the walls of the parents' crops, plunging their beaks into the wide open mouths of the adult birds. After a few days, the chicks begin to receive grains softened in the crops of adult birds, but the release of a mushy substance ends in the domestic pigeon on the 18th day after the chicks hatch, and in the wild pigeon even later.

The chicks fly out of the nest at 30-35 days of age, and after a few days the parents leave them and begin the second clutch. In the northern parts of its range, the pigeon hatches chicks twice a summer, in the south - three.

Non-breeding period

At the end of nesting, pigeons gather in flocks and roam to feeding areas.

During the mating season, the characteristic cooing “kruu...kruu...”

Features of behavior

A social bird, it flies in flocks for food and to water, and in autumn and winter there are often up to several hundred birds in flocks. Where the bird is not persecuted, it becomes trusting, like, for example, semi-domestic pigeons walking along the streets big cities. Unlike semi-domesticated ones, wild rock pigeons avoid human proximity and are quite cautious.

Meaning

Pigeons are of great importance as an object of sport hunting.

Nomination " Children's project in elementary school"

If you ask yourself what birds we see on the streets of the city most often, the answer will be unequivocal - pigeons. Most of them are easy to tame and are not afraid of people. But living literally side by side with these birds, we do not see pigeon chicks. In a flock, everyone is the same size, so what the chicks look like and what they do before they fully mature is a mystery to many.

Problematic question:Why do we never see their chicks on the streets of the city, where there are so many pigeons?

Project goal: find out whether pigeons have chicks, and if so, why we don’t see them.

Project objectives:

1. Conduct a survey (questionnaire) among adults and children.

2. Study library materials and Internet resources.

3. Watch the pigeons.

4. Create a calendar “Unusual Pigeons”.

Hypothesis: I assumed that there are no small pigeons and that they are born immediately as adults.

Object of study: pigeons.

Project participants: children, parents.

Implementation period: one year.

Research methods:study of literature;conducting a survey;own observations.

Project Description

After spending sociological survey, I confirmed my assumptions. 80% of respondents have not seen pigeon chicks, 40% think they exist but have never seen them, but everyone wants to know where they are hiding.

From additional literature, we found out that there are approximately 300 species of pigeons. These birds live in all parts of the world except extremely cold areas, but most species live in tropical climates.

In Christianity, the dove symbolizes the holy spirit, purity, peace, baptism, and good news. The Bible says that the dove was sent by Noah in search of dry land after the flood, which then brought an olive branch. Having become a symbol of peace, the dove is enshrined as a monument in many cities around the world; it is installed in 33 cities.

Pigeons are heroes. With the word hero, we have the image of a brave man who saved many lives. Unfortunately, not many people know that our feathered friends, pigeons, were also heroes. In wartime, they carried out difficult assignments and often risked their lives. The most famous bird was a pigeon named Commando. In 1945, the pigeon received a medal for its courage. And in 1946, the pigeon Soldier JO was awarded for saving thousands of lives.

Conclusion: my hypothesis is not confirmed, chicks exist! And there are explanations for the fact that we don’t see them.

First, pigeons build their nests in places that resemble caves and rocks. In nature, pigeons are inhabitants of mountains, rocks and steep banks. They settle in places inaccessible to game lovers - cracks and caves, where they place nests, hatch eggs and feed chicks. City pigeons easily adapt to populated areas, since buildings and structures remind them of natural conditions and allow them to settle in places inaccessible to humans and predators. In cities they nest on roofs, under window sills, and under bridges.

Second, the chicks do not leave the nest until they grow up for six weeks. At the age when the chicks fly out of the nest, they are absolute copies of their parents, but smaller in size. Another difference is that up to 8 months, the plumage of chicks does not have the characteristic metallic sheen, like that of adults. Teenage pigeons can be recognized by their hyperactive behavior and pestering other pigeons (begging for food). Even teenagers can be found mainly near the nesting site.