Patrol destroyer. Destroyer Sentry in World of warships. Assistive devices and systems

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"Watchman"
Service:	Russia Russia → RSFSR RSFSR
Vessel class and type	Destroyer
Organization	Navy RI → USSR Navy
Manufacturer	Nevsky Plant
Main characteristics
Displacement	382
Length	64,0
Width	6.4 m
Draft	2.59 m
Power	4399-6100 l. With.
Mover	2
Travel speed	23.0-25.0 knots
Cruising range	450-500 miles (at 25.0 knots) 800-900 miles (at 15.0 knots)
Crew	67 people, including 4 officers
Armament
Artillery	2 × 75 mm Kane gun, 6 × 7.62 mm machine gun
Mine and torpedo weapons	2 × 457 mm TA

History of construction

The destroyer was laid down at the beginning of 1905 on the slipway of the Nevsky Ship Mechanical Plant in St. Petersburg by order of the Russian Maritime Department. On April 2 (15), 1905, she was included in the list of ships of the Baltic Fleet, launched on August 11 (24), 1905, and entered service on December 15 (28), 1907. On September 27 (October 10), 1907, she was officially assigned to the subclass of destroyers.

Service history

In 1911-1912, Storozhevoy underwent a major overhaul. He took part in the First World War, participated in the defense of the Gulf of Riga, carried out patrol and convoy service, and set up minefields in the Moonsund Gulf. He took part in the Irben (1915) and Moonsund (1917) operations. Participated in the February Revolution. Since October 25 (November 7), 1917, as part of the Red Baltic Fleet. In the period from April 10 to April 19, 1918, he crossed from Helsingfors to Kronstadt.

From July 1 to October 15, 1919, Storozhevoy was part of the Onega military flotilla. On October 20 of the same year, the destroyer was sent along the Mariinsky water system from Petrograd to the Volga, on December 3 it arrived in Astrakhan and became part of the Volga-Caspian military flotilla. On July 5, 1920 it became part of the Naval Forces of the Caspian Sea. In December 1920 he took part in hostilities in the Lenkoran region. In 1922, it was withdrawn from combat service, disarmed and handed over to the Baku military port for storage. On November 21, 1925, she was excluded from the lists of RKKF ships in connection with the transfer of Komstate funds for disarmament, dismantling and cutting into metal.

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Notes

Literature

• Afonin N. N."Nevki" (destroyers of the "Buiny" type and its modifications). - St. Petersburg. : LeKo, 2005. - 84 p. - (Squadron). - 5000 copies.
• - ISBN 5-902-236-19-3. Berezhnoy S.S. Cruisers and destroyers: Directory. - M.: Military Publishing House, 2002. - 472 p. - (Ships and vessels Russian fleet

). - 5000 copies.

- ISBN 5-203-01780-8.
Excerpt characterizing Storozhevoy (destroyer, 1906)
- Come on, you foxes! - another laughed at the bending militiamen entering the battery behind the wounded man.
- Isn’t the porridge tasty? Oh, the crows, they slaughtered! - they shouted at the militia, who hesitated in front of the soldier with a severed leg.
“Something else, kid,” they mimicked the men. – They don’t like passion.
Pierre noticed how after each cannonball that hit, after each loss, the general revival flared up more and more.
As if from an approaching thundercloud, more and more often, lighter and brighter, lightning of a hidden, flaring fire flashed on the faces of all these people (as if in rebuff to what was happening).
Pierre did not look forward to the battlefield and was not interested in knowing what was happening there: he was completely absorbed in the contemplation of this increasingly flaring fire, which in the same way (he felt) was flaring up in his soul.
The rows of infantry soldiers disappeared into the smoke, and their prolonged screams and frequent gunfire could be heard. A few minutes later, crowds of wounded and stretchers passed from there. Shells began to hit the battery even more often. Several people lay uncleaned. The soldiers moved more busily and more animatedly around the guns. Nobody paid attention to Pierre anymore. Once or twice they shouted at him angrily for being on the road. The senior officer, with a frowning face, moved with large, fast steps from one gun to another. The young officer, flushed even more, commanded the soldiers even more diligently. The soldiers fired, turned, loaded, and did their job with tense panache. They bounced as they walked, as if on springs.
A thundercloud had moved in, and the fire that Pierre had been watching burned brightly in all their faces. He stood next to the senior officer. The young officer ran up to the elder officer, with his hand on his shako.
- I have the honor to report, Mr. Colonel, there are only eight charges, would you order to continue firing? - he asked.
- Buckshot! - Without answering, the senior officer shouted, looking through the rampart.
Suddenly something happened; The officer gasped and, curling up, sat down on the ground, like a shot bird in flight. Everything became strange, unclear and cloudy in Pierre’s eyes.
One after another, the cannonballs whistled and hit the parapet, the soldiers, and the cannons. Pierre, who had not heard these sounds before, now only heard these sounds alone. To the side of the battery, on the right, the soldiers were running, shouting “Hurray,” not forward, but backward, as it seemed to Pierre.
The cannonball hit the very edge of the shaft in front of which Pierre stood, sprinkled earth, and a black ball flashed in his eyes, and at the same instant it smacked into something. The militia who had entered the battery ran back.
- All with buckshot! - the officer shouted.
The non-commissioned officer ran up to the senior officer and in a frightened whisper (as a butler reports to his owner at dinner that there is no more wine required) said that there were no more charges.
- Robbers, what are they doing! - the officer shouted, turning to Pierre. The senior officer's face was red and sweaty, his frowning eyes sparkling. – Run to the reserves, bring the boxes! - he shouted, angrily looking around Pierre and turning to his soldier.
“I’ll go,” said Pierre. The officer, without answering him, walked in the other direction with long steps.
– Don’t shoot... Wait! - he shouted.
The soldier, who was ordered to go for the charges, collided with Pierre.
“Eh, master, there’s no place for you here,” he said and ran downstairs. Pierre ran after the soldier, going around the place where the young officer was sitting.
One, another, a third cannonball flew over him, hitting in front, from the sides, from behind. Pierre ran downstairs. "Where am I going?" - he suddenly remembered, already running up to the green boxes. He stopped, undecided whether to go back or forward. Suddenly a terrible shock threw him back to the ground. At the same instant, the brilliance of a large fire illuminated him, and at the same instant a deafening thunder, crackling and whistling sound rang in his ears.

"Watchman"

The lead ship of Project 7U. Adopted by the state commission on October 6, 1940, but the raising of the flag and official inclusion in the Red Banner Baltic Fleet took place only on April 12 of the following year.

On June 14, a week before the start of the war, a detachment of light naval forces was transferred from Tallinn to Ust-Dvinsk. The Storozhevoy was also part of the 2nd destroyer division.

In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the destroyer was engaged in laying defensive minefields. He successfully performed the first such operation on June 24 in the Irben Strait. The second mission is on the evening of June 26th. "Storozhevoy" sailed along with the destroyers "Stoikiy", "Angry" and "Engels" at a speed of 16 knots. Boilers No. 2 and No. 4 were in action, the other two were in support. There were 75 anchor mines on deck.

On June 27 at 2.27, the Sentry was suddenly attacked by five German torpedo boats - "schnellboats" of the 3rd Kriegsmarine flotilla. One of the fired torpedoes hit the left side of the ship in the area of ​​frames 46 - 58. Judging by the force of the explosion, the bow artillery magazines detonated. The entire bow of the destroyer up to the 58th frame, along with the bow superstructure and mast, broke off and sank instantly. The first boiler room and the front pipe turned into a pile of twisted metal. The ship's commander, Captain 3rd Rank I.F. Lomakin, and 84 other crew members died. By the way, the boats from our destroyers were never discovered: for a long time it was believed that the Storozhevoy was torpedoed by a submarine...

The stern of the destroyer remained afloat. The turbines and 3 steam boilers remained operational. The sailors energetically joined the fight for the survivability of the ship; The leak that appeared was eliminated. At 16.00 "Storozhevoy" - or rather, what was left of it - was taken in tow by the destroyer "Engels", and later other ships approached. In several stages, the mutilated ship was towed first to Tallinn and then to Kronstadt. On July 7, it was brought into the Three Destroyers dock, where over the next months the pipe and destroyed metal structures were cut off, the holes were repaired, and the bulkhead on the 72nd frame was reinforced. On November 20, “Storozhevoy” was transferred to Leningrad. Restoring the ship during the blockade seemed unrealistic, and it remained mothballed until August 1942. During this time, the destroyer received additional damage: on May 24, a German shell with a caliber of 6 - 8 inches hit the area of ​​the boiler casing of the second pipe. As a result, two boiler turbofans, a steam compressor, several rows of water heating tubes, and PE equipment failed, and holes appeared in the casing and bulkheads...

But despite everything, “Storozhevoy” returned to duty! On August 9 he was transferred to plant No. 189. The restoration project was very unusual. It was not possible to make the nose part anew: in besieged Leningrad there was a shortage of sheet and profile steel, and there were no 130-mm B-13 guns. But there was a large backlog of Project 30 destroyer hulls. So the idea arose to dock the bow section of a ship of a different type to the Storozhevoy.

True, it was not possible to use the ready-made end of the hull, so they decided to build it anew, but using ready-made elements and hull structures as much as possible. Thus, the vertical keel, frame, platform flooring and plating down to the lower deck were removed from the destroyer “Organized” (S-311) laid down at Plant No. 189. Plant No. 190 delivered the stem, anchor fairleads, hull metal structures and superstructure sections, a rigid drum for the B-2LM turret and other elements. Since the width of the Project 30 ship was greater, the set of frames in the area of ​​56 - 72 had to be slightly changed in order to achieve a smooth transition from one contour to another.

The bow section was built on a small slipway at plant No. 189 in 2.5 months, and on October 9, 1942 it was launched. Over the next two weeks, she was docked in a floating dock to the hull of the Storozhevoy. From October 25 to May 1943, repairs to the ship continued afloat. Despite a lot of constantly arising problems, all work was successfully completed, and on September 10, after mooring and acceptance tests, the Project 7U/30 destroyer “Storozhevoy” returned to service. Instead of two B-13 bow guns, the ship had a twin 130-mm B-2LM turret installation (total ammunition 744 130-mm rounds), instead of 45-mm guns - 6 7-K machine guns (ammunition 9000 rounds); the rest of the armament (2 1-N torpedo tubes, 2 76-mm 34-K guns and 4 DShK machine guns) remained the same. Additionally, an English type 291 radar was installed. The hull length (maximum) increased to 113.5 m, draft - to 4.18; the width has not changed. Standard displacement was 1892 tons, normal - 2046 tons, full displacement - 2453 tons. Power and speed full speed were not measured under wartime conditions.

The restored destroyer's participation in hostilities was limited to shelling enemy positions near Leningrad.

During the war, the Storozhevoy was commanded by Captain 3rd Rank I.F. Lomakin (died on June 27, 1941), Lieutenant Commander M.P. Kuzmin (from July to December 1941), Lieutenant Commander I.Ya. Gorovoy (before December 1942), captain 3rd rank E.I. Lazo (until May 15, 1943) and captain-lieutenant (then captain 3rd rank) D.Ya. Samus (until the end of the war).

Storozhevoy is the first Soviet destroyer available to players in World of warships. This ship is located on the second level.

Characteristics of the Sentry ship in WoWs

Destroyer characteristics Sentry in World of warships shown in the figure.

Use of torpedoes - main force a destroyer on a Soviet ship is limited by range. You can effectively use torpedo weapons only when getting close to the enemy - less than 3 kilometers. It is best to unexpectedly swim out from behind the island and carry out a lightning attack. The Storozhevoy in World of Warships has fairly comfortable torpedo aiming angles.

Storozhevoy has five torpedo tubes, each with two torpedoes.

Artillery weapons on Storozhevoye powerful enough for a destroyer class ship. Three guns with a short reload time and good ballistics; in addition, the main caliber turrets rotate almost as quickly as on American ships. The firing range is up to 10 kilometers, which is good indicator not only for destroyers, but also for second-tier cruisers.

How to play Sentry in World of warships

Technical characteristics of the ship Storozhevoy indicate that on this vessel it is necessary to try to use as efficiently as possible artillery weapons, and you can shoot even from a long distance. It may not be possible to inflict a lot of damage in one salvo, but nevertheless, on a Soviet destroyer it is possible to inflict damage on enemy ships for a long time and systematically. You can save your ship from fire with simple maneuvers - changing course and speed.

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This text is a continuation of the post and describes ships of the 2nd and 3rd ranks of the USSR Altfleet.

with tenacity worthy perhaps of better use, I continued to construct my reality

Destroyers

real story

The Porter-class destroyer project was created by American designers in the early 1930s; The purpose of the new destroyers was to conduct long-range naval operations in the Pacific Ocean and support the actions of their own destroyers. The American budget for the 1933/1934 fiscal year financed the construction of 4 destroyers of the type. However, two months after Franklin D. Roosevelt became president, he signed a law according to which the number of destroyers of the type increased to 8 units.

"Porter" was a Leader, with a standard displacement of 1850 tons, with dimensions of 116 by 11.2 meters and a draft of 3.2 meters. Two steam turbines were fed by four boilers and developed a power of 50,000 hp. With. "Porter" gave maximum speed 35 knots, and the cruising range at 12 knots was 6500 miles, and at 15 knots - 6000 miles. Crew 175-194 people. Armament consisted of four two-gun five-inch 4x2 127mm/38Mark 12 turrets, and anti-aircraft artillery consisted of four coaxial 12.7mm machine guns. The ship carried two quad torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber.

alternative history

In December 1933, in addition to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the USA, which had long been expected by the world community, the “Treaty of Friendship and Military Alliance of the USSR and the USA” was signed, which turned out to be a surprise for the League of Nations. At the same time, in addition to land and water lease agreements, six contracts were concluded related to the restoration of the defense capability of the USSR.

The first was an agreement for licensed production without the right to sell 152-mm turrets to third countries, which were armed with new 152/47 Mark 16 guns with a projectile weight of 59 kg and separate-case loading. The installations had a maximum elevation angle of 60° and a maximum firing range of 130 cables at an elevation angle of 47. The frontal armor of the towers had a thickness of 165 mm.

The second agreement, on the same terms, concerned one-gun and two-gun turrets with anti-fragmentation armor with the latest universal five-inch - 127/38. These guns, with a pointing angle of 85 degrees and a rate of fire of up to 15 rounds per minute, could quite effectively fight both surface targets and enemy aircraft.

The third agreement provided for the reconstruction of the former Putilov Shipyards in 1934-1935, including their preparation for welding the hulls of cruisers and destroyers, as well as the use of large sheets in order to ensure the technical readiness of the shipyards for the laying of two light cruisers no later than the spring of 1936 .

The fourth contract was signed for the construction of six light cruisers of the original design, based on the Brooklyn-class light cruiser design - two at American shipyards, and four at Soviet ones, after their reconstruction under the third contract. A year was allotted for the period from laying to launching, and a year and a half for the period from launching to the commissioning of the cruiser. The schedule included finalizing the project in 1934 and laying down two cruisers in the USA in 1935, and two cruisers in the USSR in 1936 and 1938. The share of Soviet-made machines and mechanisms in cruisers was to be 0% for the first pair of cruisers, 20% for the second, and 80% for the third.

The fifth contract provided for the construction of an installation series of 8 destroyers, and technical assistance in the development of the project by Soviet industry.

The United States offered the Soviets Machen-class destroyers with a normal displacement of 1,490 tons and Porter-class leaders with a normal displacement of 1,850 tons

After a lengthy discussion, the Soviet delegation made a revolutionary decision, which marked the beginning of a new approach to military shipbuilding. It was clear that neither the economic nor the shipbuilding capacity of the USSR could in any way allow it to stand on a par with the major naval powers. Therefore, instead of small destroyers, or some combination, such as 4 destroyers - one leader, it was decided to build exclusively leaders, which made it possible to create local superiority over a potential enemy directly at the point of conflict.

In 1933, the Porter-class destroyer project was adopted almost without changes as the basis for the implementation of the fifth contract between the USSR and the USA:

Only air defense was strengthened, and the destroyers were equipped with 3x2 40-mm Bofors ZAU and 4x1 20-mm Oerlikon ZAU:

All eight "Americans" were laid down in 1934-1935, launched in 1935-1936 and entered service in 1937-1938.

Construction in the USSR began after the completion of the reconstruction of several shipyards in 1936, and by 1940, 24 more destroyers entered service, bringing the total number of new destroyers to 32, 8 for each of the fleets.

In addition, it was possible to restore all 17 Novik-class destroyers inherited from the Tsarist Navy:

The Novik-class destroyers were re-equipped with a standard set of weapons for the new Soviet fleet:

The twin torpedo tubes for the 45cm torpedoes from the First World War were dismantled, as were the artillery and anti-aircraft weapons. Asdik appeared on the ship. The artillery armament of the Novik-bis class destroyers were two universal single-gun turret gun mounts 127 mm/38 Mark 12, and the anti-aircraft armament was 8 twin 40mm Bofors, as well as 2x1 20mm Oerlikon. In addition, two dumpers for depth charges were installed at the stern. Thus, the once formidable torpedo ship, an “attacker” by football standards, turned into a sloop quite dangerous for any enemy - a “defender”, extremely in demand when forming any convoy in the subsequent war years.

Meanwhile, the armament of the first-born Soviet military shipbuilding, the Uragan patrol ship, was also revised:

It became clear that he had no chance of using his torpedo weapons - he was not small enough to sneak up on the enemy unnoticed, and not fast enough to attack quickly. The new Soviet concept for the use of torpedo weapons envisaged their use in aircraft, submarines, torpedo boats and, in exceptional cases, destroyers.

Thus, the torpedo tube with 45cm Tsarist torpedoes, as well as the 102mm bow artillery gun, were dismantled. Hurricane-Bis received an Asdik to search for submarines, which significantly increased the effectiveness of anti-submarine weapons, and 3 twin 40mm Bofors, which strengthened its air defense:

The Uragan-class patrol ships were the first ships built in our country after a long break. They were created on the basis of samples of equipment and weapons from the First World War and when they entered service they did not have modern anti-aircraft and navigation weapons, radio communications, submarine detection devices, etc. In addition, the disadvantages include not too comfortable conditions crew accommodation, low (relative to the technical specifications) speed, mediocre seaworthiness,

unreliable steering device.

It should also be noted that the Uragan-type TFR project had many design innovations. For the first time in the domestic fleet, a power plant operated on superheated steam; direct-acting, low-speed turbines were replaced by GTZA with high-speed turbines. The installation was compact, and its echelon placement increased its survivability. For the first time, the hull was set using a longitudinal system. Galvanizing of hull structures and welding (of non-critical parts) were also used for the first time. The SKR hulls, despite being lighter, turned out to be more durable

The accumulated experience in operating Hurricane-class ships in peacetime in various naval theaters led to a reassessment of their qualities by the leadership of the People's Commissariat of the Navy. Speaking on December 3, 1940 at a meeting of the high naval command in Moscow with a report on fleet technology, the head of the Shipbuilding Department, engineer-rear admiral N.V. Isachenkov, said about the patrol ships that they fully satisfy the tactical and technical requirements for ships of this class, not inferior to similar ships of foreign fleets built in 1930 - 1934.

Of course, the shipbuilding program of the USSR Alt was structured in such a way that as the displacement fell, the number of ships increased, that is, more patrol ships were built than destroyers - 48 TFRs supplemented 32 EMs. At the beginning of the War, there were only 4 modern light cruisers left:

№	Type of ships	True story (RI)		Alternate History (AI)
		in service	under construction	in service	under construction
	Sevastopol-class battleship
	Soviet Union-class battleship
	Heavy cruiser
	Light cruiser of the Svetlana class
	Cruiser of the "26 Kirov" type
	Cruiser type 68-K "Chapaev"
	Brooklyn-class cruiser
	Novik-class destroyers
	Leader of destroyers with a displacement of more than 2000 tons
	Project 7 destroyer
	Porter bis destroyer
	Uragan-class patrol ships
	Uragan-bis class patrol ships
	Submarine hunters
	Minesweepers
	Submarines of Soviet projects
	Submarines type VII
	Type IX submarines
	Underwater minelayers"Kalev" type
	Torpedo boats
	Infantry landing ships

Performance characteristics of real ships mentioned in the post:

Tactical and technical data	EM "Porter"	EM "Project 7""	EM "Novik""	TFR "Hurricane""
Displacement is normal, t	1850	1657	1280
Maximum length, m			102,42	71,5
Maximum width, m	11,2	10,2	9,52
Maximum draft, m		3,27
Steam turbine unit with total capacity, l. With	50000	50500	41910	7040
Full speed, knots
Economic speed, knots
Economic cruising range, miles	6500	2800	1760	1200
Crew in peacetime, persons.
Artillery weapons		4 – 130/50 mm B-13	4 x 1 102mm	2×1 102mm
Torpedo weapons:	2x4 TA 53cm	2x3 TA 53cm	4x2 TA 45cm	1×3 TA 45cm
Flak	12.7 mm machine gun	2 – 76/55 mm 34K; 2 – 45 mm 21K.	4×1 7.62mm	2×1 7.62mm

By the beginning of the 1930s, the Naval Forces (Navy) of the Red Army had only seventeen destroyers - “noviks”:

12 units on the Baltic Sea;

5 units on the Black Sea.

Such destroyers, built before the First World War, could not carry out with high efficiency the expanded combat missions of ships of their class. Therefore, in July 1931, the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR decided to provide for the accelerated creation of new destroyers in the next naval construction program. For these purposes, the Central Design Bureau for Special Shipbuilding (TsKBS-1) was created.

Project 7 destroyers, also known as the “Gnevny” type, are a type of destroyers of the so-called “Stalin series”, built for the Soviet Navy in the second half of the 1930s, one of the most popular types of destroyers in the history of the Russian and Soviet fleets. The most popular Soviet destroyers of the 1920s-1930s.

A total of 53 units were laid down. Of these, 28 were completed according to the original design. 18 were completed according to project 7U. 6 were dismantled on the slipway. One ("Resolute") sank while being towed after launching and was not completed.

Project 7

TsKBS-1 began designing a “serial EM”, which was given the designation “Project 7”. In 1932, under the leadership of the chief engineer of TsKBS-1 Nikitin V.A., the Soyuzverf commission was sent to Italy, which chose the largest shipbuilding company Ansaldo, which had many years of experience in designing high-speed EM and KRL. The commission got acquainted with the latest Italian destroyers and documentation of the Mistral class destroyer under construction, which became the closest prototype in the development of Project 7.

On December 21, 1934, the general project of a “serial destroyer” was approved by a resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense. The total number of ships to be built according to the approved project was changed more than once (increasingly); as a result, it was planned to deliver 21 ships to the fleet in 1937, and another 32 in 1938. Of these 53 destroyers, 21 ships were intended for the Baltic and Northern fleets, 10 for the Black Sea fleet and 22 for the Pacific fleet.

The construction of the ships was envisaged at factories No. 189 of the Shipyard named after. Ordzhonikidze and No. 190 Shipyard named after. Zhdanov in Leningrad, and plants No. 198 Shipyard named after. Marti and No. 200 Shipyard named after. 61 Communards in Nikolaev.

Comparison with foreign destroyers confirms that when designing new series destroyers, significant progress was achieved and the ship’s combat qualities were not inferior to the best foreign models of that time, and in terms of firing range of the main caliber guns and speed it significantly exceeded them.

Powerful artillery weapons, advanced fire control devices, good torpedoes and decent speed. The power plant, despite all its disadvantages, has proven itself to be more reliable than that of German destroyers. But the main merit of our designers and shipbuilders is that such a large series of ships was built, and built on time. It was the “Sevens” that updated the surface fleet and brought the Soviet Navy to a qualitatively new level.

Project 7-U

13 May 1937 British destroyer The Hunter, which was on patrol duty near the port of Almeria and served as an observer of the progress of the hostilities of the warring parties (there was a civil war in Spain), was blown up by a drifting mine.

In August 1937, at a meeting of the Defense Committee in Moscow, the incident with the Hunter was mentioned. A situation was analyzed when a ship with a linear boiler-turbine installation could lose speed as a result of a single hit by a shell, mine or torpedo. As a result, Project 7, which had the same power plant design, was called “sabotage.” 14 Project 7 ships that had already been launched were ordered to be rebuilt, and the rest were to be dismantled on the slipways.

The project of the improved project 7-U was developed jointly by the design bureaus of TsKB-17 (until October 1936 - TsKBS-1) and the Northern Shipyard named after. A. Zhdanov (chief designer - N. A. Lebedev). The final project was approved by the People's Commissariat of the Navy on August 29, 1938.

Initially, it was planned to relay absolutely all the ships of Project 7. However, fortunately, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense Industry I.F. Tevosyan managed to convince the committee to complete the construction of 29 destroyers under Project 7 and only relay the next 18 under Project 7U. The last 6 units under construction, which were in a low degree of readiness, were decided to be dismantled.

Thus, during 1938-1939, 18 hulls of Project 7 destroyers, located on the stocks of the Leningrad factories named after Zhdanov and Ordzhonikidze, and the Nikolaev shipyard named after 61 Communards, were re-laid under Project 7-U. To do this, the almost finished buildings of Project 7 had to be partially dismantled. A number of structures in the area of ​​the machine and boiler rooms were removed. As a result, Project 7-U ships were included in only two fleets - the Baltic and the Black Sea.

The Far Eastern destroyers, due to the intense work schedule and weak production base in Vladivostok and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, were completed according to Project 7.

The lead destroyer of Project 7-U was Storozhevoy. During factory tests, which took place in the fall of 1939, a significant overload of the ship was revealed and, as a consequence, its reduced stability. Corrective work (stability was increased by laying solid ballast), as well as the elimination of many detected defects, delayed the completion of the tests for more than a year. As a result, by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War The shipbuilders managed to deliver to the customer only half of all 18 declared ships of Project 7-U: 8 in the Baltic and 1 in the Black Sea. The remaining 9 were urgently completed and tested in combat conditions.

Performance characteristics

Frame

The main difference between the Project 7-U destroyer was the layout of the engine and boiler rooms. The appearance of the fourth boiler and their increased dimensions, as a result of which the boilers did not fit inside the hull, led to the fact that the boilers rose above the main deck by about 2 meters, eating up the volume of the central superstructures.

The body was made of low-manganese steel with a thickness of 5-10 millimeters. Most of the connections were riveted, although the stringers, part of the upper deck and a number of other elements were of welded construction. During the war, a serious drawback of low-manganese steel was revealed: brittleness. Sheets made from it, when hit by fragments of bombs and shells, split and gave a large number of fragments that damaged personnel, instruments and mechanisms. The usual “Steel 3”, used in the construction of decks and superstructures, did not crack and did not produce such fragments.

Power plant

In 1936, the People's Commissariat foreign trade ordered 12 sets of main turbo-gear units (GTZA) and auxiliary mechanisms for Project 7 ships from the English companies Metro-Vickers and Parsons. Such GTZA had a power of up to 24,000 hp. s., but they could be launched in a cold state, without preheating, which theoretically reduced the time it took to prepare the ship for going to sea.

In March 1938, turbines received from England were distributed among factories. Of the eight sets of power plants from Metro-Vickers, 7 went to Leningrad No. 189 and No. 190, and another one was sent to the Red Banner Baltic Fleet base as a reserve. Four sets of Parsons went to the Black Sea: 3 to the Nikolaev plant No. 200 and one to the Black Sea Fleet base in Sevastopol. All imported GTZA ended up on ships re-laid under Project 7-U.

Steam for the turbines was produced by 4 tent-mounted vertical water tube boilers with a side screen and one-way gas flow, equipped with loop superheaters. The heating surface of each boiler is 655 m², productivity is 80 tons of steam per hour. The steam parameters are approximately the same as those of Project 7 ships: pressure 27.5 kg/s², temperature 340 °C. Each boiler was located in an isolated compartment.

One of the disadvantages of such a system is the increased fuel consumption: four boilers compared to three for Project 7. Moreover, Project 7-U failed to increase fuel reserves: after installing a more bulky power plant in a cramped building, there is already room for additional tanks there was none left. And after laying solid ballast, the fuel oil supply even had to be reduced slightly.

Armament

Main caliber

The main caliber artillery of the Project 7U destroyers remained the same as that of their predecessors: four 130-mm B-13-2 guns with a barrel length of 50 calibers, manufactured by the Bolshevik plant. The ammunition included 150 rounds per barrel; when overloaded (according to the capacity of the magazines), the ship could take up to 185 rounds per barrel - that is, a total of up to 740 shells and charges. The supply of ammunition was carried out manually, and the refueling was carried out by a pneumatic rammer.

Anti-aircraft weapons

Anti-aircraft armament consisted of a pair of 76-mm universal 34-K installations, moved to the stern. A third 45mm semi-automatic 21-K was added. Thus, all three small-caliber anti-aircraft guns were located on the platform behind the first chimney, for which it was necessary to sacrifice heavy 90-cm searchlights (instead of them, one 60-cm one was now installed on the foremast).

The number of 12.7-mm DShK machine guns has doubled - to the two on the upper bridge, two more have been added behind the forecastle section. However, despite some strengthening compared to its predecessors, the anti-aircraft weapons of the 7-U project continued to remain extremely weak and poorly placed: from the bow heading units the ship was practically defenseless, and the crowding of all anti-aircraft weapons at two sites made them extremely vulnerable.

The experience of the first months of the war showed how dangerous it is to neglect the threat of air attacks. Therefore, already in July 1941, destroyers began to additionally mount 37-mm 70-K assault rifles on the superstructure in the area of ​​the second pipe, and then replace them with 45-mm 21-K.

In May 1942, two 20-mm Oerlikons and one four-barreled 12.7-mm Vickers machine gun were installed on Silnoye.

By the end of the war, the Baltic destroyers (“Silny”, “Stoikiy”, “Glorious”, “Storozhevoy”, “Strict”, “Stroyny”) received a third 76-mm gun mount 34-K (on the quarterdeck).

By 1943, the most powerful Black Sea air defense weapons, the Sposobny and Soobrazitelny, were armed with two 76-mm 34-K cannons, seven 37-mm 70-K machine guns, four 12.7-mm DShK machine guns and two twin 12.7-mm Colt-Browning machine guns with water-cooled barrels.

Torpedo weapons

Torpedo armament included two 533-mm three-tube torpedo tubes 1-N. Unlike the 39-Yu gunpowder devices installed on Project 7 ships, the 1-N had a combined firing system - powder and pneumatic. The torpedo's departure speed was 15 - 16 m/s (versus 12 m/s for the 39-Yu), which made it possible to significantly expand the firing sectors: Project 7 destroyers could not fire torpedoes at sharp heading angles due to the risk that they would hit the deck . In addition, a number of improvements were made to the design of the TA, which doubled the accuracy of its targeting. Project 7-U ships never had the opportunity to use their completely modern torpedo weapons in battle.

Anti-submarine weapons

The mine and anti-submarine weapons of the Storozhevoy-class destroyers were practically no different from those used on their predecessors. On the rails located on the upper deck, the ship could take 58 KB-3 mines, or 62 mines of the 1926 model, or 96 mines of the 1912 model (in overload). The standard set of depth charges is 10 large B-1 and 20 small M-1. Large bombs were stored directly in the aft bomb dumpers; of the small ones, 12 are in the cellar and 8 are in the aft rack on the poop deck.

Already during the war, the destroyers received two BMB-1 bomb launchers, capable of firing B-1 bombs at a range of up to 110 m.

Destroyer "Grozny" (project 7)

Displacement 1525 - 1670t

Speed ​​39 knots

Length 112.5 m

Width 10.2 m

Weapons:

130 mm guns 4

76 mm guns 2

45 mm guns 2

37 mm guns 3

Anti-aircraft machine guns 2

Mines, depth charges - 60 KB-3, or 65 mines of the 1926 model, or 95 mines of the 1912 model.

Storozhevoy-class destroyer (Project 7U)

Displacement 2000 t

Speed ​​39 knots

Length 115 m

Width 11.8 m

Weapons:

130 mm guns 4

76 mm guns 2

37 mm guns 3

Anti-aircraft machine guns 4

2 three-tube torpedo tubes

Mines, depth charges

Combat losses.

18 Project 7 EM units took part in the hostilities.

11 units killed

Causes of death

Navigation accidents - 2 cases

Air bombs - 5 cases

Mines - 4 cases

Of the 11 dead EVs

died without breaking the hull - 1 (Guardian)

died with a broken body - 1 (Proud)

died with a complete fracture of the hull - 9 (including EM Bystry), incl. with a hull break in two places - 2 (Resolute I and Sharp-witted)

with a break and a break in the hull - 1 (Merciless)

There were 29 cases of severe damage to Project 7 EVs.

Typical places for cracks, fractures and breaks in the hull of destroyers of Project 7 were the areas of transition from the longitudinal framing system in the middle of the hull to the transverse framing system at the extremities - places of high stress concentration.

18 Project 7U EM units took part in hostilities

Of these, 9 units died

Causes of death

Air bombs - 4 cases

Mines - 5 cases

Artillery - 1 case

Out of 10 cases of EV death

died without breaking the hull - 4

died with a broken body - 2

died with a hull fracture - 4

There were 19 cases of severe damage to Project 7U EVs.

Destroyers of the Pacific Fleet did not take part in hostilities - 11 units.

Despite the measures taken to strengthen the buildings of the EM project 7U in comparison with the EM project 7, this did not bring the desired result. The weakness of the hull design became one of the significant shortcomings of the EVs of both projects, which, of course, affected their military fate.

According to the latest data, of the destroyers of the “Stalinist” series, only one ship can claim a real combat victory - “Razumny”. It was he who, together with the destroyer Zhivochiy, handed over by the British, pursued the Germans on December 8, 1944. submarine U-387, which after that did not make contact and did not return to base.

In the history of destroyers of both projects, the Guards EM Project 7U Soobrazitelny stands apart. Its commander, Vorkov, recalled his ship’s combat path this way: “56 times the destroyer fired at enemy battle formations, suppressed more than ten batteries, destroyed up to 30 tanks and vehicles, and a lot of manpower. He used up more than 2,700 main-caliber shells while participating in artillery support for our ground forces. Convoyed 59 transports to Odessa, Sevastopol, Feodosia and the ports of the Caucasus without loss... Transported on board about 13 thousand people wounded and evacuated from Odessa and Sevastopol. He transported more than a thousand tons of ammunition to Odessa and Sevastopol. He repelled more than 100 enemy air attacks... Shot down five enemy aircraft. The destroyer went into combat 200 times, traveling more than 60 thousand miles without repairs. During the war he spent almost 200 days at sea and did not lose a single soldier. There were no wounded on the ship.”

The article uses materials from A. Tsarenko and S. Balakin.

Article from the almanac “Maritime Archives”, No. 1, 2011
Chairman of the Editorial Council Markov A.G.
Editor-in-Chief Maslov N.K.