State and development of Russian retail chains. History of retail trade Classification of retail trade enterprises

I. Theoretical part.

1. Essence and functions retail.

2. Classification of retail trade enterprises.

3. Formats retail chains on the Russian market.

4. Competition in the retail market.

5. Basic strategies for the development of retail chains.

6. List of Russian retail chains according to AKORT - Association of Retail Companies.

7. Mergers and acquisitions in the retail chains segment.

8. History of the development of Russian retail chains using the example of the Thunder chain.

Conclusion.

Bibliography.

Introduction.

Trade is the most important industry the country's economy, the state and efficiency of which directly affect both the standard of living of the population and the development of the production of consumer goods. It accounts for about 27% of the Russian Federation's gross domestic product; In terms of tax revenues to the federal budget, trade ranks second among the main sectors of the economy.

Significant changes in the economic and political life of the country that have occurred in recent years have entailed significant changes in the nature and operating conditions of all sectors of the national economy, including retail trade. Currently, retail trade in the Russian Federation is undergoing dramatic changes. These changes are associated, first of all, with a sharp reduction in unorganized trade, the rapid and large-scale development of Russian retail chains, and the emergence of intense competition between large domestic and global international retail chains.

Retail trade network - a set of retail trade enterprises and other trading units located in a certain territory for the purpose of selling goods and servicing customers. Functions of a retail distribution network: purchase of products; transportation of products; product storage; sub-sorting, part-time work, preparing products for sale; sales of products; risk taking; financial activities; informing the market, obtaining information about the market. Financial condition A retail trade enterprise is characterized by a system of indicators that reflect the state of capital in the process of its circulation, and the ability of a business entity to finance its activities at a fixed point in time. Retail trade still remains one of the most dynamic and highly profitable sectors of the Russian economy. In the conditions of economic stabilization in recent years, the situation here is only improving. The dynamics of retail trade turnover is determined by two main factors - the growth of real cash incomes of the population and the consumer price index. Both indicators show positive (from the population's point of view) dynamics - incomes are growing, prices are slowing down.

Just a few years ago, talking about expanding the chain of stores would have been irrelevant. But today the process of differentiation of domestic trade ends and the establishment of integral ties begins. And as the share of Russian retail chains in total sales increases, the problem of their development will become paramount, so the topic of this course work is relevant at the present time. IN developed countries ah, retail chains account for 60 to 90% of retail turnover. The emergence of such networks in Russia is a sign that trade is becoming more civilized. True, the very future of domestic retail chains raises concerns: as soon as they are born, they are faced with intractable problems.

The main goal modern stage economic transformations carried out in trade is the creation of favorable conditions for the effective operation of trading enterprises.

The essence and functions of retail trade.

Retail trade is a type of business activity in the field of trade associated with the sale of goods directly to the consumer for personal, household, family, and home use. This is the most common definition of retail trade contained in regulatory documents.

This type of activity is contractual in nature, and its legal basis is enshrined in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

According to Art. 492 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a retail purchase and sale agreement, a seller engaged in business activities of selling goods at retail undertakes to transfer to the buyer goods intended for personal, family, home or other use not related to entrepreneurial activity. The buyer, in turn, is obliged to accept the goods and pay for it at the price announced by the seller.

The functions of retail trade are determined by its essence and are as follows:

· meeting the needs of the population for goods;

· bringing goods to buyers by organizing their spatial movement and delivery to points of sale;

· maintaining a balance between supply and demand;

· influence on production in order to expand the range and increase the volume of goods;

· improving trading technology and improving customer service.

Consequently, the retail process consists of targeted sales of goods, customer service, sales and after-sales services.

Retail trade service is the result of interaction between the seller and the buyer, as well as the seller’s own activities to satisfy the buyer’s needs when buying and selling goods.

The classification of trade services and general requirements for them are established by GOST R 51304-99 “Retail trade services. General requirements".

Retail services include:

1. sale of goods;

2. assisting the buyer in making a purchase and using it;

3. information and consulting services;

4. creating convenience for customers.

The process of selling goods consists of the following main stages:

· formation of assortment;

· acceptance of goods;

· providing storage;

· pre-sale preparation;

· display of goods;

· offering goods to the buyer;

· settlement with the buyer;

· release of goods.

Classification of retail trade enterprises.

The classification of retail trade enterprises can be based on the following characteristics:

· Features of the device;

· Form of trade service;

· Type of building and features of its space-planning solution;

· Functional features of the enterprise;

· Type of ownership;

· Type of enterprise.

By device features Retail trade enterprises are divided into shops, pavilions, kiosks, auto stores, tents, vending machines, etc.

A store is a specially equipped stationary building or part thereof, intended for the sale of goods and provision of services to customers and provided with retail, utility, administrative and amenity premises, as well as premises for receiving, storing and preparing goods for sale.

Pavilion is an equipped building with a sales area and storage space for goods. Can be designed for one or several workplaces.

Kiosk – equipped trade equipment building without trading floor and a room for storing goods. Designed for one workplace a seller in whose area the working stock of goods is stored.

The small retail trade network also includes mobile means of distribution and distribution trade (automobile shops, carts, trays), tents, as well as vending machines.

Car shops and other means of mobile trade are used to serve residents of small settlements, as well as workers Agriculture on field camps, distant pastures, etc. They are widely used and manufacturing enterprises to sell their products in cities.

Tent – an easily erected prefabricated structure, equipped with a counter, without a sales area or premises for storing goods. Commodity stock, designed for one day of trading, is placed on the area of one or more seller's workplaces.

Vending machines are installed in stores, in areas adjacent to them, as well as in crowded places (in parks, train stations, etc.)

Trade service form– an organizational technique that is a combination of service methods. The following forms of trade services are distinguished: self-service, sale of goods by samples, sale of goods by catalogues, individual service over the counter.

Self-service is a form of trade service in which the buyer independently inspects, selects and delivers selected goods to the payment center.

The social and economic effect of self-service is that this form makes it possible to significantly reduce that part of consumption costs that is associated with the purchase of goods and, therefore, increase the free time of buyers.

Selling goods by samples is a form of service in which the buyer has the opportunity, independently or with the help of the seller, to select goods based on the samples displayed in the sales area, and after paying for the purchase at the checkout, receive goods corresponding to them directly in the store or arrange for their delivery for an additional fee. on house.

The peculiarities of this form of service are that only samples of goods offered for sale are displayed on the sales floor, and working stocks of these goods can be located in storerooms, in the warehouses of a manufacturer or wholesale supplier. This allows you to present a wide range of goods in a relatively small retail space.

Selling goods through catalogs is a form of service in which the buyer has the opportunity to make a purchase by selecting a product from a catalog in a store, at a post office, or at a wholesale enterprise. Catalog sales can be used for both non-food and food products.

The economic benefit of stores from selling food products through catalogs is determined by the receipt of additional turnover in the same retail space and the ability to rationally use the labor of store employees.

Selling goods with personalized service, including open display, is a form of trade service in which buyers get acquainted with the range of goods independently or with the help of the seller, and the seller checks the quality, gives advice, packs and releases the goods.

Stores that use a form with individual service significantly slow down the trading process, increase the time spent on purchasing goods by the population, and have less throughput. They use less effectively trade area, higher manual labor costs, a larger number of sellers is required.

Taking into account the type of building and the features of its space-planning solution Retail trade enterprises are divided into free-standing, built-in, built-in, attached and shopping complexes; they are also one-story, multi-story, with basements or without them.

Built-in store - a store, all premises of which are located within the dimensions of a residential building with a protrusion beyond its boundaries of no more than 1.5 m from the side of the longitudinal facade and no more than 6 m from the ends (when constructing covered loading rooms).

Built-in-attached store - a store whose premises are located within the store dimensions of a residential building and in volumes extended beyond the dimensions of the residential building by more than 1.5 m from the side of the longitudinal facade and by more than 6 m from the ends (when constructing covered loading rooms) .

Attached store - a store whose boundary wall (or walls) is common or adjacent to the walls of a residential building.

Taking into account functional features The following types of retail trade are distinguished:

1. trade through a stationary distribution network;

2. trade through a mobile trading network;

3. trade in forwarding (paid, ordered) goods.

A stationary retail network is the basis of retail trade. She represents retail premises located in specially equipped and intended for trading buildings and structures, firmly connected by the foundation with land plot and connected to utilities. The entire stationary network consists of retail and small retail trade facilities.

Stationary retail facilities:

1. shops;

2. pavilions with a sales area.

Stationary objects of small retail trade:

1. tents;

2. kiosks;

3. vending machines.

Mobile trade is non-stationary and represents shopping facilities, installed without buried foundations, regardless of connection to city utilities, building structures and dimensions.

Mobile means of distribution and distribution trade:

1. trolleys;

2. auto shops;

3. vans;

5. stores-wagons and stores-ships

By form of ownership, retail businesses are divided into independent retailers, chain stores, retail franchises, leased departments and cooperatives.

Independent retailers. They usually own one store and provide personal service to customers. Such stores are usually conveniently located and include grocery stores, shops, gas stations etc. This is the largest part of retailers. There is significant competition in this area of trade in many countries.

Commercial network. This is one of the notable phenomena in retail trade in recent decades. They involve joint ownership of two or more retail outlets and carry out centralized purchasing and distribution of products.

Retail franchises. These are legally formalized agreements between privilege holders, which can be manufacturers, wholesalers, service organizations, and privilege holders represented by retailers. Such agreements allow retailers to carry out certain economic activity under a well-known brand and according to the appropriate rules.

Rented department. This is typically a department in a retail store (usually a grocery store, department store, or specialty store) that is leased. The head of such a department is fully responsible for its economic activities within the framework of the rules established by the lessor. The tenant receives his benefit from working in a well-known location, from a greater number of visitors and the prestige of the trading enterprise itself. This form of trade has found wide application in our country. Many store visitors use the services of rented departments - newspaper and book kiosks, trays, kiosks selling perfumes, photographic products, medical supplies and so on.

Retail cooperatives. They can be created both by traders themselves and by consumers. Uniting independent retailers into a cooperative can significantly reduce many costs associated with the purchase, transportation and storage of goods, and carry out joint planning and advertising.

Under type of retail establishment should be understood as an enterprise classified according to the range of goods sold. Taking this into account, there are department stores, specialized stores, as well as stores with a combined and mixed assortment.

Universal – selling a universal range of food or non-food products.

Specialized, the basis for constructing an assortment of products is based on products of one product group or parts thereof ( highly specialized)

Combined – selling several groups of goods related by common demand and satisfying individual needs (meat, fish, knitwear, haberdashery), as well as specializing in the sale of consumer complexes (products for women, children, household items, etc.)

Mixed, trading in a narrow range of food products , not connected by common demand.

Retail chain formats on the Russian market.

Main formats of online trading:

Discounter -(works with minimal trade extra charge, area 300–1000 sq. m, assortment - up to 2000 items).

Supermarket - (3000 – 10000 sq.m., 7000 – 20000 items).

Hypermarket -(over 10,000 sq.m., 20,000 – 40,000 items).

There are varieties such as shop " at the house" or " walking distance" (the markup is close to the level supermarket, 300–500 sq. m, up to 1000 items), small wholesale hypermarket (cash & carry, from 20,000 sq. m, 20,000–40,000 items), grocery boutique(offers exclusive products, markup can exceed 100%), etc.

Unlike Western market retail trade, which was formed gradually under the influence of changes in consumer demand, Russian retail chains began to actively operate, using the accumulated world practice in the field of established retail chain formats. This contributed to the fact that virtually all Russian retail chains present on the market are quite short time were clearly positioned by format and were able to create their image in the eyes of buyers.

Currently, the following formats of retail chains have emerged, differing in pricing, area, assortment and target audience: supermarket, grocery store, discounter, supermarket, hypermarket, cash & carry. However, it should be noted that, unlike Western retailers, there is a blurring of clear boundaries between the formats within which Russian chains are represented.

Competition in the retail market.

Today in the Russian retail market there is high competition between retail chains offering a wide range of goods of the same range within the same format. Serious competition forces retail chain owners to pay more attention to new trade formats, consumer demands in different regions, and attracting investors to their business. Exit to Russian market an even greater number of Western operators will only increase competition among current participants Russian retail.

It is also worth noting that in large cities there is an outflow of customers from cheaper discount stores to more comfortable hypermarkets. This is especially evident in Moscow and St. Petersburg: consumers tend to choose stores whose image is closest to them.

A serious and differentiated approach to consumer demand, an increase in the level of service, quality control, and the presence of entertainment components in retailers’ policies significantly influence the choice of customers.

Over the past two years, the number of retail trade enterprises has increased by more than 27%, while at the same time the number of large and medium-sized ones has decreased by almost 10%. This fact indicates the ongoing merger and acquisition processes in the industry. More major players(as a rule, federal retail chains), entering the regions, acquire local retailers.

Basic strategies for the development of retail chains.

Due to the peculiarities of the economic development of various regions of Russia, the following situation arose: both large Western and Russian retail chains initially entered Moscow, and then developed in regions where demand for them was gradually developing.

Currently, regional policy stands out among the main strategies for the development of retail chains. Large retail chains are actively entering not only large million-plus cities with developed infrastructure, but also smaller cities; This is especially true for such a retail format as a discounter.

There is also a trend towards multi-format in the market, when players begin to work in different formats, choosing the most suitable one for certain regions. For example, one of the largest Russian companies retail X5 Retail Group is exploring a new format for itself - cash&carry. If the company develops small-scale wholesale stores, it will have all existing retail formats: discounter, supermarket, hypermarket and cash&carry.

It should be noted that there is an increase in consumption of private label products from large retail chains. The share of visitors buying products under the exclusive brand owned by the chain in Moscow and St. Petersburg is about 50%.

List of Russian retail chains according to AKORT - Retail Trade Associations .

· 1C Interest - chain of stores software and multimedia

· 36.6 - pharmaceutical network

· 38 parrots - pet store chain

· 585 - jewelry chain

· 5 pockets - a chain of youth clothing stores

· Bosco di Ciliegi - a chain of clothing and luxury goods stores

· Glance - a network of salons designer clothes

· Divizion - a network of mobile electronics stores

DIXIS - network of salons cellular communications

DOMO - retail chain household appliances and electronics

DukeHolding - a network of auto stores

· FixPrice - a network of one-price stores

· Palatin - network shoe stores

· POLARIS - network computer centers

· Re:Store - a network for selling products Apple

· Real - hypermarket chain

· Simfonia - a network of mobile electronics stores

· Sunrise (Sunrise) - a network of computer stores

Avtomir - a network of car dealerships

· ABC of Taste - premium supermarket chain

· Alpi - retail company

· Arbat Prestige - perfume chain

· Fragrant world - a network of wine supermarkets

Atlant-M - a network of car dealerships

· Banana Mama - a chain of hypermarkets for children's goods

· Banzai - a network of cellular communication stores

· Behemoth - a chain of children's toy hypermarkets

· White Wind - a chain of digital equipment stores

· Betalink - a network of cellular communication salons

· Vester - retail and small wholesale network

· Thing - a chain of clothing stores

· Victoria - chain of grocery stores

Globus - a chain of discount hypermarkets

· Gloria Jeans - clothing retail chain

· Dzhinn Stroy - chain of finishing materials salons

· Dixie-Uniland - food retail chain

· Euroset - a network of cellular communication stores

· Green Country - a chain of hypermarkets

· Empire of Bags - a chain of stores selling bags

ION - a network of mobile electronics stores

· Kairos - a chain of self-service food stores in Sochi

· Carousel - a chain of hypermarkets

· Komus - office supplies

· Kopeyka - Trading house

· Copy Service

· Korzinka - retail chain in Lipetsk

· Cosmos Gold - a chain of jewelry boutiques

· Red Cube - a chain of gift and souvenir shops

· Kitchens of Russia - a network of furniture stores

· Tape, hypermarket

Letual - a chain of perfume and cosmetic stores

· Easy step - a chain of shoe stores in the central part of Russia

Line - a network of food hypermarkets in the Central Chernozem region

· M.Video - retail chain of household appliances and electronics

· McDonald's - network Catering(restaurants)

Magnit - retail food chain

· MAN is a chain of self-service stores in Volgograd and the Volgograd region. Includes two premium Gurman stores in Volgograd and the Plus chain of convenience stores.

· Maria-Ra - a chain of grocery stores in Siberia

MEGA - a network of malls

· Furniture Russia - a network of furniture stores

· Chernozemie Furniture - a network of furniture stores

· Mercado Supercenter - a chain of hypermarkets of the X5 Retail Group N.V.

· Metida - a chain of bookstores

MIR - retail chain of household appliances and electronics

· Moscow time - a chain of watch stores

· Mosmart - retail chain

· Muir and Meriliz - trading house ladies' hats and haberdashery

Nakhodka - network grocery stores

· Our block is a chain of supermarkets in the Samara region

NICS - a network of computer stores

O'KEY - hypermarket chain

· Park House - a network of malls

Paterson - supermarket chain

· Perekrestok - supermarket chain

· Purchase - a chain of supermarkets in the Lipetsk region

Polyana - a chain of retail stores Western Siberia

Posadsky - a chain of retail stores in the Samara region

· Pyaterochka - supermarket chain

· Radezh - a chain of supermarkets in Volgograd, Volzhsky, Volgograd and Rostov regions

· Ramstore - a chain of food stores

· Rive Gauche - a chain of cosmetics and perfumery stores

Rolf - a network of car dealerships

Rosinka - a chain of grocery stores in Lipetsk

Rostix - catering network (restaurants)

· Russian bistro - catering network (restaurants)

· SantaHouse - a chain of hypermarkets for household goods

· SBS - a network of furniture stores

· Seventh Continent - a chain of grocery stores

· Svyaznoy - a network of cellular communication salons

· Sibvez - a network of trading and service companies for household appliances

· SkoroMama - a chain of clothing stores for expectant mothers

· Sportmaster - retail chain of sporting goods

· Old Man Hottabych - a chain of stores of construction and finishing materials

· Stroymaster - a network of construction hypermarkets

· Telefon.Ru - a network of cellular communication salons

Technosila - retail chain of household appliances and electronics

· Tochka - a network of cellular communication salons

· Three Fat Men - a chain of clothing stores large sizes

· Ultra - network of cellular communication salons

· Ultra Electronic - a chain of stores of household appliances and digital electronics.

· Utkonos is a chain of stores for industrial household goods.

· Holding Center - clothing retail chain.

· CenterObuv - a chain of shoe stores.

· Tsifrograd - a network of cellular communication salons.

· Chacona - a chain of bookstores.

· Chance (household appliances stores) - a chain of stores of household appliances and electronics.

· Champion - a chain of sports stores.

· Economy - a chain of self-service food stores in Volzhsky (Volgograd region). They also operate under the “Family 24” brand.

· Expert - retail trade of consumer electronics.

· Electronics is a Nizhny Novgorod regional holding that unites a chain of household appliances and electronics stores, a food store, as well as a chain of cinemas, fitness centers, beauty salons, nightclubs and entertainment centers.

· Eldorado - trade in consumer electronics.

· Enthusiast - a network of tool stores and construction equipment, Samara.

· Enthusiast - a chain of supermarkets for tools and construction equipment, Moscow

· ESSEN is a chain of hypermarkets in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Kirov region.

· Jasper Gold - a chain of jewelry stores.

Mergers and acquisitions in the retail chain segment.

Many large Western retailers, such as the famous Wal-Mart chain , are looking closely at Russia. They evaluate any opportunity to enter a promising market, including in partnership with local players.

Capital retailers are actively investing in the development of regional chains. In turn, the most successful regional networks - Victoria, Magnit, Kvartal - come to Moscow and St. Petersburg from the regions.

The table below presents statistics of transactions in the retail chains segment for 2007. In total for the past period of 2007. transactions worth $2.38 billion were concluded. The greatest investment interest is in the food segment of retail chains (more than 87% of the total amount of transactions for 10 months of 2007). M&A transactions in pharmacy chains account for 4.7% of the total amount of concluded transactions. The volume of investments in the segment of trade in household appliances and electronics is 8.5% of the total amount of investments for January-October 2007. Retailers themselves are the most active investors in investing in retail chains, implementing their own development policies. Experts note that the return on investment in retail trade is 15-40% on invested capital.

Table. Mergers and acquisitions in the retail chain segment.

Buyer	Object of transaction	Package size	Region	Characteristics of the transaction object	date	Price, million dollars
Pharmacy chain 36.6	Atholl Farm	100,0%	Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District, Siberian Federal District	Network of pharmacies	Jan. 2007	15
Holiday Classic	Economical (265 stores)	100,0%	Omsk	Supermarket chain	Jan. 2007	8
Private equity fund	Samokhval	25% +1 share	Central Federal District	Supermarket chain	Jan. 2007	100
Unicore	Ephedra (four pharmacy chains)	100,0%	Volga Federal District	Network of pharmacies	Jan. 2007	17
Seventh Continent	000 "Citymarket" ("Traffic Light Network")	51,0%	Central Federal District	Discount chain	Feb. 2007	10
DOMO	BigMag (100 stores)	100,0%	Ural Federal District		Apr. 2007	31
Uralsib	Kopeyka (328 stores)	50,0%	Central Federal District, Volga Federal District	Retail chain - discounter	March 2007	650
UFB Private Equity Fund 1	Miracle	50,0%	Siberian Federal District (Novosibirsk)	Supermarket chain (household goods), discounter	March 2007	10
Seventh Continent	United retail real estate (29 objects)	100,0%	Central Federal District (Moscow)	Retail real estate objects	March 2007	150
Holding "Marta"	Forget-me-not (104 stores)	100,0%	Chelyabinsk	Chain of discounters, hyper- and supermarkets	Apr. 2007	50
Holding "Marta"	"Planet" (five stores)	100,0%	Kaluga	Supermarket chain	Apr. 2007	10
OJSC "New Trading Systems"	000 Region, managing 12 Pyaterochka stores	100,0%	Altai region	Supermarket chain	May 2007	12
Holding "Marta"	Three stores food network"Intensive"	100,0%	Sverdlovsk region.	Supermarket chain	May 2007	8
SPAR Retail	Verona (21 stores operating under the Pyaterochka brand)	100,0%	Central Federal District	Supermarket chain	June 2007	14
Volga River One Capital Partners L.P. and 000 "Domo-Finance"	Chain of stores " White wind- Digital"	100,0%	Moscow	Chain of household appliances and electronics stores	June 2007	14
Pharmacy chain 36.6	Health resort (48 pharmacies)	100,0%	Ural Federal District (Ekaterinburg)	Network of pharmacies	June 2007	20
URSAbank	Regionmart (hypermarket chain "Polyana")	19,0%	Siberian Federal District (Western Siberia)	Hypermarket chain	July 2007	8,5
Doctor Stoletov	Chain pharmacy (five pharmacies)	100,0%	Krasnodar	Network of pharmacies	July 2007	6
Natur Product Retail	33 pharmacies	100,0%	Russia	Network of pharmacies	July 2007	29
Pharmacy chain 36.6	Pharmacy chain (four pharmacy chains, 78 pharmacies)	100,0%	Central Federal District/Southern Federal District	Network of pharmacies	July 2007	24
REWE Group	Grossmart (130 stores)	100,0%	Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District, Ural Federal District, Northwestern Federal District	Network of hyper- and super-markets	Sep. 2007	500
Grossmart	Privoz (9 stores)	100,0%	Southern Federal District (Stavropol)	Supermarket chain	Sep. 2007	6
*Epka*	Migros M(Ramstore), 10 shopping centers + 55 hyper- and super-markets	50,0%	Russia	Network of hyper- and super-markets	Sep. 2007	542,5
United Capital Partners	Fashion continent	16,3%	Central Federal District	Retail chain of clothing stores	Oct. 2007	3
Total:	2379

History of the development of Russian retail chains using the example of the Thunder chain.

Company's mission- We work to improve the well-being of our customers by reducing their purchasing costs quality goods everyday demand, respecting the company's resources, improving technology and adequately rewarding employees.

Development strategy- Achieving the maximum coverage area of the Magnit store chain:

· Strategic direction - opening stores in cities with a population of less than 500 thousand people - where 73% of the urban population of Russia lives;

· The target audience"convenience stores" - buyers with an average income level, which makes it possible for the Magnit network to penetrate small towns and populated areas.

Further development of the network focuses on strengthening the position of the Magnit network in the Ural and Central regions:

· Price reduction strategy for regional expansion;

· Availability of sufficient funds to ensure the opening of at least 250 stores per year.

Maintaining industry leadership in cost control:

· Further improvement of the efficiency of the logistics system.

The Thunder company, the main operating company of the Magnit group, began its activities in 1994 as a supplier of perfumes, cosmetics and household chemicals.

In the summer of 1995, the formation of branches of the company began in the South of Russia: Sochi; Stavropol; Pyatigorsk.

By the end of 1996, Thunder firmly took its place in the top ten largest Russian distributors of perfumes, cosmetics and household chemicals. In the same year, branches of the company were opened in Volgograd, Novorossiysk, Armavir and Saratov.

By April 1997, the concept of development of the Thunder company as a grossery distributor was formulated. The company began to develop the food segment of the market.

In 1997, branches were opened in Nizhny Novgorod and Rostov-on-Don.

In the spring of 1998, the southern branches of the Thunder company were transferred from a warehouse work system to a cross-dock system.

The August crisis of 1998 slowed down development for some time, the company was forced to close the Nizhny Novgorod branch. At the same time, during the crisis, in a short period of time, a complete restructuring of the company's activities was carried out, the latest forms and technologies of work were introduced, which made it possible to achieve pre-crisis sales volumes by August 1999.

In 1998, work began on the development of the retail market: the first self-service store was opened in Krasnodar.
In 1999, Thunder opened 2 more branches: Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 1999, stores were opened in all major cities of the Krasnodar Territory and even in some villages.

In 2000, management decided to focus efforts on developing the retail network. All stores operating at that time were converted into discounters. The network was named “Magnit” and under this name continued its quantitative and qualitative growth.

In 2001, the Magnit chain became the largest retail chain in Russia in terms of the number of stores.

In 2002, branches were opened in Voronezh, Lipetsk and Orel.

In 2003, she won the all-Russian competition “Golden Networks 2003” in the “Regional Networks” category.

In 2004, according to the results of the “Hyperestate awards 2004” competition, which is held annually among chain companies in the field of trade, public catering and services, the Magnit chain of stores won in the category “Largest national discounter by number of stores.”

In December 2005, the company’s management received gratitude from the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin “For their great contribution to the development of the Russian economy.”

In January 2006, the reorganization of the Magnit group of companies was completed, as a result of which OJSC Magnit became a holding company.

Capital investments of OJSC Magnit in 2010 were “the largest in the history of the company,” said the company’s general director, Sergei Galitsky.

According to S. Galitsky, funds raised during the placement of an additional share issue in November 2009 were invested in business development. As reported, the company raised $369.2 million by selling 5.68 million shares (6% increase) authorized capital). In addition, the company's existing shareholders bought back preemptive right papers for $3.2 million.
CAPEX 2010 was the largest in the company's history and is focused on traditional areas for the Thunder network. The priorities continue to be the development of logistics through the construction of new distribution centers, increasing its own fleet and working to improve efficiency, which will provide the company with a significant part of the resource for price interventions aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the network,” the words are quoted general director OJSC "Magnit" in a company message.

By the end of September 2009, Magnit opened 399 new stores, expanding the network to 2.98 thousand. shopping facilities.

In 2010, the company took a strong position in the sector thanks to the following development factors:

· Flexible pricing policy and assortment matrix regulated according to the consumer's income level.

· Large-scale investment program for 2010: plan capital costs for an amount of about 1 billion dollars.

· Opening of 450 – 550 convenience stores during 2010.

· Opening of 25 – 30 hypermarkets in 2010.

· Work to improve efficiency.

IN currently The Magnit chain of stores is:

· Market leader in the number of retail facilities and their coverage area in Russia - 64 branches, 1 representative office, more than 3,658 convenience stores and 35 hypermarkets in more than 1,156 cities and towns. Currently, several dozen stores are opening per month;

· About 100,000 employees who, through their work, provide customers with the opportunity to purchase high-quality everyday goods at affordable prices;

· Latest methods and technologies in the field of merchandise distribution, sales, finance and personnel policy allowing you to effectively manage the company and reduce the price of goods for the end consumer;

· A network of distribution centers throughout the European part of Russia, receiving goods from major suppliers and preparing them for shipment to stores;

· An enterprise that has a large fleet of vehicles and carries out intercity transportation of goods throughout the European part of Russia;

· About 620 private label products.

Conclusion.

Network trade in Russia has confirmed its viability. This was achieved as a result of centralization of management of procurement and sales systems; equal partnership of all network participants; using market penetration strategies; marketing forms and methods of organizing trade and stimulating sales.

The main task today is to train qualified personnel in the field of network trading, capable of raising national economy to a higher level.

FMCG retail chains in the Russian Federation are one of the fastest growing segments of retail trade in the Russian Federation. FMCG retail chains are developing modern trade formats (hypermarkets, supermarkets, discounters, etc.). According to analysts from the INFOLine news agency, their share is about 30% of food retail, and in cities with a population of over a million it exceeds 40-50%. Trends in the development of FMCG retail chains are decisive for the entire retail trade of the Russian Federation.

An important point in attracting customers and increasing product sales is merchandising, which is actively used by key market players. Today, almost any shelf in a supermarket is a micromodel of the market. The better the product is presented on the shelf, the higher the likelihood of purchasing it. To do this, it is necessary to take into account that: The product must have a presentable appearance, must be facing front side to the buyer, the brand logo should not be covered by a price tag, excise stamp, etc. (in general, any information useful to the consumer placed on the product packaging should not be sealed), the product must be at the consumer’s eye level, the product must be placed in the appropriate product group, within the product group the product must be in the appropriate price group, i.e. if it is an expensive laundry detergent for washing in washing machine, then it should be in the place where they are laid out washing powders, among other automatic powders, and at the same price level. The more product faces on the shelf, the better.

List of used literature.

1. Retail trade networks: strategies, economics and management: strategies, economics and management. : [textbook manual for universities / E. V. Karpova and others] ; edited by A. A. Esyutin, E. V. Karpova.-M.: KnoRus, 2007.

2. Ivanovich, M. Retail networks of transnational companies /M. Ivanovich, M. Ososova //Russian economy on new paths: [current economics. problems, corporate ex. and ex. company, banks and investments, real sector of the economy, social. problems: Sat. Art. /Institute of Business and Economics.-M., 2005.

3. Valevich R.P., Davydov G.A. Economics of a trading enterprise. - Mn.: graduate School, 2006

4. Website of the retail chain of stores “Magnit” http://magnit-info.ru/.

5. Internet encyclopedia "Wikipedia"

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0 %B5%D1%82%D1%8C.

6. Vabrutova N.Yu.; Margonenko A.A. Product quality control// “Economics and Life”, 2007.- No. 11.

7. Systems for the development of trading enterprises. Collection of normative and technical documents. M., 2005.

Introduction.

I. Theoretical part.

1. The essence and functions of retail trade.

2. Classification of retail trade enterprises.

Competition in the retail market.

Basic strategies for the development of retail chains.

List of Russian retail chains according to AKORT - Association of Retail Companies.

Mergers and acquisitions in the retail chain segment.

History of the development of Russian retail chains using the example of the Thunder chain.

Conclusion.

Bibliography.

Introduction.

Trade is the most important sector of the country's economy, the state and efficiency of which directly affects both the standard of living of the population and the development of the production of consumer goods. It accounts for about 27% of the Russian Federation's gross domestic product; In terms of tax revenues to the federal budget, trade ranks second among the main sectors of the economy.

Retail trade network - a set of retail trade enterprises and other trading units located in a certain territory for the purpose of selling goods and servicing customers. Functions of a retail distribution network: purchase of products; transportation of products; product storage; sub-sorting, part-time work, preparing products for sale; sales of products; risk taking; financial activities; informing the market, obtaining information about the market. The financial condition of a retail trade enterprise is characterized by a system of indicators that reflect the state of capital in the process of its circulation, and the ability of a business entity to finance its activities at a fixed point in time. Retail trade still remains one of the most dynamic and highly profitable sectors of the Russian economy. In the conditions of economic stabilization in recent years, the situation here is only improving. The dynamics of retail trade turnover is determined by two main factors - the growth of real cash incomes of the population and the consumer price index. Both indicators show positive (from the population's point of view) dynamics - incomes are growing, prices are slowing down.

Just a few years ago, talking about expanding the chain of stores would have been irrelevant. But today the process of differentiation of domestic trade ends and the establishment of integral ties begins. And as the share of Russian retail chains in total sales increases, the problem of their development will become paramount, so the topic of this course work is relevant at the present time. In developed countries, retail chains account for 60 to 90% of retail turnover. The emergence of such networks in Russia is a sign that trade is becoming more civilized. True, the very future of domestic retail chains raises concerns: as soon as they are born, they are faced with intractable problems.

The main goal of the current stage of economic transformations carried out in trade is to create favorable conditions for the effective operation of trading enterprises.

The essence and functions of retail trade.

This type of activity is contractual in nature, and its legal basis is enshrined in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

According to Art. 492 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a retail purchase and sale agreement, a seller engaged in business activities of selling goods at retail undertakes to transfer to the buyer goods intended for personal, family, home or other use not related to business activities. The buyer, in turn, is obliged to accept the goods and pay for it at the price announced by the seller.

The functions of retail trade are determined by its essence and are as follows:

· meeting the needs of the population for goods;

· bringing goods to buyers by organizing their spatial movement and delivery to points of sale;

· maintaining a balance between supply and demand;

· influence on production in order to expand the range and increase the volume of goods;

· improving trading technology and improving customer service.

Consequently, the retail process consists of targeted sales of goods, customer service, sales and after-sales services.

Retail trade service is the result of interaction between the seller and the buyer, as well as the seller’s own activities to satisfy the buyer’s needs when buying and selling goods.

The classification of trade services and general requirements for them are established by GOST R 51304-99 “Retail trade services. General requirements".

Retail services include:

1. sale of goods;

2. assisting the buyer in making a purchase and using it;

3. information and consulting services;

4. creating convenience for customers.

The process of selling goods consists of the following main stages:

· formation of assortment;

· acceptance of goods;

· providing storage;

· pre-sale preparation;

· display of goods;

· offering goods to the buyer;

· settlement with the buyer;

· release of goods.

Classification of retail trade enterprises.

The classification of retail trade enterprises can be based on the following characteristics:

· Features of the device;

· Form of trade service;

· Type of building and features of its space-planning solution;

· Functional features of the enterprise;

· Type of ownership;

· Type of enterprise.

By device features Retail trade enterprises are divided into shops, pavilions, kiosks, auto stores, tents, vending machines, etc.

Pavilion is an equipped building with a sales area and storage space for goods. Can be designed for one or several workplaces.

Kiosk is a building equipped with commercial equipment that does not have a sales area and a room for storing goods. Designed for one seller's workplace, in the area of which the working stock of goods is stored.

The small retail trade network also includes mobile means of distribution and distribution trade (automobile shops, carts, trays), tents, as well as vending machines.

Automobile shops and other means of mobile trade are used to serve residents of small settlements, as well as agricultural workers in field camps, distant pastures, etc. They are widely used by manufacturing enterprises to sell their products in cities.

Vending machines are installed in stores, in areas adjacent to them, as well as in crowded places (in parks, train stations, etc.)

Self-service is a form of trade service in which the buyer independently inspects, selects and delivers selected goods to the payment center.

Selling goods with individual service, including open display, is a form of trade service in which buyers become acquainted with the range of goods independently or with the help of the seller, and the seller checks the quality, gives advice, packs and releases the goods.

Stores that use a form with individual service significantly slow down the trading process, increase the time spent on purchasing goods by the population, and have less throughput. They use retail space less efficiently, require higher manual labor costs, and require a larger number of salespeople.

Taking into account the type of building and the features of its space-planning solution Retail establishments are divided into free-standing, built-in, built-in, attached and shopping complexes; they can also be single-story, multi-story, with or without basements.

Attached store - a store whose boundary wall (or walls) is common or adjacent to the walls of a residential building.

Taking into account functional features The following types of retail trade are distinguished:

1. trade through a stationary distribution network;

2. trade through a mobile trading network;

3. trade in forwarding (paid, ordered) goods.

A stationary retail network is the basis of retail trade. It represents retail premises located in specially equipped buildings and structures intended for trading, firmly connected by the foundation to the land plot and connected to utilities. The entire stationary network consists of retail and small retail trade facilities.

Stationary retail facilities:

1. shops;

2. pavilions with a sales area.

Stationary objects of small retail trade:

1. tents;

2. kiosks;

3. vending machines.

Mobile trade is non-stationary and represents retail facilities installed without buried foundations, regardless of connection to city utilities, building structures and dimensions.

Mobile means of distribution and distribution trade:

1. trolleys;

2. auto shops;

3. vans;

5. stores-wagons and stores-ships

By form of ownership, retail businesses are divided into independent retailers, chain stores, retail franchises, leased departments and cooperatives.

Independent retailers. They usually own one store and provide personal service to customers. These stores are usually conveniently located and include grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, etc. This is the largest part of retailers. There is significant competition in this area of trade in many countries.

Retail franchises. These are legally formalized agreements between privilege holders, which can be manufacturers, wholesalers, service organizations, and privilege holders represented by retailers. Such agreements allow retailers to carry out certain business activities under a well-known brand and according to appropriate rules.

Universal – selling a universal range of food or non-food products.

Specialized, the assortment of which is based on products of one product group or part of it ( highly specialized)

Mixed, trading in a narrow range of food products , not connected by common demand.

Retail chain formats on the Russian market.

Basic network formats trade:

Discounter -(works with minimal trade extra charge, area 300–1000 sq. m, assortment - up to 2000 items).

Supermarket- (3000 – 10000 sq.m., 7000 – 20000 items).

Hypermarket -(over 10,000 sq.m., 20,000 – 40,000 items).

There are varieties such as shop " at the house" or " walking distance" (the markup is close to the level supermarket, 300–500 sq. m, up to 1000 items), small wholesalehypermarket (cash & carry, from 20,000 sq. m, 20,000–40,000 items), grocery boutique(offers exclusive products, markup can exceed 100%), etc.

Unlike the Western retail market, which was formed gradually under the influence of changes in consumer demand, Russian retail chains began to actively operate, using established global practice in the field of established formats of retail chains. This contributed to the fact that virtually all Russian retail chains present on the market were clearly positioned in terms of format in a fairly short time and were able to create their image in the eyes of customers.

Competition in the retail market.

Today in the Russian retail market there is high competition between retail chains offering a wide range of goods of the same range within the same format. Serious competition forces retail chain owners to pay more attention to new trade formats, consumer demands in different regions, and attracting investors to their business. The entry of an even larger number of Western operators into the Russian market will only increase competition among existing participants in Russian retail.

Over the past two years, the number of retail trade enterprises has increased by more than 27%, while at the same time the number of large and medium-sized ones has decreased by almost 10%. This fact indicates the ongoing merger and acquisition processes in the industry. Larger players (usually federal retail chains), entering the regions, acquire local retailers.

Basic strategies for the development of retail chains.

There is also a trend towards multi-format in the market, when players begin to work in different formats, choosing the most suitable one for certain regions. For example, one of the largest Russian retail companies X5 Retail Group is exploring a new format for himself - cash&carry. If the company develops small-scale wholesale stores, it will have all existing retail formats: discounter, supermarket, hypermarket and cash&carry.

List of Russian retail chains according to AKORT -Retail Trade Associations.

1C Interest - a network of software and multimedia stores

36.6 - pharmaceutical chain

38 parrots - pet store chain

585 - jewelry chain

5 pockets - a chain of youth clothing stores

Bosco di Ciliegi - chain of clothing and luxury goods stores

Glance - a chain of designer clothing salons

Divizion - a network of mobile electronics stores

DIXIS - network of cellular communication stores

DOMO - retail chain of household appliances and electronics

DukeHolding - a chain of auto stores

FixPrice - one price chain of stores

Palatin - chain of shoe stores

POLARIS - network of computer centers

Re:Store - a network for selling Apple products

Real - hypermarket chain

Simfonia - a network of mobile electronics stores

Sunrise (Sunrise) - a chain of computer stores

Avtomir - a network of car dealerships

ABC of Taste - premium supermarket chain

Alpi - retail company

Arbat Prestige - perfume chain

Fragrant world - a chain of wine supermarkets

Atlant-M - a network of car dealerships

Banana Mama - a chain of children's goods hypermarkets

Banzai - a network of cellular communication stores

Behemoth - a chain of children's toy hypermarkets

White Wind - a chain of digital equipment stores

Betalink - a network of cellular communication stores

Vester - retail and small wholesale network

Thing - a chain of clothing stores

Victoria - chain of food stores

Globus - a chain of discount hypermarkets

Gloria Jeans - clothing retail chain

Djinn Stroy - chain of finishing materials salons

Dixie-Uniland - food retail chain

Euroset - a network of cellular communication stores

Green Country - hypermarket chain

Empire of Bags - chain of stores selling bags

ION - a network of mobile electronics stores

Kairos - a chain of self-service food stores in Sochi

Karusel - a chain of hypermarkets

Komus - office products

Kopeyka - Trading house

Copy Service

Korzinka - retail chain in Lipetsk

Cosmos Gold - chain of jewelry boutiques

Red Cube - a chain of gift and souvenir shops

Kitchens of Russia - a chain of furniture stores

Tape, hypermarket

Letual - chain of perfume and cosmetic stores

Easy step - a chain of shoe stores in the central part of Russia

Line - a chain of food hypermarkets in the Central Chernozem region

M.Video - retail chain of household appliances and electronics

McDonald's - catering chain (restaurants)

Magnit - retail food chain

MAN is a chain of self-service stores in Volgograd and the Volgograd region.

Includes two premium Gurman stores in Volgograd and the Plus chain of convenience stores.

Maria-Ra - a chain of grocery stores in Siberia

MEGA - a network of malls

Furniture Russia - a chain of furniture stores

Chernozemie Furniture - a network of furniture stores

Mercado Supercenter is a chain of hypermarkets of the X5 Retail Group N.V. group of companies.

Metida - bookstore chain

MIR - retail chain of household appliances and electronics

Moscow time - chain of watch stores

Mosmart - retail chain

Muir and Meriliz - a trading house of ladies' hats and haberdashery

Nakhodka - chain of grocery stores

Our block is a chain of supermarkets in the Samara region

NIKS - a network of computer stores

O'KEY - hypermarket chain

Park House - a network of malls

Paterson - supermarket chain

Perekrestok - supermarket chain

Pokupayka - chain of supermarkets in the Lipetsk region

Polyana - a chain of retail stores in Western Siberia

Posadsky - a chain of retail stores in the Samara region

Pyaterochka - supermarket chain

Radezh is a chain of supermarkets in Volgograd, Volzhsky, Volgograd and Rostov regions

Rive Gauche - a chain of cosmetics and perfumery stores

Rolf - a network of car dealerships

Rosinka - chain of grocery stores in Lipetsk

Rostix - catering network (restaurants)

Russian Bistro - catering chain (restaurants)

SantaHouse - a chain of hypermarkets for household goods

SBS - a chain of furniture stores

The Seventh Continent - a chain of grocery stores

Svyaznoy - a network of cellular communication stores

Sibvez - a network of trading and service companies for household appliances

SkoroMama - a chain of clothing stores for expectant mothers

Sportmaster - retail chain of sporting goods

Starik Hottabych - chain of stores of construction and finishing materials

Stroymaster - a network of construction hypermarkets

Telefon.Ru - network of cellular communication salons

Technosila - retail chain of household appliances and electronics

Tochka - a network of cellular communication stores

Three Fat Men - a chain of plus size clothing stores

Ultra - network of cellular communication salons

Ultra Electronic is a chain of stores of household appliances and digital electronics.

Utkonos is a chain of stores for industrial household goods.

Holding Center is a clothing retail chain.

CenterObuv is a chain of shoe stores.

Tsifrograd is a network of cellular communication salons.

Chacona is a chain of bookstores.

Chance (household appliances stores) - a chain of stores of household appliances and electronics.

Champion is a chain of sports stores.

Economy is a chain of self-service food stores in Volzhsky (Volgograd region). They also operate under the “Family 24” brand.

Expert - retail trade of consumer electronics.

Electronics is a Nizhny Novgorod regional holding that unites a food store, as well as a chain of cinemas, fitness centers, beauty salons, nightclubs and entertainment centers.

Eldorado - trade in consumer electronics.

Enthusiast - chain of stores of tools and construction equipment, Samara.

Enthusiast - chain of supermarkets for tools and construction equipment, Moscow

ESSEN is a chain of hypermarkets in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Kirov region.

Jasper Gold is a chain of jewelry stores.

Mergers and acquisitions in the retail chain segment.

Table. Mergers and acquisitions in the retail chain segment.

Buyer	Object of transaction	Package size		Characteristics of the transaction object		Price, million dollars
Pharmacy chain 36.6	Atholl Farm		Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District, Siberian Federal District	Network of pharmacies
Holiday Classic	Economical (265 stores)			Supermarket chain
Private equity fund	Samokhval	25% +1 share		Supermarket chain
	Ephedra (four pharmacy chains)			Network of pharmacies
Seventh Continent	000 "Citymarket" ("Traffic Light Network")			Discount chain
	BigMag (100 stores)			Chain of household appliances and electronics stores
	Kopeyka (328 stores)			Retail chain - discounter	March 2007
UFB Private Equity Fund 1			Siberian Federal District (Novosibirsk)	Supermarket chain (household goods), discounter	March 2007
Seventh Continent	United retail real estate (29 objects)		Central Federal District (Moscow)	Retail real estate objects	March 2007
Holding "Marta"	Forget-me-not (104 stores)		Chelyabinsk	Chain of discounters, hyper- and supermarkets
Holding "Marta"	"Planet" (five stores)			Supermarket chain
OJSC "New Trading Systems"	000 Region, managing 12 Pyaterochka stores		Altai region	Supermarket chain
Holding "Marta"	Three stores of the Intensivnik food chain		Sverdlovsk region.	Supermarket chain
SPAR Retail	Verona (21 stores operating under the Pyaterochka brand)			Supermarket chain	June 2007
Volga River One Capital Partners L.P. and 000 "Domo-Finance"	Chain of stores "White Wind - Digital"			Chain of household appliances and electronics stores	June 2007
Pharmacy chain 36.6	Health resort (48 pharmacies)		Ural Federal District (Ekaterinburg)	Network of pharmacies	June 2007
URSAbank	Regionmart (hypermarket chain "Polyana")		Siberian Federal District (Western Siberia)	Hypermarket chain	July 2007
Doctor Stoletov	Chain pharmacy (five pharmacies)		Krasnodar	Network of pharmacies	July 2007
Natur Product Retail				Network of pharmacies	July 2007
Pharmacy chain 36.6	Pharmacy chain (four pharmacy chains, 78 pharmacies)			Network of pharmacies	July 2007
REWE Group	Grossmart (130 stores)		Central Federal District, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District, Ural Federal District, Northwestern Federal District	Network of hyper- and super-markets
Grossmart	Privoz (9 stores)		Southern Federal District (Stavropol)	Supermarket chain
Epka	Migros M(Ramstore), 10 shopping centers + 55 hyper- and super-markets			Network of hyper- and super-markets
United Capital Partners	Fashion continent			Retail chain of clothing stores
Total:

History of the development of Russian retail chains using the example of the Thunder chain.

Company's mission- We work to improve the well-being of our customers by reducing their costs for purchasing quality consumer goods, taking care of company resources, improving technology and adequately rewarding employees.

Development strategy- Achieving the maximum coverage area of the Magnit store chain:

The strategic direction is the opening of stores in cities with a population of less than 500 thousand people - where 73% of the urban population of Russia lives;

The target audience of the “convenience store” is middle-income buyers, which makes it possible for the Magnit chain to penetrate small cities and towns.

Further development of the network focuses on strengthening the position of the Magnit network in the Ural and Central regions:

Price reduction strategy for regional expansion;

Availability of sufficient funds to ensure the opening of at least 250 stores per year.

Maintaining industry leadership in cost control:

Further improvement of the efficiency of the logistics system.