Russian factories began to produce the type we are accustomed to at the end of the 19th century, but crane building as an industry began to develop at a frantic pace after the October Revolution of 1917.

Tower cranes - the situation today

Today in Russia there are about 6 large crane-building factories - out of 25 enterprises of the former Soviet Union Not everyone managed to survive. The stagnation in construction has led to a reduction in the production of tower cranes and the dismantling of existing equipment. Technologies in construction have also changed - heavy elements are a thing of the past, and accordingly, completely different requirements began to be placed on tower cranes.

Crane KB 408

Nyazepetrovsk crane-building plant is one of the few Russian enterprises who survived difficult times. It accounts for approximately a quarter of all production. The most popular model is the KB 408 crane. Crane KB 408 designed for mechanization of construction and installation work in housing and civil construction. The KB 408 crane allows you to erect structures up to 72.7 m high and move cargo weighing up to 10 tons. The crane is available in 15 versions.

The KB 408 tower crane is designed for mechanization of construction and installation work in housing and civil engineering. Crane KB 408 can be used for construction projects up to 72.7 m with a mass of mounted elements up to 10 tons. Crane KB 408 is a construction mobile full-rotating crane on rails with a rotating tower and beam boom with a cargo trolley providing vertical and horizontal transport of building parts and materials. Tower crane KB 408 transported from site to site in assembled form. The KB 408 crane is installed using its own mechanisms and using a truck crane. The KB 408 crane is transported from site to site in assembled form.

Crane KB 408: technical characteristics: Loading capacity of KB 408 is 10 tons. - Load moment KB 408 - 200 tm. - KB 408 boom radius - 40 m. -Power of the KB 408 electric motor is 123.6 kW. -The depth of lowering KB 408 is 5 m. -Rotation frequency tower crane KB 408 - 0.65 rpm. -The lifting height of the hook KB 408 is 54.0-72.7 m. -Speed ​​of lifting (lowering) load KB 408 30; 45 m/min. -Load landing speed KB 408 4.8 m/min. -Weight of the KB 408 crane is 63.5 tons. - Counterweight weight KB 408 45 t.

Tower crane KB 408

IN modern world, at any construction site, you can find construction machines of various kinds, types and types. Tower cranes are considered very popular. They help simplify the actions of specialists and provide effective assistance in any type of building construction.
Cranes can be of several designs. Let's look at the KB 408 tower crane.

TO tower cranes, type KB No. 408, are cranes on rails that have a boom (beam) and a rotating tower. They are intended to effectively mechanize construction or installation work in civil or residential buildings. At the same time, the KB 408 tower crane has a lifting capacity of 10 tons and can carry out work at a height of up to 72.7 meters.

T This type of taps belongs to group No. 4. All its leading nodes coincide with the nodes of each tap in this group.

WITH Crane head No. 408 has a sectional design. It is created using a lattice type (made of metal pipes). Each module on the boom is connected to each other using flange connections. It is possible to mount such a crane with an inclined boom. The crane boom is extended due to the moving carriage. The tower crane design is modular. Tower modules can vary in number from two to five pieces. This will depend on the type of taps.

H In order to transport this construction machine from one construction site to another, it must be dismantled and moved in several separate parts. First, the loading cart (entirely) and the boom are disconnected. Next, the reinforced concrete ballast slabs and each inventory tower section are disconnected. To transport the KB 408 tower crane, you should use a dolly. That is, for a new one building object, tower crane KB 408, will arrive already partially assembled.

D In order to mount the KB 408 crane and prepare it for work, the help of additional truck cranes is required.

P rebasing KB No. 408 is possible only in agreement with State bodies automobile inspection. These include official permission for transportation, and access to an accompanying vehicle that complies with the Road Traffic Regulations.
Cranes are manufactured by KB No. 408 at the construction machinery plant in Nyazepretrovsk. And, namely, at the Nyazepetrovsky Plant Construction Machines».
Climatic performance This type of crane is the fifth, produced in the first category. Which, in fact, corresponds to GOST 10150 69, for ambient air temperatures within -40 ° C - + 40 ° C.

Technical data of tower crane KB-408.21

Performances
Maximum load moment, tm
Load capacity, t
maximum
at maximum horizontal boom reach
maximum horizontal boom
maximum inclined boom
at maximum load capacity
minimum
Maximum lifting height, m
horizontal boom/number of sections
slanting boom
Maximum lowering depth, m
Speed, m/min
lifting/lowering the load
smooth cargo landing
cargo trolley
crane movement
Rotation speed, rpm.
Electric motor power, kW
main cargo winch
auxiliary cargo winch
jib winch
trolley winch
turning mechanism
crane movement mechanism
Total power of electric motors
Geometric parameters, m
track x base
rear marker
constructive
counterweights
Seismicity, points	1-6 according to SNiP II-7-81
Wind district

KB 408 – tower crane Russian production, intended for the construction of high-rise buildings. It combines advanced domestic technologies, the development of which began during the times of the USSR. This model has absorbed the best from its predecessors. The carrying capacity of KB 408 is 10 tons, which is a decent indicator in this price category. The capabilities of this crane installation can be used in the economic and construction fields, and to achieve its maximum potential it will require a lot of working time. This is not surprising, because the KB 408 is reliably protected from overload, has various functions, as well as a comfortable cabin and a reliable design. All this ensures durable and uninterrupted operation, and also increases labor productivity.

Description and purpose

KB-408 is a professional-class equipment designed for the construction of 16-story high-rise buildings. This model takes into account the following key points like thoughtful safety and ergonomic control. Due to the lifting capacity of 25, this crane installation is capable of installing structures and buildings, as well as moving bulky Technical equipment to a certain height and distance. In addition, KB-408 can be used as a replacement for low-power manipulators, the potential of which is often not enough for the construction of large logistics and industrial centers. And finally, to confirm the unlimited capabilities of this model, we note its high popularity in search and rescue operations - for example, when clearing away rubble resulting from the destruction of urban infrastructure.

Technical and cargo altitude characteristics

• Load moment – ​​1800 t
• Load capacity – 10 t
• Loading capacity for each boom section – 3 t
• Boom parameters: horizontal boom length – from 4.5 to 32 m; inclined boom length – from 4.2 to 26.6 m; horizontal boom height – 54 m; inclined boom height – 72.7 m
• Load lifting speed – 30 m/min
• Load lowering speed – 4.8 m/min
• The speed of movement of a cart with a load is 30 m/min
• Base and track length – 7.5 m
• Power – 77.6 kW
• The performance of a cargo winch with a horizontal boom is 55 kW
• Performance of a cargo winch with an inclined boom – 30 kW
• Rotary platform power – 7 kW
• Boom winch power – 15 kW
• Total weight – 95 tons.

Features of the device and operation

The KB-408 tower crane can be used everywhere thanks to its well-thought-out functionality and good adaptation to complex, harsh conditions. Thus, the forklift of the same name includes several elements:

• rotating platform
• portal
• telescopic tower with the ability to rotate 180 degrees
• crane operator's cabin
• beam boom
• running frame
• additional details

At the top of the platform there is a portal, as well as shooting and cargo winches. The rear part of the platform, in turn, is a place for attaching the counterweight, which consists of 10 reinforced concrete blocks. Essentially, these blocks make the structure heavier, and thereby prevent the swinging mechanism from swinging when carrying loads. As for additional parts, these include the support hinge and working struts.

The portal is a quadrangular structural element, open on both sides and secured to a truss element and cylindrical struts. The portal is based on two trihedrons connected by box beams. Using the portal, you can increase the height and ensure the stability of the boom position. Among the remaining elements of the portal, it is worth highlighting the double-row roller mechanism and four locking elements that prevent the tower from falling during installation of the crane.

Tower - includes the head, head sections and struts. The head, arranged in the form of a metal lattice with racks, ladders and platforms, which provide rigidity.

A cabin mounted on a crane using special mounts at the top of the tower. The cabin can rise to a height of up to 20 meters. The cabin of the KB-408 model is cozy and spacious. We also note good visibility thanks to a wide glazing line, reliable protection against corrosion and other external influences, multi-layer heat and sound insulation, heating panels and other elements. All this provides comfort and coziness, including thanks to the autonomous air conditioning system, which allows you to set the desired temperature. All controls in the cockpit, including levers and switches, are conveniently and ergonomically located and, as they say, at hand. Using special indicators, instrumentation and displays, you can monitor the condition of the working bodies, determine their location, height and load.

The beam boom is a separate structural element welded to flange parts. With the help of a beam boom, the trolley rotates, which is responsible for moving the load. The trolley, in turn, changes the boom reach.

Chassis. Fastening of the trolleys is ensured by two weather vanes, and a switch is built into the running gear of the crane. The weather vanes can be adjusted and converted into transport and working condition. The total number of trolleys is 4 pcs. Two of them operate using an electric drive. The rail mechanism for the KB-408 model can be rounded or straight.

Optional equipment:

• A cargo winch responsible for the operation of the engine, gearbox, brakes and drum mechanism. All these elements are mounted on the platform. The main purpose of the winch is to move cargo in a vertical position
• Trolley winch, consisting of the same parts shown above. The two-speed motor ensures precise guidance of the cargo object to the installation site
• Telescopic suction - a tubular mechanism that ensures a uniform position of the tower during its installation on the platform
• A triangular brace mounted on the top of a tower. It is an auxiliary element when installing the tower. The spacer includes four axle blocks, a guy rope, a rope piece for carrying loads, and a mounting device with a load cell

The crane can be transported using a rail mechanism. To increase the maximum height of 77 meters, it is necessary to tilt the boom at an angle of 30 degrees. It is believed that at a lower altitude it is possible to achieve a greater load capacity, or vice versa

Built-in security system that reads information from sensors that can determine the position of the boom, its load and a certain height. If the load is exceeded, the limiter will be activated, which also operates in the event of a rollover. In addition, the limiter is able to prevent dangerous proximity to high-voltage wires, and thereby protect the crane and operator from serious consequences.

Price

The average cost of a KB-408 tower crane is Russian market is 4 million rubles.

The tower crane in question is one of the most sought after domestic market: in November 2017, the thousandth copy of the model was assembled. Due to what design features and technical characteristics Is KB-408.21 holding the lead?

The manufacturer of KB-408.21 tower cranes is Crane Technologies LLC (the equipment is produced under the GIRAFFE brand). Note that a more modern version of the name of this model is SMK-10.200, but the company’s official website continues to use a double index.

The ancestor of the model being manufactured today can be called the KB-160 (KB-401) crane, which was put into production back in the late 60s. Initially, the assembly of KB-408.21 was carried out at the Moscow crane plant "Severyanin" (from 1998 to 2001), but then the company completely stopped producing this type of equipment. Since 2002, production has been launched at the Nyazepetrovsk Crane Plant (owned by Crane Technologies LLC).

It should be noted that the design of the tower crane has undergone significant changes over the years. Already at the time of transfer of production of KB-408.21 to Nyazepetrovsk, the configuration of the cabin and electrical cabinets was changed. Equipment produced at different factories, had a number of other differences.

Photo source: giraffecrane.ru

Technical characteristics of KB-408.21

SMK-10.200 (previously - KB-408.21) - rail crane with a rotating tower and a beam boom with a cargo trolley, designed for the construction of structures whose height can reach 72.7 m. The permissible weight of the mounted elements is 10 tons. Materials are transported vertically and horizontally. The equipment is installed using a truck crane, as well as the model’s own mechanisms.

The design of the KB-408.21 crane provides a fourth-generation safety device with a coordinate protection system. It includes a control system self-diagnosis module. Interface - touch graphic. By special order, remote diagnostics via GPRS is offered.

For operation in cold weather, the crane cabin has a heating system. Air conditioning can also be ordered.

Modifications

The manufacturer offers 15 design options for the KB-408.21 tower crane (an index from 00 to 14 is added to the name). The most popular version is KB-408.21-02.

Photo source: giraffecrane.ru

Among the technical characteristics that vary depending on the modification of the crane is the lifting capacity at maximum reach (it can be 3, 3.5 or 5 tons). The maximum load moment is, accordingly, limited to 160, 180 or 200 tm. But here it is worth saying that for 3-ton versions the maximum reach reaches 40 m, and for 5-ton versions - 30 m. But upon additional order, it is possible to install booms with a length of 45 and 50 m. We also note that the maximum weight, which in all cases is 10 t, allowed at an outreach of 16, 18 or 20 m.

Let's look in more detail at the characteristics of the KB-408.21-02 tower crane.

Scheme KB-408.21

Graph of lifting capacity of tower crane with horizontal and inclined jib

The KB-408 tower crane is a special rail-mounted equipment that is used for mechanization construction work, at a height of up to 72.7 meters and with loads of up to 10 tons.

The KB-408 tower crane is a construction mobile full-rotating rail-mounted crane with a rotating tower and a beam boom with a load trolley, providing vertical and horizontal transportation of construction parts and materials. The crane is transported from site to site disassembled. Installation is carried out using our own mechanisms and using a truck crane.

The KB408 crane belongs to the 4th size group of tower cranes and has the same main components as cranes in this group.

The boom design is sectional. The crane boom structure is made of metal pipes in the form of a lattice structure; the boom modules are connected to each other using flange connections. The KB 408 crane can be mounted with an inclined boom. The reach is changed by moving the carriage.

The crane tower has a modular design. The number of tower modules on KB-408 cranes varies from 2 to 5 pieces. (depending on the crane version).

Construction of the KB-408 tower crane

Turntable and turning mechanism

The KB-408 platform is identical in design to the KB-160. The design of the rotating mechanism has been changed - it looks like a roller circle (in one row) with a diameter of 2500 mm. In addition, the crane received winches, blocks and electrical equipment for the cargo trolley.

Running frame with rotating vanes

Running frame with rotating weather vanes, portal. Similar to the KB-401 and KB-402 series.

Portal

The design of the portal and frame of the KB-408 crane is identical to the design of the KB-160 cranes.

Tower sections

Inventory sections. Quantity on taps from 2 to 5 (6) pcs. (depending on the crane version).

Tower

The design of the tower is unified with some components of the KB-160 crane, with the exception of the design and equipment of the tower head. It differs in the length of the pulley ropes and the maximum possible number of installed inventory sections, and the design of the head section of the tower has also been changed - now it has become collapsible.

Control cabin

On this crane a unified cabin for high cranes is installed (installation at a height of over 20 m). The basic, first-born model has a unified cabin for low cranes (installation at a height of up to 20 m). The mounting methods are similar to KB-160, as well as other series of cranes of the KB type. It differs from the cabin of the base model in a more advanced design, adapted for convenient viewing at a greater height of the crane, and also differs in internal filling and equipment - improved insulation and heating panels. Additionally, it can be equipped with air conditioning.

Crane boom

The design of the main boom is sectional. Made of metal pipes in the form of a lattice structure, the sections are connected to each other using flange connections. A cargo trolley with a hook clip moves along the boom. The reach is changed by tilting the boom, as well as by moving the load trolley.

Hook clip

The hook cage is a biaxial suspension: two cheeks, two axles, on which blocks, traverses and a hook are mounted on ball bearings. Additionally, there are metal external protective covers for the hook cage blocks.

Technical characteristics of the KB-408 tower crane

Total crane weight (in working condition), t	95,2
Maximum load capacity, t	10,0
Load capacity at maximum boom reach, t	6,0
Boom radius, m	6,0-30,0
Reach at maximum load capacity, m	16,0
Load moment, (kNm) tm	160,0
Maximum lifting height, m ​​(horizontal boom/oblique boom)	46,6 / 57,8
Total electric power engines, kW	123,6
Lowering depth, m	5,0
Tower crane rotation speed, rpm	0,65
Structural weight of the crane, t	54,8
Load lifting speed max. mass, m/min	36,0
Maximum load lifting speed, m/min	67,0
Speed ​​of smooth loading of cargo, m/min	4,8
Speed ​​of movement of the cargo trolley, m/min horizontal boom/inclined boom	7,0 / 30,0
Crane travel speed, m/min	18,0
Base, m	6,0
Track, m	6,0
Rear clearance, m	4,35
Minimum radius of path curvature (internal rail), m	12,0

Video review of the KB-408 tower crane