Photos and descriptions of birds in the Moscow region. Birds of the Ivanovo region Lesser spotted woodpecker
The general ornithofaunistic list of the Ivanovo region consists of 238 bird species different status stay.
In 11 surveyed model territories, 70 rare bird species were recorded, which account for 37% of the total number of species (189) found in these model territories (Table 1).
These 70 species belong to 16 orders. A significant proportion (more than 50%) of rare species are included in three orders: Falconiformes (21.43%), Charadriiformes (21.43%), Passeriformes (11.43%).
Representatives of these orders experience the greatest anthropogenic pressure: the Falconiformes order due to their territorial needs and direct persecution, and the Charadriiformes order due to direct persecution and a small number of suitable biotopes. Representatives of the order Passeriformes adapt more successfully to anthropogenic influence (trophic plasticity, small body size, tolerance to anthropogenic influence, etc.), however, they are the most numerous in the number of species, which determined their significant share in the list of rare birds.
Species with relatively stable numbers, vulnerable species that require monitoring of their condition, are found at all stations, including the city, which to some extent confirms their relative well-being.
Dispersing and threatened species are found only at some sites. Dispersing species were observed mainly in those areas where endangered species were also found. This indicates that the dispersal of species occurs along paths that include biotopes and territories that are especially valuable for the habitat of endangered species.
The largest number of endangered and declining species are recorded in areas that are least transformed by humans and at the same time have the greatest structural heterogeneity. These bird species inhabit a wide range of natural and slightly transformed landscapes of the European center of Russia.
Moreover, most often they choose the territory that is least transformed by humans and has the greatest productivity. In anthropogenically transformed landscapes, these bird species choose territories that are most similar to natural biotopes and also characterized by significant productivity (reservoirs, fish ponds, peat quarries, etc.).
List of rare bird species recorded in model areas
Endangered Species
Black-throated Loon
Lesser Spotted Eagle
Black stork
Golden eagle
Grey goose
Snake eater
Osprey
Peregrine Falcon
White-tailed eagle
Kobchik
Greater Spotted Eagle
Owl
Declining species
Merlin
Klintukh
Quail
Roller
Oystercatcher
green woodpecker
Great Curlew
wood lark
Great snipe
Gray Shrike
Species with relatively stable numbers
Red-necked Grebe
Little gull
Wigeon
White-winged Tern
Gogol
Great-tailed owl
Meadow Harrier
Kingfisher
Gray crane
gray woodpecker
Great godwit
White-backed Woodpecker
Turukhtan
three-toed woodpecker
Lieutenant
Kedrovka
Morodunka
Blue Tit
Species with uncertain status requiring additional information
Gray-cheeked grebe
Buzzard
Harrier
Garnish
Species located on the border of their range
Great merganser
Deaf cuckoo
Burying ground
Hoopoe
Golden Plover
Middle Woodpecker
fifi
Yurok
Great Gray Owl
Garden bunting
Dispersing species
great egret
Ringed Dove
Herring gull
Vulnerable species requiring monitoring
Black-necked Grebe
Big snail
Great bittern
Great Sparrow Owl
Black kite
Great-footed owl
Common kestrel
Nightjar
Capercaillie
meadow pipit
Landrail
Common cricket
Herbalist
Current status of rare bird species
Eastern Upper Volga region. During the work, 16 species of birds listed in the Red Book were registered Russian Federation. Species that are globally threatened (greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, white-tailed eagle) were recorded only at 4 sites: Klyazminsky reserve (2 species), river. Lukh (3 species), Morkushskoe reservoir (2 species), river. Nerl (1 species). The presence of these species in these areas undoubtedly indicates their significant conservation significance. However, at present, only the Klyazminsky Nature Reserve has the official status of a protected area.
At stations 1 (Klyazma reserve), 2 (Lukh river), 3 (Balakhninskaya lowland) the largest number of rare species included in different groups rarities.
Use of indicator species to identify protected areas. We used the method of using indicator species when identifying and justifying new protected areas in the Ivanovo region - the Lukhsky ornithological reserve and the Yuzhsky Natural Park.
The Lukhsky ornithological reserve is planned to be created within the IBA of international rank in the “Floodplain of the river.” Lukh from the village Washed to s. Mugreevo-NikolskoyeV". Identification of the IBA and determination of its boundaries was carried out during research from 1999 to 2002 during the implementation of the project “Key Ornithological Territories of Russia”. When identifying the boundaries of the proposed reserve, we used clearly defined relief elements so that the individual territories of the indicator species (osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle and white-tailed eagle) were completely within the protected area.
The most characteristic indicator species of valuable floodplain landscapes, experiencing insignificant anthropogenic pressure, characterized by a high level of landscape and faunal diversity and stable over time, is the greater spotted eagle. On the territory of the planned reserve, 6 nesting territories of this species have been identified.
Among the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the following live on the territory of the proposed Lukhsky ornithological reserve: osprey, white-tailed eagle, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, eagle owl, blue tit, Russian muskrat.
The YuzhskyV natural park is planned to be created on the territory of the Balakhninskaya lowland.
The use of indicator species made it possible to expand the previously proposed territory of the natural park. The following indicator species were found in this area: black stork, short-eared snake eagle, golden eagle, gray crane and eagle owl. Of the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the territory of the proposed natural park "YuzhskyV" is inhabited by: black stork, short-tailed snake eagle, curlew, eagle owl, gray shrike, white blue tit.
In addition, a peregrine falcon was recorded once (05/10/2001).
1. At least 70 rare bird species live and breed in the Eastern Upper Volga region, and 16 of these species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
2. Bird species such as the black stork, osprey, greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle, short-eared snake eagle, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gray crane, and eagle owl can be used as indicators of high faunal diversity when identifying valuable areas.
3. Biological and ecological features of bird species proposed as indicators of faunal diversity: they are the tops of trophic pyramids, are clearly visible, sensitive to environmental changes, and when feeding and nesting, are found in the vast majority of landscapes of the Eastern Upper Volga region; the time interval between a change in the environment and the reaction to it is minimal.
4. An express method for identifying valuable territories can be the detection of indicator species when observed from points with a wide viewing area during demonstration flights marking the individual and hunting territories of these species, as well as direction finding during periods of vocalization; the boundaries of protected areas must completely include their individual territories.
The bird world of the Moscow region is diverse. So much so that many don't even suspect it. Today we will talk about what birds there are in the Moscow region, and also present their gorgeous photos and a brief description.
White stork – big bird, living mainly in swampy areas.
The black stork is a rare species that is included in the Red Book of many countries, including the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine.
The great cormorant is a huge individual that can dive under water.
The saker falcon is a representative of predatory species belonging to the falcon family.
Snipe is a small representative of the bird world with a long and very sharp beak.
The golden eagle is the largest eagle.
Northern warbler belongs to the reed warbler family. Is migratory.
The glaucous gull, or great polar gull, is one of the species of gulls.
Woodcock is an antisocial animal. Prefers to hide from human eyes. Active at night.
The bluethroat is small, somewhat larger than an ordinary sparrow.
The Great Godwit is one of the favorite birds of hunters.
Godwit - similar in appearance to the great godwit, only with shorter legs.
The whirligig is a relative of woodpeckers, but its behavior is more similar to a sparrow.
The house sparrow is the most common species of sparrow.
The field sparrow, unlike the house sparrow, is independent of humans.
Ravens are very careful and move easily on the ground.
The gray crow is one of the most recognizable birds in the Moscow region.
The great bittern is currently considered an endangered species in the Moscow region.
The small bittern, or little bittern, is the smallest heron.
Wood pigeon, or vityuten, is one of the types of pigeons.
The red-throated loon is the smallest of its genus.
The black-throated loon is the most common species of loon.
The brown-headed chickadee, or chickadee, prefers to live in coniferous forests.
The grey-headed chickadee is smaller than the plum and black-headed chickadee.
The black-headed chickadee, or swamp chickadee, is a living and active bird, slightly smaller than a sparrow.
The jackdaw is one of the smallest representatives of corvids.
Ringed beetle is a migratory species. Small, slightly larger than a sparrow.
Garschnep is a small snipe weighing up to 45 grams.
The capercaillie is a very large pheasant that got its name due to the loss of vigilance during the mating season.
Gogol is a small diving duck.
The gray dove has amazing eyesight. Some of the species domesticated by humans.
The garden redstart, or coot redstart, most often lives in gardens and parks.
The black redstart has dark plumage and is slightly smaller in size than a sparrow.
The ringed dove is a member of the pigeon family. Has a characteristic ring around the neck.
The little dove is a small bird with a long tail, of the pigeon family.
The common dove is a small bird of the pigeon family.
The rook is a representative of corvids. The length of the body does not reach 50 cm.
Mud truck - no large sandpiper, belonging to the snipe family.
The bean goose is a waterfowl of the Anatidae family.
The white-fronted goose is very similar to the greylag goose, but is smaller in size.
The gray goose is one of the most popular wild geese.
Merlin is a very rare species. Predatory falcon.
Deryaba is a small bird weighing up to 140 g.
The song thrush is an average bird up to 25 cm in length.
The black-throated thrush is a singing species. Singing is slow, unhurried.
Blackbird - songbird, which is found both in villages and cities.
The White-browed Thrush is the smallest thrush and the most common bird of its species in the post-Soviet space.
The Field Thrush is a fairly large individual with a gray head color.
The bustard, or dudak, is the heaviest of the flying birds.
Grosbeak is a small bird with a huge beak.
Dubrovnik is small and belongs to the oatmeal family.
The snipe is a small snipe with a long and massive beak.
The white-backed woodpecker is the largest of the woodpecker family.
The great spotted woodpecker, or spotted woodpecker, is one of the most famous representatives of its family.
The green woodpecker lives mostly in the Western part of Eurasia. Rarely found in Russia.
The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is the smallest representative of its family.
The gray-haired woodpecker, or gray-headed woodpecker, leads a nomadic lifestyle in winter, preferring forest areas.
The Syrian woodpecker was previously present only in the Middle East, but over time migrated to Europe. Woodpecker medium mottled, or aquatic, is a small bird of the woodpecker family.
Three-toed woodpecker - characteristic feature is a yellow spot on the head.
The black woodpecker, or yellow woodpecker, is one of the largest representatives of its species.
The white-winged lark is an agile and small lark.
The wood lark, or spinning top, is a small brown bird.
Sky lark - known for its loud and melodious singing.
The horned lark is a typical lark, but with characteristic “horns” on its head.
The steppe lark is a small bird that sings well.
The black lark is a small bird up to 21 cm in length.
Gray crane – large bird with body weight up to 6 kg.
The Wood Accentor is the most common species of the family.
The Siberian Accentor is slightly smaller than a sparrow. Body length does not exceed 17 cm.
Robin is a cute bird that resembles a ball.
Common greenfinch - flies like bat, jumps with both paws.
The common kingfisher is slightly larger than a sparrow. Has a relatively large beak.
Snake eater - parents feed their chicks mainly with snakes, despite the fact that their diet is very wide.
The small plover prefers to live on the banks of lakes and rivers.
The finch is small in size, slightly smaller than a sparrow.
Oriole - has yellow-black plumage and a slightly elongated body structure.
Barnacle goose - until recently, this goose was considered a very rare species.
The Canada goose is a type of goose. It stands out among its relatives with a shorter neck.
The red-breasted goose is a small goose with a thick neck and a short beak.
The black goose is the smallest representative of the geese genus.
Thick-billed guillemot, or short-billed guillemot - sea bird, very reminiscent of a penguin in color.
Common wheatear - not night-bird. Prefers to be active during the day.
Stonefish is a small snipe up to 23 cm long.
The moorhen, or waterhen, is a small marsh hen that looks like a pigeon.
The marsh warbler is a small bird up to 13 cm long.
The Aquatic Warbler is a singing migratory bird.
Thrush warbler - body length reaches 19 cm.
The garden warbler is a small bird up to 17 cm in length.
The reed warbler is small and belongs to the song species.
The badger warbler is a small bird (up to 13 cm in length) of the genus True warblers.
The rough-legged buzzard, or rough-legged buzzard, is a large representative of the Accipitridae family. Body weight up to 1300 grams.
The common buzzard, or buzzard, is distributed throughout Europe. Prefers wooded areas.
Karavaika is a bird of the ibis family. Nests in dense thickets next to other birds.
The night heron belongs to the heron family, although it does not look very similar to them.
Nutcracker, or nutcracker, is a very unusual species. They even erected a monument to her in Tomsk.
White-winged crossbill reaches a length of up to 16 cm.
Spruce crossbill has a powerful beak with intersecting tips.
Pine crossbill – live in coniferous and pine forests.
Klintukh is a close relative of the pigeon. An antisocial individual that becomes quiet and hides in the bushes when a person or large animals appear.
Klusha is a large gull that lives on the northern shores of Russia.
Eastern Klusha, or halei, is taxonomically similar to Klusha.
The falcon is a small, predatory falcon.
The common nightjar is active at nightfall. Refers to predators.
The red-breasted pipit is a small individual up to 15 cm in length.
The wood pipit belongs to the wagtail family, slightly smaller than a sparrow.
Meadow Pipit - prefers to nest in meadows and pastures.
Field Pipit - feed on insects that are collected on the ground.
Linnet - a bird that feeds on hemp grains, hence its nickname.
The yellow-headed wren is the smallest bird in Russia.
Crake, or crake, belongs to the rail family. Lives in dense bushes and tall grasses.
Black kite – predatory representative hawk family.
The wren, or hazel wren, is very active and sings loudly.
The redshank is a small snipe up to 20 cm in length.
The white-winged tern is an insectivore and feeds not only near lakes, as many believe.
The white-cheeked tern is the most omnivorous of all terns.
The little tern is one of the smallest in the gull family.
The spotted tern is about 40 cm long, body weight is from 200 to 300 grams.
River tern feeds mainly by diving into the water and catching fish there.
The black tern is a small tern up to 25 cm in length.
The gyrfalcon is a very hardy, bird of prey.
Great curlew is a large snipe weighing up to 1 kg.
Curlew is a medium-sized snipe with a body weight of up to 600 g.
The merganser is the most common and largest of the mergansers.
The long-nosed merganser, or medium-sized merganser, is a diving duck.
The mallard is one of the most common species of its family.
The deaf cuckoo is very similar in appearance and habits to the common cuckoo.
The common cuckoo is the most common and famous species in its family.
Kuksha, or ronzha - her nickname comes from the sound she makes.
Sandpiper - belongs to the genus of sandpipers. It is one of the smallest representatives of the genus.
The oystercatcher is a large sandpiper with an orange bill and black wings.
The shore swallow, or shore swallow, is migratory. It lives throughout Europe and most of the Russian Federation.
The city swallow, or funnel swallow, like the rock pigeon, originally lived in rocky areas, but over time it adapted to urban conditions.
The barn swallow, or killer whale, has a characteristic long fork-shaped tail.
The small or tundra swan is one of the subspecies of the American swan.
The whooper swan is considered the national symbol of the country in Finland.
The mute swan is one of the largest swans, and according to many experts, one of the most beautiful of its kind.
The Muscovy is a small, energetic bird of the tit family.
The small flycatcher is a tiny bird of the flycatcher family. Weight does not exceed 11 g.
The gray flycatcher is the most social bird of the entire family.
Reed bunting, or reed bunting, lives in thickets near lakes.
The common bunting is primarily a granivorous bird.
The garden bunting is a small bird of the true bunting genus.
The baby oatmeal is a small individual with a body weight that does not exceed 15 g.
Remez oatmeal has a variegated color, which allows it to be distinguished among its relatives in the genus.
Shelduck - occupies an intermediate link between ducks and geese.
The pink pelican is a huge waterfowl of the pelican family.
Green warbler - prefers to live in forest areas and near rivers.
King's warbler - tiny songbird, whose body weight does not exceed 7 g.
The willow warbler, like its relatives, prefers to live in parks, forests and gardens.
The lightning warbler, or lightning warbler, is the smallest of the nesting warblers in the Moscow region.
Chiffchaff - builds its nest in the form of a hut on the ground or in stumps.
The warbler is a migratory species.
The carrier is a migratory snipe the size of a lark.
Quail – Previously used as prey, as a songbird, and as a fighting animal.
Mocking green – migratory species wintering in Africa.
The white-tailed sandpiper is a sparrow-sized snipe.
The Icelandic Sandpiper is a small snipe with a very short neck.
The gerbil is a snipe, one of the most northern breeding birds.
Lesser white-fronted goose is a small goose listed in the Red Book.
The common pika is a small individual with a curved beak.
The round-nosed phalarope is a small marsh snipe.
The common nuthatch lives in gardens, parks and forests.
Sandpiper - snipe with long legs and a yellow beak.
Golden plover - lives preferably in swamps.
The hazel grouse is a small pheasant whose weight rarely exceeds 0.5 kg.
Great tit - in wildlife found everywhere, but most often along the banks of water bodies and in open areas.
The long-tailed tit, or tit, is the most common species of long-tailed tit.
The whiskered tit is the only one in the genus and family of whiskered tits.
The crested tit, or grenadier - the grenadier received its nickname due to its crest, which resembles a hat.
Singa is a large duck weighing up to 1400 g.
The griffon vulture is a large predator of the hawk family.
The common starling is very reminiscent of blackbirds, but unlike them, it walks on the ground and does not jump.
The pink starling has a pink beak, which is more powerful than that of ordinary starlings.
The garden warbler is a small bird with a body weight of up to 22 g.
The gray warbler is the most melodious in its family.
The black-headed warbler is a small bird with a body length of up to 15 cm.
The hawk's warbler is one of the largest representatives of its genus.
The Accentor Warbler, or miller, prefers to nest in the branches of coniferous trees.
The bullfinch is a small bird, slightly larger in size than a sparrow.
Gray bullfinch - unlike the ordinary bullfinch, the gray plumage does not have a red color.
The white or polar owl is a large bird. Oddly enough, females are much larger than males, both in weight and size.
The short-eared owl is protected in some countries.
The long-eared owl lives up to 10 years in the wild, but can live up to 40 years at home.
The hawk owl is the queen of the forests of northern Eurasia.
The jay is distinguished by its bright plumage, which is probably why it got its name “shine.”
The common nightingale, or eastern nightingale, is one of the most famous singers among birds.
Magpie - during molting, it suddenly becomes asocial, hiding from people and large animals.
The black swift is the most common representative of its genus.
The house owl is a bird of prey that often settles in human houses.
The Great Owl is a large owl with a distinct facial disc.
The Great Owl is a very small owl.
Black grouse - settles on forest edges, along the edge of the forest, in the valleys of large rivers.
The white wagtail is a small representative of the wagtail family.
The yellow wagtail has a very long tail that constantly swings from side to side.
The yellow-headed wagtail, or small yellow-headed wagtail, is a small bird up to 17 cm in length.
The hoopoe is a unique bird with a long beak and a distinctive mohawk.
Large snipe is a large snipe with a fairly powerful beak.
The gray duck is one of the most common wild ducks.
Pheasant - in the wild, males live alone; in domesticated form, they are no different from roosters.
The eagle owl is a predatory owl listed in the Red Book.
The Great White Heron is a great heron with an S-shaped neck.
The gray heron is a long-legged and long-necked bird.
The black-headed gull is a beautiful gull with a white body and a black head.
Hobby is a small predatory falcon.
Siskin – they are often kept in cages for their singing.
Reports REPORTS
Large Raptors of the Ivanovo District
LARGE FEEDED PREDATORS OF THE IVANOVSK REGION
Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovo State University, Ivanovo, Russia)
Melnikov V.N. (Ivanovsky State University, Ivanovo, Russia)
Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, 153004, Russia, Ivanovo, Lenina Ave., 136 [email protected]
Vladimir Melnikov Ivanovo State University, Lenina av., 136, Ivanovo, Russia, 153004 [email protected]
Modern data on 10 species of rare large feathered predators of the Ivanovo region are presented. An increase in numbers during nesting was noted for the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (number 20-25 pairs), the short-tailed eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), the greater spotted eagle (Aquila clanga) (up to 20 pairs), the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs) and Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). A decrease in numbers (from 10-15 pairs) is expected for the eagle owl (Bubo bubo) after the fires of 2010. Single nesting pairs are known for the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Regular sightings during the nesting season have been recorded for the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). Occasionally, solitary pygmy eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are observed without signs of nesting.
Keywords: Ivanovo region, birds of prey, raptors, status. Received by the editor: 10/06/2013 Accepted for publication: 11/10/2013
The article presents the current data on 10 species of rare large raptors of the Ivanovo district. Increase the number of breeding pairs is observed for the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) (20-25 pairs), Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) (5-7 pairs), Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) (about 20 pairs), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) (5-7 pairs), Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) (50 pairs). Decline (from 10-15 pairs) expected for the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) after fires in 2010. For the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina) (3-5 pairs) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) are known single breeding pairs . Regular meetings in the nesting period are marked for the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Occasionally single Booted Eagles (Hieraaetus pennatus) are observed. Keywords: Ivanovo, birds of prey, raptors, population status. Received: 06/10/2013. Accepted: 10/11/2013.
Introduction
The territory of the Ivanovo region is located in the center of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia, on the border of the subzones of the southern taiga and mixed forests. The central part of the region is agricultural, however, significant areas of farmland have been taken out of economic use, and the fields are at various stages of overgrowth. On the northern and southern outskirts of the region there is more developed forestry. The southeastern part (Balakhna lowland) in 2010 was subject to significant pyrogenic effects during catastrophic natural fires. The region is characterized by a well-developed river network; the Gorky Reservoir is located on the northern and eastern borders. Thus, the territory of the Ivanovo region is highly mosaic, peripheral areas experience moderate anthropogenic impact - all this together determines the conditions for the habitat of rare bird species, including large raptors.
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). There has been an increase in the number of the species along the coasts of the Gorky water reservoir, the Klyaz"ma river and its tributaries; new habitats are appearing, with the total of 20-25 breeding pairs observed in the area.
Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus).
The number has slightly increased, reaching 5-7 pairs. The main habitat is Balakhnins-kaya depression.
Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus).
Single birds are occasionally observed with no signs of nesting.
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clan-ga). A slight increase in the number of the species is currently observed in the flood basin of the Kliazma and the Luh rivers. Up to 20 pairs are nesting in the region.
Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarina).
The nesting of 3-5 pairs is currently known
Directed study of birds of prey in the region has been conducted since the 80s. XX century During this time, a wealth of material has been accumulated on the population, numbers and its dynamics, distribution, and the ecological features of birds of prey; significant territories have been surveyed, more than 40 key ornithological territories (IBAs) have been identified, 7 of which are of international importance (Melnikov et al., 2013). Monitoring studies are being conducted at the most significant IBAs. The current state of large feathered predators on the territory of the Ivanovo region is characterized in the form of the species-specific sketches given below.
results
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. A very rare breeding species. Osprey nesting in the Ivanovo region has been known since the early 90s. XX century
In the review “Birds of the Ivanovo Region” (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), the osprey is positioned as a rare migratory and very rare breeding species. Since 1991, a nest has been known in the Sokolsky district (now Nizhny Novgorod region); in total, at least 3 pairs were expected to nest in the Sokolsky district by 2000; nesting in other areas was considered unlikely.
Our research in the 90s These data are supplemented by finds of new osprey habitats (Melnikov, Barinov, Roma-
Rice. Fig. 1. Distribution of the Ospreys (Pandion haliaetusj in the Ivanovo district.
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj Photo by V. Melnikov.
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj.
Photo by V. Melnikov.
in the region. The habitation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in the Ivanovo district is the easternmost of all the known for the species.
Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).
Single pairs are known to inhabit the Ivanovo district in the valley of the Luh river, at the Gorky water reservoir. The territorial pair was observed in the Bal-akhninskaya depression. However, the pair is not reported to be seen after the fires in 2010.
White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albi-cilla). The number of the species is gradually recovered with these birds observed on the Gorky water reservoir and its spurs, on the Kliazma and the Luh rivers as well as on Morkushskiy and Uvod"sky Dams - 5-7 pairs of eagles in total.
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus).
Regular encounters of the species during the breeding period suggest nesting of a few individual pairs.
Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). The number of the species in the Ivanovo district was estimated as 10-15 pairs in total. Five breeding areas were identified in Balakhninkaya depression, however the species is not observed after the fire in 2010.
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). The
number of the species has slightly increased accounting for the total of 50 pairs of the species in the area.
Nova, 2000). In the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga osprey has been observed annually since 1990; since 1999, 2 pairs have been recorded; broods have been observed several times. Also, 2 pairs of osprey were observed on the Nemdinsky spur of the Gorkovsky Reservoir, an osprey was noted on the Markushsky Reservoir, Lake. Podozerskoe, on the river. Klyazma within the Klyazminsky reserve. By the end of the 20th century. We estimated the number of osprey in the modern territory of the region to be up to 10 pairs.
In the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (Red Book..., 2007) we indicate new osprey habitats identified by that time - Uvodsky Reservoir, river. Lukh (in 2 areas), Andronikhovo floodplain of the Gorky Reservoir, Balakhninskaya lowland.
In the collection “Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials on maintaining the Red Book of the Ivanovo region" (Melnikov, 2012), in addition to the above, we present new habitats: the lower reaches of the river. Yolnat, coast of the riverbed part of the Gorky Reservoir. - within the Ivanovo region
Rice. Fig. 2. Distribution of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicusj in the Ivanovo district.
Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj Photo by A. Levashkin. Osprey (Pandion haliaetusj. Photo by A. Levashkin.
6-7 pairs. An increase in numbers is observed in the lower reaches of the Zhelvata and No-Doga rivers (5-6 pairs), in the Andronikhovo floodplain (2-3 pairs), in the Klyazminsky reserve (2 pairs).
Thus, modern assessment The number of ospreys in the Ivanovo region is 20-25 breeding pairs. With a tolerant attitude of humans towards birds of prey, a further increase in the number of this rare species is possible. However, the active development of the shores of reservoirs suitable for osprey habitat may become a factor limiting its distribution.
The snake eagle (Circaetus gaçcus) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. Buslaev S.V. in the 80s. noted a snake eagle during the nesting period in the Kinesh region on the bank of the river. Zhelvata and in the Klyazminsky reserve (Gersimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). At the turn of the century, we noted the snake eagle in the same territories (Melnikov, Barinov Romanova, 2000). In the last decade, registrations of the snake eagle in the area between the Zhelvata and Nodoga rivers, as well as in the Klyazminsky reserve, were quite regular (our data; Slaschinina, 2012).
In the northern part of the Balakhna Lowland, the snake eagle is observed annually; here, within the Ivanovo region, 4 regularly occupying nesting territories have been identified, and in the adjacent territories of the Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir regions 2 more pairs (Baka, Kiseleva, 2001; Voloshina 2005). After the catastrophic fires of 2010, the number of snake eagle at the station remains the same, but there is a slight shift in nesting areas, which are located on the periphery of cleared burnt areas (Shmeleva, 2013). Registrations of the snake eagle during the nesting period are also known in the middle reaches of the river. Lukh and in the vicinity of Lake Rubskoe (Chudnenko et al., 2012).
Thus, the number of snake eagle
Rice. Fig. 3. Meetings of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo region. Fig. 3. Distribution of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatusj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 4. Distribution of the greater borer (Aquila clangaj) in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 4. Distribution of the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clangaj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 5. Distribution of the lesser weed (Aquila pomarinaj) in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 5. Distribution of the Lesser Spotted Eagle (Aquila pomarinaj in the Ivanovo district.
on the territory of the Ivanovo region has increased slightly and reaches 5-7 pairs. The key habitat is the Balakhninskaya lowland and the adjacent valleys of the Klyazma and Lukh rivers.
The dwarf eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) is a very rare, possibly breeding species. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). Occasionally, single birds are observed without signs of nesting. In particular, encounters of the dwarf during the nesting period are known on the territory of the Andronikhovo floodplain (coast of the Gorky Reservoir), the Balakhninskaya lowland, the Klyazminsky reserve (S.V. Romanova, personal communication; Slashchinina, 2012), the village of Shumilovo, Teikovsky district (V. T. Butyev, personal communication).
Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga) -
a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species.
In the Ivanovo region, nesting of greater spotted eagles is known in the 40-50s in the northwestern part - the Volga and Komsomolsky districts (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Within the region, Greater Spotted Eagles are observed nesting in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. Lukh, in the Klyazma floodplain, in swampy forests on the border of the Gavrilovo-Posad district and the Yuryev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region, in the Komsomolsky district, in the Andronikhovo floodplain (Gorky Reservoir). Complex of floodplain landscapes of the river. The Klyazma and its tributaries are one of the most important core populations of this species in Europe. In particular, in the floodplain of the middle reaches of the river. There are 6 nesting territories known in Lukh, 4-5 nesting territories are known in the Klyazma floodplain within the Ivanovo region, and a nesting area regularly occupied by the spotted eagle is also known in the area between the Klyazma and Lukh rivers. In total, 8-12 pairs of Greater Spotted Eagles nest annually in the Klyazma-Lukha grouping, and up to 20 pairs nest throughout the region.
Lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomlrinл) -
a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. IN
Rice. Fig. 6. Distribution of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaеtosJ in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 7. Distribution of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 7. Distribution of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicillaj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 8. Meetings of the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 8. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinusj in the Ivanovo district.
Nesting of 3-5 pairs is known in the region. In particular, nesting of 2-3 pairs is known in the Klyazminsky reserve (Melnikov, 2004; Slashchinina, 2012); during the nesting period, lesser spotted eagles were noted in the area of Lake. Shadrino (middle reaches of the Lukh River), in the north of the Gavrilovo-Posad district, in the Volga region (Kalinin A.A., personal communication). A single successful nesting of the Lesser Spotted Eagle was noted in the vicinity of the city of Ivanovo, in a forest belt near the fields of the educational farm of the IGSHA in 2007 (Melnikov, 2012). Settlements of lesser spotted eagles in the Ivanovo region are the easternmost of those identified on this moment. At the same time, hybridization of the species with the greater spotted eagle is known (Melnikov et al., 2008).
Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaеtos) is a very rare nesting species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species.
Single pairs live on the territory of the Ivanovo region - territorial birds were noted in the river valley. Lukh, a couple with a chick - at the Gorkovsky Reservoir. The territorial pair, which was observed in the Balakhninskaya lowland for a number of years, was not registered after the fires of 2010 (Shmeleva, 2013).
White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus
albicilla) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. In the Ivanovo region, it is currently regularly observed on the Gorky Reservoir and its spurs - in the lower reaches of the river. Nodoga, Zhelvata, Nemda, and was also recorded during the nesting period on the Morkushsky reservoir, on the river. Lukh, b. Klyazma, in the Balakhninskaya lowland, on the Uvodsky reservoir. In 2012, a residential nest was discovered in the western part of the Klyazminsky reserve, on the border with the Vladimir region. Since 2010, a residential eagle nest on the river. Klyazma in the area of the pier named after. February 8 observed by D. Malakhov
Rice. Fig. 9. Distribution of the Eagle Owl (Bubo buboj in the Ivanovo district.
Rice. 10. Identified nesting areas of the great gray owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo region.
Fig. 10. Distribution of the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) in the Ivanovo district.
(private message). In 2013 Here we have repeatedly observed a pair of adult eagles carrying food towards the nest. In total, at least 5-7 pairs of eagles nest in the region.
Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a very rare, possibly breeding species. Listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (category 1 - endangered species). In the Ivanovo region at the beginning of the 20th century. The peregrine falcon nested in the center of r. Ivanovo, on the old bell tower, until the birds were shot at the numerous requests of pigeon breeders (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Until the mid-50s. last century sapsa-
we nested in the city of Gavrilov Posad (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Currently, migratory birds are occasionally recorded, including in the cities of Ivanovo and Shuya. The wounded peregrine falcon was found in the Teykovsky district and taken to the Ivanovo Zoo (Melnikov et al., 2000). During the nesting period, the peregrine falcon was recorded on the territory of the Klyazminsky reserve, in the valley of the river. Lukh, on the Gorky Reservoir, at the peat mining sites of the Teikovsky and Pestyakovsky districts (Red Book of the Ivanovo Region, 2007), in the Andronikhovo floodplain (Gorkovsky Reservoir), at the Bolshoye Boloto peat mining site. Regular meetings during the nesting period suggest nesting of single pairs.
Eagle owl (Bubo bubo) is a very rare breeding species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. In the regional Red Book - category 1 - an endangered species. Encounters are very rare in the central part of the region (the village of Tserkovnovo), recorded in the north of the region - near the village. Reshma, in the Zavolzhsky district near the village of Posulovo, in the valley of the river. Nodoga (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000). Mating vocalizations were observed in the middle reaches of the river. Luh. There is unverified data about sightings of the eagle owl in the west of the region, in the vicinity of the Markush Reservoir.
The most significant habitat of the eagle owl in the Ivanovo region is the Balakhninskaya lowland. Five nesting territories were identified here, mating vocalizations were recorded annually, broods, remains of prey, and fluttering animals were repeatedly noted. But after the fires of 2010, the species is not found there (Shmeleva, 2013). In total, 10-15 pairs are expected to nest on the territory of the Ivanovo region; the number has probably decreased in recent years.
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa)
Included in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region with category 3 - a species with low numbers and sporadic distribution over large areas. Rare breeding species. On the territory of the Ivanovo region, during the nesting period, it was recorded in the Zavolzhsky region (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), near the village of Degtyarevo, in the Klyazminsky reserve. Nesting was observed in Za-
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.
Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa). Photo by V. Melnikov.
Teikhinsky reserve (Gerasimov, Salnikov, Buslaev, 2000), in the middle reaches (M.V. Sheptukhovsky, personal communication) and lower reaches of the Teza (Melnikov et al., 2005), in the Balakhninskaya lowland (Melnikov et al., 2009). In August 2013, a brood of Great Gray Owl (2 chicks) was photographed using a camera trap at a feeding area for moose in the Lobtsovsky protective area, Leninskaya Dacha tract, Gavrilovo-Posadsky district"2.
The number has increased slightly, the total number of the species in the region is estimated at 50 pairs. Unfortunately, in the Red Book of the Ivanovo Region (2007), as a result of a technical error, the “abundance” section in the essay on the great gray owl was made up of another species, so the population density and total number of the species in the region indicated there is overestimated by an order of magnitude.
Plot in the Balakhninskaya lowland near the lake. Tonki, where the nest was located, known for a number of years, was burned during a fire in 2010 and was cut down in 2012. After the fires, the great gray owl was not recorded in this area (Shmeleva, 2013).
Literature
Bacca S. V., Kiseleva N. Yu. Key ornithological territories Nizhny Novgorod region. - Inventory, monitoring and protection of key ornithological territories of Russia. Vol. 3. M., 2001. P. 98-110.
Voloshina O.N. Observations of the snake eagle in the Vladimir region. - Ornithology. Vol. 32. M., 2005. pp. 117-119.
Gerasimov Yu.N., Salnikov G.M., Buslaev S.V. Birds of the Ivanovo region. M., 2000. 125 p.
Red Book of the Ivanovo Region. Volume 1. Animals / Ed. Isaev V.A.; comp.: Egorov S.V., Tikhomirov A.M., Barinov S.N., Lazareva O.G. and others. Ivanovo: IPK “PresSto”, 2007. 236 p.
Melnikov V.N. New habitats of birds listed in the Red Book of the Ivanovo region. - Rare animals and mushrooms. Materials on maintaining the Red Book of the Ivanovo region. Ivanovo, 2012. pp. 69-70.
Melnikov V.N., Barinov S.N., Romanova S.V. Rare species of birds of prey of the Ivanovo region
sti. - Materials of the working meeting “Rare species of birds of prey in the northern forest zone of the European part of Russia: prospects for study and ways of protection.” Cherepovets, September 11-14, 2000. Cherepovets, 2000. pp. 17-19.
Melnikov V.N., Buslaev S.V., Chulnenko D.E., Kiselev R.Yu. Notes on the population of owls in the Ivanovo region. - Owls of Northern Eurasia. M., 2005. pp. 155-158.
Melnikov V.N., Dmigrenok M.A., Ivanov M.N., Kiselyov R.Yu., Kiselyova S.V., Dombrovsky V.Ch. Results of the 2005 expedition to study spotted eagles of the European Center of Russia. - Study and protection of the greater and lesser spotted eagle in Northern Eurasia. Proceedings of the V International Conference on Birds of Prey of Northern Eurasia. Ivanovo, February 4-7, 2008. Ivanovo, 2008. pp. 191-194.
Melnikov V.N., Novikov S.V., Kiselev R.Yu., Chulnenko D.E. On the ecology of owls in the Ivanovo region. - Owls of Northern Eurasia: ecology, spatial and biotopic distribution. M., 2009. pp. 185-187.
Melnikov V.N., Chulnenko D.E., Shmeleva G.P., Kiselev R.Yu., Kiselyova S.V., Esergepov A.A., Slashinina Ya.A. Monitoring of the avifauna of key ornithological territories in the Ivanovo region. - Bird conservation in Russia: problems and prospects. Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Russian Bird Conservation Union (Moscow, February 7-8, 2013) M., 2013. pp. 170-174.
Slashinina Y.A. Monitoring of Falconiformes on the territory of the Klyazma Republican Nature Reserve (Ivanovo region). - Birds of prey in the dynamic environment of the third millennium: status and prospects. Proceedings VI International conference on falcons and owls of Northern Eurasia. Krivoy Rog, September 27-30, 2012 Krivoy Rog, 2012. pp. 234-237.
Chulnenko D.E., Melnikov V.N., Lazareva O.G., Shmeleva G.P., Grilneva V.V., Kiseleva S.V. Characteristics of the avifauna in the vicinity of Rubskoye Lake (Teykovsky district, Ivanovo region). - Actual problems studying and preserving the biodiversity of the Upper Volga region. Interregional scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Department of General Biology and Botany of the Botanical Garden of Ivanovo State University. Ivanovo, 2012. pp. 90-99.
Shmeleva G.P. The influence of the pyrogenic factor on the fauna and bird population of the Balakhna Lowland. - Bird protection in Russia: problems and prospects. Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Russian Bird Conservation Union (Moscow, February 7-8, 2013). M., 2013. pp. 253-259.
12 http://www.iv-hunter.ru/index.php/forum 1 /10-teoriya-i-praktika/28833-forest-camera-trap?start=210#43244
Fauna of Moscow
Moscow, like any large city, has its own bird fauna, just as it has its own fauna of insects, fish, mammals, etc. Birds by species composition, numbers individual species and their distribution across urban habitats, of course, is in some ways similar to the fauna of other European cities, similar in size to Moscow, but in some ways different, and this is the most important thing for us.
White-backed Woodpecker
White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos Bechst.). The bird is medium in size, slightly larger than the Great Spotted Woodpecker (body weight of males 105-112 g, females 105-106 g).
The top of the neck and upper back, wings, tail, stripes from the corners of the beak on the sides of the neck, partially limiting the white sides of the head (“cheeks”), are black; the sides of the neck, lower part of the back, wide transverse stripes on the wings and outer tails are white; forehead light cream; the bottom of the neck, chest, sides of the body are pinkish-white or yellowish-white, on the sides of the body there are black longitudinal streaks; the underbelly and undertail are red or pink.
Great Spotted Woodpecker
Great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos mayor). The bird is slightly larger than the starling (body weight of males is 70-96 g, females 70-97 g). The top of the head and neck, back, wings, rump, and tail are black, and there is a stripe of the same color from the beak to the back of the head, limiting the white cheeks; the forehead, throat, chest, abdomen, spots on the shoulders, stripes on the wings and tail are white.
In some individuals, the outer pair of tail feathers is white with black stripes. The undertail is red, the male has a red transverse stripe on the back of the head, and in young birds the entire top of the head is red. Voice - sharp “kick-kick” or loud squealing. In spring, birds quickly strike dry twigs and treetops with their beaks and produce a kind of “drum roll.”
green woodpecker
Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis), A bird the size of a jackdaw (body weight 186 - 250 g). Its back is bright green, the rump is golden-yellow, the wings and tail are light brown with light gray transverse stripes, the forehead and “whiskers” (stripes from the beak to the neck) are black (in males with red strokes), the top of the head and neck bright red, chest, belly greenish-dirty white; the voice is a loud cry “peck-peck-peck”.
This is a rare nomadic, partially sedentary species. It inhabits mainly deciduous and mixed forests, less often suburban forest parks, preferring light areas of forests near the edges and clearings.
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (DeBdrocopos minor). The smallest of the woodpeckers, the size of a sparrow (body weight 21-25 g). The top of the neck, front of the back, wings, tail are black; forehead, cheeks, lower back, transverse stripes on the wings and on the side tail feathers, the underparts are white. The top of the head is red in the male, black in the female; voice - loud, continuous “ki-ki-ki-ki-ki-ki.”
This is a rare, sometimes common sedentary, partially nomadic species of predominantly floodplain (willow, aspen or alder) forests. Less common in light deciduous and mixed moist forests on watersheds. During nesting time, this woodpecker is hardly noticeable.
Hoodie
The gray crow is a well-known medium-sized bird (body weight 360-610 g) with contrasting colors. Its head, throat, crop, wings and tail are black with a metallic sheen, its back and belly are dirty gray, its legs and beak are black. Calm flight is heavy, with uniform flapping of wide wings.
In autumn and winter, crows often soar in flocks in rising air currents; single and group games in the air are common, when the birds make sharp turns, falls and take-offs.
The nature of the Ivanovo region is peculiar and unique, which is facilitated by its geographical location - the central part of European Russia. It’s no wonder that these regions have been attracting tourists for many decades. The region is rich in its water resources - there are more than a hundred lakes here, with amazing, inimitable topography and flora and fauna. Dense mixed forests, fast, deep rivers and rich, clean air - all this contributes to the development of tourism infrastructure. Particularly attractive is the stormy Lukh River, a tributary of the Klyazma, a favorite place for tourists - kayakers.
Flora of the Ivanovo region
The nature of these places is surprisingly diverse. Flora presented different squads representatives of the flora. Along the way in the forest you can find dense spruce forests growing side by side with birch groves; oak plantations give way to pine forests. And also endless meadows in the floodplains. The wealth of medicinal plants is especially impressive - there are more than 600 species here. Cranberries grow in abundance in swampy areas of the forest. Closer to autumn, entire glades of mushrooms can be found throughout the forest.
Numerous shrubs and small trees fit perfectly into the overall landscape of nature, complementing it. These are raspberry, rowan, black and gray alder, hazel, bird cherry, serviceberry, honeysuckle, wild rosemary, viburnum. About 10 species of willow grow in the forests of the Ivanovo region; oak, linden, three types of birch, aspen and poplar are found in large numbers. There are a lot of plants listed in the Red Book - lily of the valley, skirt, marquis, crow's eye, the entire family of bellflowers, carnation, white and yellow water lilies. The most commonly found berries are lingonberries, blueberries, gonoboble, blueberries, stoneberries, and strawberries are represented by three types .
Fauna of the Ivanovo region
Among the most environmentally friendly significant objects The Ivanovo region includes the Klyazmensky reserve, which has federal status. It stretches across the territory of the Savinsky and Yuzhsky districts - with a total area of 21,000 km. Here you can often find fox, hare, squirrel, marten, mink, and river otter.
Many animals were introduced, including wild boar, elk, beaver and muskrat. The world of birds is especially rich - more than 100 species. These are sparrows, jackdaws, crows, pigeons, wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, tits, jays, and owls. Nesting birds are represented by the common crane, cuckoo, swift, swallows, nightingales, and ducks. Their flying birds are ducks, geese, swans.
Favorable environment promotes the development of reptiles and amphibians. Here you can often see lizards, frogs, toads, snakes and various snakes. water world inhabited by more than a dozen species of fish, which contributes to successful fishing. Protected butterfly species are widespread throughout the region. These are Apollos and Swallowtails. A large number of bumblebees and bees, which has a beneficial effect on plant pollination and the expansion of their population. A total of 192 species of animals in this region are listed in the Red Book and are protected to the fullest extent of the law.
Climate in the Ivanovo region
The Ivanovo region is located in a temperate continental climate zone, which determined its climate characteristics. Summers are relatively warm here, and winters are distinguished by their persistent moderate frosts and snow cover. The coldest month is considered to be January, and the hottest month is July. The average monthly temperature in winter ranges from -11 to - 12 degrees, and in summer - from + 17.5 to + 18 degrees. The annual precipitation is approaching 550-600 mm. The dominant wind direction is southwest. The thickness of the snow cover reaches 30-50 cm, while ground freezing reaches 25-45 cm.
