Structural element of the edition in binding 6 letters. A structural element of a bound publication whose main purpose is to fasten, connect the book block with the binding cover, and additionally serve. Other meanings of this word

After both parts of the cover are ready, you can begin to create such elements of the book as:

1) Flyleaf (or front title)

This is a structural element of a bound publication, the main purpose of which is to fasten and connect the book block with the binding cover, and its additional purpose is to serve as an artistic element external design;

This is an illustration in a book, which is usually placed on the left side of the title page. Portraits of the book's author or character, reproduced in various techniques, are used as frontispieces (in in this case portrait of the true author of fairy tales);

3) Countertitle

This is a page against the front page of the title page with part of the output information (for example, about the entire multi-volume edition as a whole or about the title information of the original edition in a translated book). The countertitle is used to unload the main one title page, if there is too much output information on it;

4) Title page

This is the opening page or spread of the book.

Creating a flyleaf (front title)

After the cover there is a flyleaf (front title), therefore, you need to start the internal design of a children's book edition from there.

Since the front title is usually the empty initial page of a book that precedes the title page, it means that to design the endpaper it is necessary to create an empty sheet with a non-provocative background.

Based on the scheme with a harmonious combination of colors (Fig. 24), a decision was made to choose the color scheme for the design of the endpaper and background pages.

Figure 24 - Scheme of harmonious color combinations

The created collection will be designed in accordance with the “Aloe, Mint, Sand and Aquamarine” gamma, since the created cover is made in blue-turquoise tones corresponding to this gamma.

Considering that the endpaper is a blank page, two functions were involved in its creation: selecting a background and cropping the background to the desired size. After performing these two functions, a foretitle was obtained in sandy tones, which should be reflected horizontally in order to obtain a full spread (Fig. 25).

Figure 25 - Rotating the front title

Creation of Frontispiece

The foretitle is followed by a frontispiece and a countertitle. The frontispiece consists of a background image and a photograph (or image) with a portrait of the author (as mentioned above, in this case, the frontispiece will contain a portrait of the true author of the fairy tales included in the collection). The countertitle will include the author's name, the title of the book, and the name of the publisher.

The frontispiece is developed on a new background image, which was previously highlighted in the middle, so that later the portrait would be located there, and the text in the book.

The portrait should be processed before being placed on the frontispiece. As with the cover illustration, the original image was cropped and modified using the Feather feature to adjust the edges. An image with feathered edges does not contrast with the background and does not look unprocessed. Also under the portrait should be placed the name of the author depicted in the portrait, and the dates of life and death. It is better to choose a cursive font for the inscription to reflect the creative nature of the author of literary works. After looking at several options for italic fonts, one was chosen - “Nicoletta script Regular” (Fig. 26).

Figure 26 - Example of the font “Nicoletta script Regular”

The inscription is made in 58 point, and the dates are in 36 point, since this font contains numbers more letters more than 1.5 times. A portrait placed just above the center allows you to position the inscription so that the picture as a whole does not look disproportionate. The “standard set” of styles are applied to the text layer with the same settings: “Inner Shadow”, “Gradient Overlay” and “Shadow”. Thus, the frontispiece is ready to be placed in the book layout (Fig. 27).

Figure 27 - Frontispiece

In Fig. 5.1 shows the main elements of the book.

Fig.5.1. Elements of the book.

1 - dust jacket flap; 2 - flyleaf; 3 - frontispiece; 4 - title page; 5 - dust jacket; 6 - book block; 7 - lasse.

Valve- 1) (in plate production) an empty edge in the form of a strip on the mounting of a photoform; 2) (in printing production) offset edge printed form, intended for fastening in the slats when it is installed in a printing machine, as well as the edge of a paper sheet, intended for gripping during its transportation in the machine during printing; 3) (in bookbinding production) part of the cover (dust jacket) folded inside the book.

Flyleaf- a sheet of paper or print folded in half (single-fold notebook) placed between the binding cover and the book block. Serves as a link between the book block and the binding cover. There are several types of endpapers. The most commonly used simple endpaper is a single-fold notebook made from special endpaper. In books of large volume (block thickness over 30 mm), adhesive endpapers with edging are used - a strip of paper or calico 16-20 mm wide. For small books, they use their own endpaper (see book with its own endpaper).

Frontispiece- an element of artistic design of the publication, which is an illustration placed on the left page in a spread with the title page.

Dust jacket- an additional paper wrapper over the binding (cover), attached to it only with curved edges - flaps. It is used as an element of the external design of the publication to protect its binding from damage, dirt, and also for advertising purposes.

Book block- a set of notebooks or separate printed sheets bound along the spine, containing all the pages and components of the future publication, except for the binding cover or cover.

Lasse- a braid attached to the spine of the block so that its end extends beyond the bottom edge of the block.

Now let's take a closer look at these and other structural elements of printed publications.

The first and main structural element of all printed publications (except for sheets) is a folded (folded in a certain order) printed sheet, which after folding is called a notebook. Depending on the number of folds (type of folding), the notebook may contain 4 stripes (single-fold), 8 strips (double-fold), 16 strips (trifold), 32 strips (four-fold). The newspaper is published in the form of a notebook. For a newspaper, the notebook is the only structural element.

The notebooks selected in the order following each other form a block. The selection includes book and magazine publications with a volume of more than 80 pp., and blocks of publications with a volume of less than 80 pp. complete with insert.

Book editions may have inserts, inserts or covers in which illustrations are located. They are printed separately, often on different paper and in a different way; are not included in the scope of the publication, but are taken into account independently. Covers, tabs, inserts, gluing (additional elements of the block) are attached to the notebooks during the process of completing the block.

Endpapers- two four-page notebooks that serve to fasten the block to the binding cover. Endpapers can be artistically designed and therefore belong to structural and design elements.

The next structural and design element is considered binding or cover. The binding cover (cover) protects the book block from damage, completes the structure of the book and often contains advertising information. A number of book publications intended for long-term use and storage (collected works, textbooks, encyclopedias, dictionaries, publications for children, etc.) and a number of albums, with the exception of albums intended for mass use, for example, popular science, are bound. , educational, instructional, catalogs and advertising, etc. These publications sometimes also have a dust jacket or case as a design element.

The cover is used for book publications that are not intended for long-term storage, magazines and albums for mass use.

When designing publications with a cover, the flyleaf is not used. Making a cover is easier and cheaper, so a large number of books and almost all magazines are designed with covers.

Dust jacket is intended to protect the binding from wear and contamination, and just like the cover and binding, it contains visual and sometimes advertising information, therefore, it is a design element. The dust jacket is connected to the binding due to flaps (curved sides); unique gift or souvenir editions can be placed in a case, which can also be simple (cardboard) or artistically designed.

Title is a design element of book, magazine and newspaper publications. The following types of titles are distinguished. The main, or main, title can be single-page and located on the first page or two-page (reversal or swing) and located on two pages - the second and third. In a swing title, the image smoothly transitions from one stripe to another and forms a single whole. In a double-page title, information is located separately on each of the pages, for example, in collected works, the second page contains information about the author’s last name and the number of volumes in the collected works; on the third page - all information relating to a specific volume. In translated publications, each page may contain the same information, but in different languages.

Front title (foretitle) is placed before the main title on the odd-numbered stripe. On the double page of the title (on the even stripe) there may be a title illustration (frontispiece), in a brief artistic form, characterizing the entire work, or a portrait of the author. With a complex title, the reverse of the title can be used for the main two-page title.

The back of the main title may be blank or may be located on an even stripe. counter title or additional title. The countertitle is used in multi-volume and translated publications.

Shmuttitul- internal title - the name of sections, chapters or individual parts within the publication. The title is placed on a separate odd-numbered strip with an empty back (the same as the main title). In dramatic works, a list may be placed on the back of the title characters. In compact publications (magazines and newspapers), the internal title is laid out in the form of a “header”. In book editions, the “cap” is located on the descent strip to account for the descent.

descent strip- the initial page of a section, story, chapter. The indentation (descent) from the beginning of the typesetting strip can be 1/4 - 1/3 of the height of the typesetting strip. Descent is measured in squares or lines. In non-standard editions designed according to the third option, for example in gift editions, children's editions, etc. the size of the descent may be larger. The first line of the imposition can begin with a “cap letter” - an enlarged capital letter, which also plays a design role.

Running title - short name section, chapter. It is often used in reference publications and is called reference. The reference footer is laid out at the top of the typesetting strip and fits into its size. In book publications (especially often in poetic editions), the header has the form of a columnar line and is called a decorative footer. In newspaper publications, the footer is laid out at the bottom of the typesetting page and fits into its size.

Binding, cover, dust jacket, title, being structural and design elements in book and magazine publications, must be designed in accordance with the design of the entire publication.

The cover, binding, dust jacket can be designed using the format of the typesetting page of the publication or use the page size of the publication after trimming.

The active part of the binding, from the point of view of the publication's design, is the binding spine. The binding, spine, and dust jacket must be designed in the same way. The choice of font for the design of the text of the cover and binding depends on the amount of text, the color of the material and the designed printing ink; most often, a bold and sometimes bold font is used.

The main title is designed in accordance with the design of the cover (binding), but using lighter fonts. The drawn title is entirely designed by the artist.

The compositional solution of the title is subject to general principles compositions of display forms. The format of the title may be equal to the format of the typesetting page of the publication, in which case there will be margins around the title; Sometimes the graphic elements of the title may extend beyond the typesetting bar.

Colonnumerals are wrapped at the top or bottom of the typesetting strip. The column numbers located at the bottom of the page are not included in the format of the typesetting page and must be separated from the text of the page with a space of 4 to 12 points, while trying to use a space size smaller than the font size used to type the column numbers.

The column numbers located at the top of the strip are typed in the header and footer line, if there is one, and in this case they are included in the format of the type strip. The header and footer, together with the column number, is separated from the subsequent text within the font size of the main set, while compliance with the rules of multiples of the number of lines in the main set is mandatory. Upper column numbers are not placed on the title page, pages entirely occupied by illustrations, imposition pages, and the page with imprint data.

Lower column numbers are not placed on the end pages, on the pages entirely occupied by illustrations, on the title page and on the page with imprint data, however, all of these pages are included in the page count of the publication, while tabs and capes are not numbered and are not included in the page count in the publication.

Norm And signature are installed on each first page of each printed sheet (except for the first, pages entirely occupied by illustrations, title).

Norm- the short name of the publication or the order number under which the publication is being produced.

Signature- number of the printed sheet. Serve to control the correctness of the selection.

A signature with an asterisk is installed on every third strip of each printed sheet and serves to control the correct folding. The norm and signature are not included in the typesetting format. The signature is most often typed in 8 point font and is located on the same line with the bottom column number. The norm is almost always typed in 6 point font and is additionally separated from the text of the page by two more points.

Publishing information

The following types of supplementary text are classified as author's or publisher's information. The text is highlighted graphically or compositionally.

Dedication or epigraph(authentic information) are placed on a separate page after the title if they apply to the entire publication, or on the imposition page as part of the imprint. Epigraphs to individual chapters or parts of the publication are placed on the front pages after the titles of the chapters or parts, before the text as a descendant. At the same time, they beat back equally from above and from below. If the epigraph consists of several separate excerpts, they are separated by 2 - 4 paragraphs.

annotation It is most often placed on the back of the title in the optical middle of the page, highlighted by using a font of a different size or style, or compositionally (typeset on a different, often smaller, format).

Preface, introduction, introductory article placed on the odd-numbered stripe after the title and dedication (if any). All specified information placed on odd-numbered stripes. A set with increased leading is allowed (set on veneers).

Afterword and final article placed after the main text or contents of the publication and more often on odd-numbered imposition pages - first an afterword, and then a final article.

Notes and comments for the entire publication they are placed after the afterword and the final article, and in their absence - after the main text, on a separate imposition page.

Applications placed after the notes, afterword, final article or main text. If the application is closely related to the text, it is placed immediately after the text on a separate release strip. If there are several applications, the descent is made only before the first application. Each application can be placed from a new strip or in a selection. Sometimes they are united by a title.

Bibliography to the entire book is placed after the application on a separate imposition strip. Bibliographies for individual chapters or sections are placed at the end of those sections as supplementary text. The bibliographic description contains basic information about the publications.

Name and subject indexes are placed before the table of contents (table of contents) if it is located at the end of the publication. Each pointer is placed on its own descent strip.

In special, scientific, technical and reference publications, the contents may be placed after the title on an odd-numbered imposition. Contents - a sequential listing of the titles of the publication indicating the pages.

In magazines, the contents are placed on the back of the title or on a narrow-format insert before the main text.

Imprint, as a rule, are placed on the last page of the publication, typed on a reduced format and placed in the optical middle of the page, or typed on a full format and placed at the bottom of the page. In compact editions, the imprint is placed on the back of the title. The output contains a brief description of publication: surname of the author, editor, title, circulation, volume, format, number of printed and conventional printed sheets, printing method, name of the enterprise where the publication was printed and other data necessary for bibliographic processing of the book. Imprint information is placed on the last page of the publication.

Book advertisements placed in the publication if there are free pages.

Magazine ads most often placed on the third and fourth pages or in a specially allocated place within the main text, most often at the end of the publication, but other specially designated places for advertising can also be used.

Newspaper advertisements placed in specially designated places, but there may be entirely advertising newspapers.

External design of publications: type and method of attaching endpapers to notebooks, the presence of a captal, bookmark ribbon, shading of edges, type of spine (straight or round), design of binding covers (printing followed by varnishing, film pressing, lamination or embossing, inkless or using foil), shading of books, as well as assembly techniques, fastening book blocks and attaching additional elements to notebooks (glues, inserts, capes and tabs) are selected in publishing houses based on the type, purpose and volume of publications.

All of the above methods of publication design and others, for example, the presence of a dust jacket, case, are noted in the publishing specification for the printing design of printed publications; The type of paper, cardboard and all other materials used for printing, bookbinding and stitching processes and for the design of publications is also indicated there.

SELECTION OF PUBLICATION FORMAT

6.1. Formats and design options for publications

All types of printed publications are produced in formats established by the standard (GOST 5773 - 90). For book and magazine products, sheet paper of standard sizes is used: 60 x 84, 60 x 90, 70 x 90, 75 x 90, 70 x 100, 70 x 108, 84 x 108 cm. The first dimension is the width of the sheet, the second is the length. The width and length of the paper sheet can be indicated in centimeters or millimeters. Roll paper for books and magazines is available in roll widths of 60, 70, 75, 84, 90, 108, 120 cm.

For newspaper products, sheet paper is used in the following formats: 60 x 84, 42 x 60, 30 x 42 cm and rolled paper in widths of 42, 60, 84, 126 and 168 cm.

The format of the publication is the dimensions of the pages after trimming the block, which are indicated in millimeters (Table 4.1). In accordance with GOST 5773 - 90, the trimming amount is established for all formats: width - 5 mm, height - 10 mm. But more often, the format of the publication is indicated by the width and height of the paper sheet, on one side of which one printed sheet is placed, and the fraction of the sheet, i.e. number of pages in one printed sheet. For example, on one side of a paper sheet of 60 x 84/16 format there are 16 pages of the publication.

The first number always indicates the width (of a sheet, typesetting, cliche, illustration, table, etc.), the second - the height. If the first digit is less than the second, the format is book-magazine; if the second digit is less, the format is landscape.

The assortment includes 30 standard publication formats, taking into account sheet size and its proportion. Non-standard formats are also possible, for which non-standard paper sizes can be used: 60 x 70, 60 x 108, 70 x 84, 84 x 100 cm, etc., manufactured to special order.

Typesetting format - the area of ​​the printed part of the publication page, indicated by the size of the width of the page (typeset format) and the height of the page in squares, for example 6 x 93/4 square. The format of the typesetting page is determined by the publication format and design option. The publication format and design option are selected according to OST 29.62 - 86. Book and magazine publications. Basic parameters of publishing and printing design.

Depending on the design option for the same publication format, the format of the typesetting page is different.

The industry standard for the basic parameters of printing design of book and magazine products (OST 29.62 - 86) provides for three design options:

First option- the smallest margins around the typesetting strip, i.e. the maximum permissible sizes of a typesetting page, for example, with a publication format of 60 x 84/16 and the first design option, the size of the margins before trimming will be equal to 11, 16, 17, 19 mm (back, top, side and bottom), the format of the typesetting page is 6* 3/4 x 9*3/4 sq. This is the most economical design option, but is more often used for publications not intended for continuous reading, or for publications such as curricula, materials of scientific conferences, teaching aids. The paper utilization rate with this option is the highest.

Second option used in the design of most book publications. The dimensions of the margins for the publication format 60 x 84/16 before trimming are respectively 13.18, 20 and 21 mm, and the format of the typesetting page is smaller than in the first version and is 6.5 x 9.5 square meters.

Third option least economical, but most readable. The dimensions of the margins for a publication format of 60 x 84/16 before trimming will be respectively equal to 16, 20, 22, 24 mm, the typesetting format will be the smallest and will be 6.25 x 9.25 square meters. This design option is acceptable for collected works, monographs, individual works of art, fiction, publications for children.

Margins on a publication page play an important aesthetic role, largely determining readability. The typesetting strip is located, as it were, in the optical middle of the page; the narrowest field is the inner radicular, somewhat wider is the upper, even wider is the outer lateral and the widest is the lower.

It is allowed to use combined design options for publications in agreement with the printing house, for example, the height of the typesetting strip is selected according to the first option, and the width - according to the second.

When designing publications for preschool children school age It is permissible to use individual layouts.

a) Know that there is nothing higher and stronger, and healthier, and more useful for life in the future, like some good memory, and especially one taken from childhood, from the parental home....
b)"... Whether you are old, tired, or a busy person, drop everything and run towards the calling voice. This voice always meant only one thing: other people need your immediate, urgent help...
c) “For the first time, a clear thought came to my mind that we are not the only ones, that is, our family, living in the world, that not all interests revolve around us, but that there is another life of people who have nothing in common with us who don't care about us and don't even have a clue about our existence"
d) “The days of ill health were the big days of my life. During them, I must have grown a lot and felt something special ...
e) “...There’s also pride, and...well, maybe not self-discipline, but something innate, passed down from my grandfather and really, well...decency, or something...
Determine the main idea that unites these seemingly so different statements.

Write down the most important thing. All our dignity lies in thought. It is not space or time, which we cannot fill, that elevates us, but it is she,

our thought. Let us learn to think well: this is the basic principle of morality.

Lomonosov, the most famous Russian educator, was born into a poor peasant family in the winter of 1711. From an early age, Mikhail helped his Pomor father, sailing with him on ships in the White Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Possessing a natural thirst for knowledge, Mikhail Vasilyevich already learned to read and write at the age of 14, having read all the books available to him at that time.

Realizing that it was impossible to “go out into the public eye” in his seaside village of Mishlinskaya, Lomonosov went to Moscow (1730). Where a year later, having resorted to deception, (Mikhail Vasilyevich pretends to be a nobleman) enters the Moscow Academy. Lomonosov short message Here he receives good training, having mastered Latin and other sciences perfectly.

In 1736, Lomonosov was transferred to the university at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, from where he was sent to study for 3 years at the University of Marburg (Germany). Lomonosov then continued his education in Freiburg, where he delved into physics and chemistry. In these sciences, as well as in astronomy, geology, geography and other sciences, Mikhail Vasilyevich made many discoveries, some of which formed the basis for the research of future generations. Thus, Lomonosov discovered the presence of an atmospheric shell on Venus, outlined the foundations of the literary Russian language, and made a huge contribution to the molecular theory of heat.

Returning to Russia in 1741, Lomonosov quickly became a professor of chemistry at the academy, which he had graduated several years earlier in St. Petersburg. 7 years after returning to his homeland, Lomonosov creates his first chemical laboratory, where he creates many research instruments on his own.

Since 1742, Lomonosov lectures at the Academy of Sciences. Mikhail Vasilyevich conducts these public lectures exclusively in Russian, considering many foreigners who worked next to him as “enemies of Russian sciences.” In 1755, one of Lomonosov's outstanding works was published - "Russian Grammar", the first public publication on the Russian language, which became widely known. In this publication, Mikhail Vasilyevich gives a clear division between secular and ecclesiastical language. Lomonosov's works aimed at creating Russian stylistics are of great importance.

The talent of this great man also manifested itself in poetry. Lomonosov short message Mikhail Vasilyevich wrote many very beautiful works throughout his life, which he dedicated to important state events in Russia. His odes are replete with patriotic notes, enthusiastic metaphors and rhetorical questions. Lomonosov is also known for the inscription on the statue of Peter the Great, in which he expressed his admiration for the reformer tsar, because without these reforms, the poor Pomor boy Mikhailo Lomonosov could not have become one of the iconic figures in the history of Russia. Mikhail Vasilyevich died at the age of 54. His funeral took place at the Lazarevskoye cemetery (Alexandro-Nevsky Lavra) on April 8, 1765. Lomonosov short message

Even if there is no benefit for a person to lie, this does not mean that he is telling the truth: they simply lie for the sake of lying.

1. Name the elements of the play in which the main characters assert their point of view on “the present century and the past century.”

2. What character traits do the characters (Molchalin, Sophia) reveal in the explanation scene after Molchalin falls from his horse. (Prove in 5-6 sentences).
3. What classes of contemporary Russia are depicted in the play?
4. Why are speaking surnames used in the play?
5. Name the term that in literary criticism refers to the following remarks:
Where is better? Where we are not!
I walked into the room and ended up in another.
To the village, to my aunt, to the wilderness, to Saratov!
A mixture of languages: French with Nizhny Novgorod.
Ah, evil tongues are worse than a pistol...
INDICATE WHO OWNS THESE REPLICAS.

6. For what reason did Repetilov not “take” the dowry for his wife and not rise in the ranks?
7. Write a detailed answer to the question: How do you understand the name of the comedy?

You can bind a book at home - it is not difficult, but it requires some knowledge and skill. Let's figure out how to do this.

First, let's understand the sizes and terminology. In order for a book to stand on a shelf along with other books, you first need to know standard sizes books. Here are some of the most common formats:

Format 60x90/8 (A4)
trimmed format 210x297 mm,
the size often used is 210x290 mm or 210x280 mm.

Format 60x90/16 (A5)
cut format 140x210 mm,
the size 140x205 or 140x200 mm is often used.

Format 60x90/32
trimmed format 105x140 mm.

Format 70x100/12
trimmed format 215x215 mm.

Format 70x100/16
cut format 170x240 mm,
the size 165x235 mm is often used.

Format 70x90/16
trimmed format 160x210 mm.

Format 70x100/32
cut format 110x160 mm, the size 105x160 mm is often used.

Format 84x108/32
trimmed format 125x200 mm.

The trim format of a book refers to the height and width of the book block.

A few terms:

Lasse- a braid that is glued at one end to the spine of the book block, and the rest of the part is laid between the pages of the block so that the other end protrudes beyond the bottom edge of the block.

Bandages- convex transverse stripes on the spine of ancient leather bindings, which are sometimes imitated in the bindings of modern books using embossing.

Captal- this is a colored tape with a thickened edge, glued to the upper and lower edges of the spine of a book block to fasten them, protect them and generally strengthen the book block. In addition, the captal serves as an element of external decoration.

Flyleaf- a structural element of a bound publication, the main purpose of which is to fasten and connect the book block with the binding cover, and the additional purpose is to serve as an artistic element of external design. The sealed endpaper can be background, decorative and ornamental, plot or text.

There are several types of binding:

1. Notebook binding- this is mostly done in printing houses. Vivid examples of this are diaries. If you have an old diary or notebook, look at how it is made, most likely it consists of several notebooks sewn together.

2. Binding sheets with cuts- this is the easiest way to do it at home, this is how books from a series of cheap detective stories are bound)). The disadvantage of this method is that when the book is unfolded completely, it will break and, as a result, sheets will fly out of the breaks.

3. Swallow binding- the same as with cuts, but the cuts are made at an angle of 45 degrees.

This and the previous method refer to sewing book blocks using a no-sew method. Such sewing techniques are used in the manufacture of book blocks from sheet material, for example from typewritten sheets.

So that's all for today. We will sew, cut and glue in the continuation of the article... read the continuation.