Classifier of services in foreign economic activity. Scope of application of kuved

To standardize the collection, processing and presentation statistical information On January 1, 2013, a new Classification of Services in Foreign Economic Activity (KUVED) was introduced in Russia. It was approved by Rosstat Order No. 373 dated July 2, 2012. We will tell you about the scope of application of KUVED and the structure of the classifier in our consultation.

Scope of application of KUVED

KUVED is an industry normative document Rosstat. It is mandatory for use when conducting federal statistical observation for foreign trade in services.

The classifier can be used by other organizations and individuals in agreement with Rosstat.

Codes of types of services according to KUVED are indicated by organizations submitting to Rosstat annual form No. 8-VES (services) “Information on the export (import) of services in foreign economic activity».

Structure of KUVED codes

Objects in the KUVED classification are services that are provided or consumed by Russian participants in foreign economic activity.

Codes for types of services according to KUVED contain 18 digital characters and consist of 4 blocks.

Each sign of the code determines its belonging to one or another level of the hierarchy.

In the structure of the KUVED codes, there are 8 hierarchy levels:

Let us imagine the correspondence of hierarchy levels to signs in the structure of the KUVED code

Let us use an example to show the procedure for generating the KUVED code.

Thus, in accordance with the classifier, the services of recreation parks for rental or provision of recreational equipment (benches, chairs, sun loungers, etc.) have the code 10401.2.897.92.72.11.112.

Let's show the structure of this code by hierarchy levels:

Hierarchy level	Group name	Code according to KUVED
Chapter	Services in the field of recreation, culture and sports	10000.0.000.00.00.00.000
Subsection		10400.0.000.00.00.00.000
Class	Sports and other recreational services	10401.0.000.00.00.00.000
Group	Services used in EBOPS*	10401.2.000.00.00.00.000
Category	Other services for individuals and services in the field of culture and recreation	10401.2.897.00.00.00.000
Subcategory	Holiday parks and beaches services	10401.2.897.92.72.11
View	Holiday park services	10401.2.897.92.72.11.110
Subspecies	Recreation park services for rental or provision of recreational equipment (benches, chairs, sun loungers, etc.)	10401.2.897.92.72.11.112

*EBOPS is an expanded classification of services reflected in the balance of payments.

1.2 Classifications in statistics of foreign economic activity

Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity.

In the study of commodity flows in the foreign market, the classification of goods is one of the main issues. To classify and code goods in statistics of foreign economic relations, the classifier “Commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity” (TN FEA) is used. In our country, the TN VED classifier was initially introduced as the TN VED USSR, which replaced the Unified Commodity Nomenclature on January 1, 1991 foreign trade CMEA member countries. Currently in Russia the Commodity Index is used for statistical purposes.

nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS TN FEA), adopted as an interstate classifier by the decision of the heads of government of the CIS member states on November 3, 1995 (Since January 1, 1997, the 2nd edition of the CIS FEA Commodity Nomenclature has been in effect.)

The commodity nomenclature of foreign trade activities is built on the basis of the Nomenclature of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HCS), developed by the World Customs Organization, as well as the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union, and is essentially their national (Russian) derivative. In our country, maintaining the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity is entrusted in accordance with the Customs Code Russian Federation on Customs Russia. Commodity nomenclature of foreign trade activities, like any economic classifier, has its own structure. Its main elements include classification and coding systems.

The classification system of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity provides for the characteristics of classified objects (goods) and classification levels. The object of classification in the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity is all goods circulating in the country’s foreign trade. The Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity has 6 classification levels: sections, groups, subgroups, commodity items, subitems, subitems. An idea of the classification structure of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity is given in Table 1.

Table 1 - Classification structure of the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity

Classification level	Code	Quantity
Sections	Roman numerals	21
Groups	2 characters*	99"
Subgroups	Roman numerals	33
Product items	4 characters	1241
Subitems	6 characters	5019
Subheadings	9 characters	9506

* Product groups and lower levels of classification (except for subgroups) are indicated Arabic numerals.

** Groups 77, 98, 99 in the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity are reserve.

Coding of goods in the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity is a technical technique that allows you to express the classified object (product) in the form of a group of signs according to the rules established by this classification system. The purpose of the classifier code system is to present information in a form convenient for collection and transmission, adapt it to computer processing, and also provide search, sorting and aggregation of specific data. For product classifiers used in international practice, the coding system eliminates language barriers when identifying a particular product.

In the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity, a nine-digit digital code designation based on the decimal system is adopted. It includes a code for the group (two digits), product item (two digits) and product sub-item (two digits), with each character ranging from 0 to 9. The first six characters (digits) correspond to the nomenclature of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HHS) , and the first eight - the Combined Nomenclature of the European Union (EC CN). Table 2 gives an idea of the structure of the HS code.

Table 2 - Selected goods according to the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity

The classification of goods entering foreign trade is carried out by customs authorities. This is achieved by reflecting in the cargo customs declaration (CCD) the name of the goods crossing the customs border of Russia, its characteristics, as well as the corresponding code. For these purposes, the cargo customs declaration contains column 33 “Product Code”, which indicates the 9-digit code of the product according to the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity. Structurally, the code is written without spaces or other separating characters.

XXXXXXX – Six-digit product code according to the Harmonized System for Description and Coding of Goods;

XX - Eight-digit product code according to the EU CC, which provides for additional detailing of goods carried out by the European Union;

X – A sign at the level of which it is considered necessary to reflect the national characteristics of the product.

To ensure uniform identification of classified objects (goods), the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity includes notes developed for the main classification levels, as well as rules of interpretation that have legal force.

Classifier of services in foreign economic activity

Foreign economic relations cover international “trade not only in goods, but also in services. But unlike foreign trade operations with goods that physically move across the customs border of a country and undergo customs processing, services do not pass customs control and cannot be issued with a cargo customs declaration. The transition to the foreign trade accounting methodology accepted in international statistical practice has necessitated the development and introduction on the territory of Russia of not only the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity, but also the Classifier of Services in Foreign Economic Activity (CU FEA). The classifier was developed in 1990. working group The USSR State Statistics Committee for the revision of statistical methodology and in the first years had temporary status. The Temporary Classifier of Services (VKU) of Foreign Economic Activity was put into effect simultaneously with the Commodity Classification of Foreign Economic Activity of the USSR on January 1, 1991. The Temporary Classifier of Services in Foreign Economic Activity and explanations to it were prepared on the basis of materials Unified classification goods (ECT), developed by the UN Statistical Commission. After a number of additions were made in the prescribed manner to the VKU VED, it was given permanent status.

The classifier of services in foreign economic activity (KU FEA) includes services of a material and intangible nature that are objects of foreign economic activity.

Material services cover:

· transport services(amounts in foreign currency paid by domestic charterers for the transportation of cargo, passengers and luggage, towing ships, etc.);

· design and survey work;

· construction and installation work;

· warehousing services;

· communication services;

· repair of foreign Vehicle, equipment, instruments, as well as other types of repairs carried out both in the territory of the country and abroad (counted as exports), including repairs of domestic vehicles, equipment, instruments and other types of repairs abroad (reflected in imports);

· printing works and others.

· Intangible services include:

· commercial services (financial intermediation services, insurance, rental of buildings, machinery, equipment and vehicles, services in the field of scientific research, development, advertising, legal services etc.);

· services in the field of education;

· health services;

· services for waste disposal, sanitation, etc.;

· services for organizing recreation, tourism, cultural and sports events.

The classifier of foreign economic activity services reflects the name of the services and their code designation. The code length is 9 digital characters. For comparability with the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), its group code “99” was used, which is a reserve.

XX - "99". In order to include CU VED in common system HS coding;

XXXXX - Five-digit code for EKT services;

XX - Two characters for additional detail (if necessary).

Table 3 - Separate services in accordance with the Classifier of Foreign Economic Activity Services

1.3 Indicators of foreign trade volume and involvement national economy in world economic relations

The volume of foreign trade of a region or country as a whole is characterized by a system of indicators that includes:

Indicators in physical terms - volume of exported (imported) goods by type;

Cost indicators: volume of exports (imports) - total, including by type of exported (imported) goods; volume foreign trade turnover; foreign trade balance ( trade balance).

All characteristics are interval ones, calculated over a certain period, usually a quarter or a year.

On the scale of an individual country (region), the volume of foreign trade turnover consists of the sum of the value of exports and imports:

where WTO is foreign trade turnover;

E – export;

And - import.

The foreign trade balance (trade balance) of a country (region) represents the difference between the value of exports and imports:

, (2)

E – export;

And - import.

If the ratio is in favor of exports, then the foreign trade balance of the country (region) will be positive, and the trade balance will be active. If the value of imports exceeds the value of exports, then the foreign trade balance of the country (region) is negative and the trade balance is passive. If the value of exports and imports is equal, the foreign trade balance is zero, and the ratio in the trade balance is called the net balance. Comparison of exports with imports can also be relative. The measure obtained from such a comparison is called the import-export coverage ratio:

, (3)

where is the coefficient of import coverage by exports;

E – export;

And - import.

This indicator belongs to the category of relative coordination values and answers the question to what extent the volume of exports exceeds the volume of imports or how many units of exported goods per unit of imported goods.

In addition to the value indicators of foreign trade turnover and trade balance, determined at the level of individual countries, international foreign trade statistics calculate the turnover and balance of world trade.

World trade turnover characterizes the total volume of goods moved between countries. The peculiarity of its statistical assessment is that it is understood as the sum of the value of exports of all countries, i.e. calculation is carried out according to the formula:

, (4)

where GMT is the volume of world trade turnover;

n is the number of countries that exported goods in the reporting period.

This method of calculating this indicator is explained by the fact that exports of goods from all countries of the world correspond to imports to these countries. Therefore, summing up the volumes of world exports and imports by analogy with calculating foreign trade turnover at the level of an individual country would lead to double counting of the same goods.

Due to differences in the basic estimates of exports and imports (exports - in FOB prices, imports - in CIF prices), a value arises, referred to in international statistics as the world trade balance. It is calculated as the difference between the sum of the value of exports of all countries of the world and the sum of the value of their imports:

, (5)

where SVT is the balance of foreign trade;

E j - total volume the ex port j-th countries;

And j is the total volume of the port jth country.

m is the number of countries that imported goods in the reporting period.

The world trade balance shows how much it costs the world community to deliver goods to importing countries. Considering that CIF prices for goods moved between countries always exceed FOB prices, the balance can only be negative.

Indicators of the involvement of the national economy in world economic relations

Foreign trade statistics study the participation of individual countries in the international division of labor. The involvement of national economies in world economic relations is reflected in a system of indicators, the main of which are:

The share of individual countries or groups of countries in world trade, characterizing the role of individual countries (groups of countries) in world commodity markets. Calculated as:

, (6)

where is the share of individual countries;

Share of country groups;

E j is the total volume of exports of the j-th country;

OMT - volume of world trade turnover;

n is the number of countries in the analyzed group that exported goods;

Share of individual countries in exports individual goods (product groups). Reveals within which industries and types of production the country’s specialization is developing in the international division of labor. Determined in accordance with the calculation algorithm as:

, (7)

where is the share of individual countries in the export of individual goods;

m - number of countries that exported i-th product to the world market.

The share of a country's exports in its gross national product. Shows what part of the produced gross national product the country sends to the foreign market or how many units of exported goods per unit of gross national product:

, (8)

where is the share of exports of a particular country in the gross national product;

E j is the total volume of exports of the j-th country;

The coefficient of dependence of the national economy on imports, reflecting how many units of imported goods there are per unit of gross national product produced. Calculated as:

, (9)

where is the coefficient of dependence of the national economy on imports;

And j is the total volume of the port of the j-th country;

GNP j is the volume of the gross national product of the j-th country.

Share of exports in production individual species products, indicating what part of the product produced in the country is exported. Calculated as:

, (10)

where is the share of exports in the production of certain types of products;

E ij is the volume of exports of the i-th product of the j-country;

Q ij - production volume of the i-th product j-th countries.

Share of imports in the consumption of certain types of products. Shows what portion of the total consumption of a product is provided by imports. Expresses the dependence of the country’s economy on the import of certain goods:

, (11)

where is the share of imports in the consumption of certain types of products;

And ij is the volume of imports of the i-th product of the j-th country;

P ij is the volume of consumption of the i-th product of the j-th country.

Relative export specialization coefficient, characterizing the level of international division of labor.

Determined by the formula:

, (12)

where K oes is the coefficient of relative export specialization;

When K oes >1, there is reason to assert that this country specializes in the world economy in the production and trade of this product;

Diversification (or diversity) coefficient, calculated as:

, (13)

where is the diversification coefficient;

d ij is the share of exports of the i-th product in the total volume of exports of the j-th country;

d ij is the share of exports of the i-th product in the total volume of world exports.

n is the volume of the product range.

The second form of the coefficient is used when the relative values of the structure are expressed as a percentage in the numerator. The diversification coefficient is determined in the range from 0 to 1. If the indicator tends to 1, it means that the country specializes in the world market in the production of a narrowed range of goods. With the expansion of the production of export products sold by a given country on the world market, the diversification coefficient approaches 0.

May be a simple counting of units in a population, summing their values, comparing two or more quantities, or more complex calculations. To generate customs statistics of foreign trade, a system of statistical monitoring indicators is used, the main ones of which are exports and imports calculated in monetary terms. Based on these basic indicators, average prices are calculated...

And foreign scientists and economists; a definition of entrepreneurship is given in conjunction with the Economic Code of Ukraine. SECTION 2. INFORMATION ANALYTICAL SUPPORT FOR STATISTICAL STUDY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACTIVITY 2.1 Characteristics of the activities of the department of structural statistics, financial statistics and the register of statistical units Department of structural statistics, financial statistics...

Largest after the USA. This shows that German exports are significant on a global scale. Speaking about Germany's foreign economic activity, it should be noted that the country was one of the initiators of the creation of the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1957 and currently advocates the deepening and expansion of international economic...

Foreign economic relations cover international trade not only goods, but also services. But unlike foreign trade transactions with goods that physically move across the country’s customs border and undergo customs processing, services do not undergo customs control and cannot be formalized with a customs cargo declaration. The transition to the foreign trade accounting methodology accepted in international statistical practice has necessitated the development and introduction in Russia of not only the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity, but also the Classifier of Services in Foreign Economic Activity (CU FEA). The classifier was developed in 1990 by a working group of the USSR State Statistics Committee to revise statistical methodology and in the early years had temporary status. The Temporary Classification of Services (VKU) of Foreign Economic Activity was put into effect simultaneously with the Commodity Classification of Foreign Economic Activity of the USSR on January 1, 1991. The Temporary Classification of Services in Foreign Economic Activity and explanations to it were prepared on the basis of materials from the Unified Classification of Goods (UCT), developed by the UN Statistical Commission. After a number of additions were made in the prescribed manner to the VKU VED, it was given permanent status.

The Classifier of Services in Foreign Economic Activity (KU FEA) includes services of a material and intangible nature that are objects of foreign economic activity.

Material services cover:

-- transport services (amounts in foreign currency paid by domestic charterers for the transportation of cargo, passengers and luggage, towing ships, etc.);
-- design and survey work;
-- construction and installation work;
-- warehousing services;
-- communication services;
-- repair of foreign vehicles, equipment, devices, as well as other types of repairs carried out both in the territory of the country and abroad (counted as exports), including repair of domestic vehicles, equipment, devices and other types of repairs abroad (reflected in import);
-- printing works and others.

Intangible services include: - commercial services (financial intermediation, insurance, rental of buildings, machinery, equipment and vehicles, services in the field of scientific research, development, advertising, legal services, etc.);

-- services in the field of education;
-- health services;
-- waste disposal, sanitation, etc. services;
-- services for organizing recreation, tourism, cultural and sporting events.

The Classifier of Foreign Economic Activity Services reflects the name of the services and their code designation. Code length -- 9 digital characters. For comparability with the Harmonized System of Description and Coding of Goods (HS), its group code “99” was used, which is a reserve one.

We give examples of coding services in accordance with. Classifier of foreign trade services: