Data on the main elements of the KB 408 crane. Features of the device and operation. Main operating parameters of the model
KB 408 – tower crane Russian production, intended for the construction of high-rise buildings. It combines advanced domestic technologies, the development of which began during the times of the USSR. This model has absorbed the best from its predecessors. The carrying capacity of KB 408 is 10 tons, which is a decent indicator in this price category. The capabilities of this crane installation can be used in the economic and construction fields, and to achieve its maximum potential it will require a lot of working time. This is not surprising, because the KB 408 is reliably protected from overload, has various functions, as well as a comfortable cabin and a reliable design. All this ensures durable and uninterrupted operation, and also increases labor productivity.
Description and purpose
KB-408 is a professional-class equipment designed for the construction of 16-story high-rise buildings. This model takes into account the following key points like thoughtful safety and ergonomic control. Due to the lifting capacity of 25, this crane installation is capable of installing structures and buildings, as well as moving bulky Technical equipment to a certain height and distance. In addition, KB-408 can be used as a replacement for low-power manipulators, the potential of which is often not enough for the construction of large logistics and industrial centers. And finally, to confirm the unlimited capabilities of this model, we note its high popularity in search and rescue operations - for example, when clearing away rubble resulting from the destruction of urban infrastructure.
Technical and cargo altitude characteristics
- Load moment – 1800 t
- Load capacity – 10 t
- Loading capacity for each boom section – 3 t
- Boom parameters: horizontal boom length – from 4.5 to 32 m; inclined boom length – from 4.2 to 26.6 m; horizontal boom height – 54 m; inclined boom height – 72.7 m
- Load lifting speed – 30 m/min
- Load lowering speed – 4.8 m/min
- The speed of movement of a cart with a load is 30 m/min
- Base and track length – 7.5 m
- Power – 77.6 kW
- The performance of a cargo winch with a horizontal boom is 55 kW
- Performance of a cargo winch with an inclined boom – 30 kW
- Rotary platform power – 7 kW
- Boom winch power – 15 kW
- Total weight – 95 tons.
Features of the device and operation
The KB-408 tower crane can be used everywhere thanks to its well-thought-out functionality and good adaptation to complex, harsh conditions. Thus, the forklift of the same name includes several elements:
- rotating platform
- portal
- telescopic tower with the ability to rotate 180 degrees
- crane operator's cabin
- beam boom
- running frame
- additional details
At the top of the platform there is a portal, as well as shooting and cargo winches. The rear part of the platform, in turn, is a place for attaching the counterweight, which consists of 10 reinforced concrete blocks. Essentially, these blocks make the structure heavier, and thereby prevent the swinging mechanism from swinging when carrying loads. As for additional parts, these include the support hinge and working struts.
The portal is a quadrangular structural element, open on both sides and secured to a truss element and cylindrical struts. The portal is based on two trihedrons connected by box beams. Using the portal, you can increase the height and ensure the stability of the boom position. Among the remaining elements of the portal, it is worth highlighting the double-row roller mechanism and four locking elements that prevent the tower from falling during installation of the crane.
Tower - includes the head, head sections and struts. The head, arranged in the form of a metal lattice with racks, ladders and platforms, which provide rigidity.
A cabin mounted on a crane using special mounts at the top of the tower. The cabin can rise to a height of up to 20 meters. The cabin of the KB-408 model is cozy and spacious. We also note good visibility thanks to a wide glazing line, reliable protection against corrosion and other external influences, multi-layer heat and sound insulation, heating panels and other elements. All this provides comfort and coziness, including thanks to the autonomous air conditioning system, which allows you to set the desired temperature. All controls in the cockpit, including levers and switches, are conveniently and ergonomically located and, as they say, at hand. Using special indicators, instrumentation and displays, you can monitor the condition of the working bodies, determine their location, height and load.
The beam boom is a separate structural element welded to flange parts. With the help of a beam boom, the trolley rotates, which is responsible for moving the load. The trolley, in turn, changes the boom reach.
Chassis. Fastening of the trolleys is ensured by two weather vanes, and a switch is built into the running gear of the crane. The weather vanes can be adjusted and converted into transport and working condition. The total number of trolleys is 4 pcs. Two of them operate using an electric drive. The rail mechanism for the KB-408 model can be rounded or straight.
Optional equipment:
- A cargo winch responsible for the operation of the engine, gearbox, brakes and drum mechanism. All these elements are mounted on the platform. The main purpose of the winch is to move cargo in a vertical position
- Trolley winch, consisting of the same parts shown above. The two-speed motor ensures precise guidance of the cargo object to the installation site
- Telescopic suction - a tubular mechanism that ensures a uniform position of the tower during its installation on the platform
- A triangular brace mounted on the top of a tower. It is an auxiliary element when installing the tower. The spacer includes four axle blocks, a guy rope, a load-carrying rope piece, and a mounting device with a load cell.
The crane can be transported using a rail mechanism. To increase the maximum height of 77 meters, it is necessary to tilt the boom at an angle of 30 degrees. It is believed that at a lower height it is possible to achieve a greater carrying capacity, or vice versa
Built-in security system that reads information from sensors that can determine the position of the boom, its load and a certain height. If the load is exceeded, the limiter will be activated, which also operates in the event of a rollover. In addition, the limiter is able to prevent dangerous proximity to high-voltage wires, and thereby protect the crane and operator from serious consequences.
Price
average cost tower crane KB-408 on Russian market is 4 million rubles.
Russian factories began to produce the type we are accustomed to at the end of the 19th century, but crane building as an industry began to develop at a frantic pace after the October Revolution of 1917.
Tower cranes - the situation today
Today in Russia there are about 6 large crane-building factories - out of 25 enterprises of the former Soviet Union Not everyone managed to survive. The stagnation in construction has led to a reduction in the production of tower cranes and the dismantling of existing equipment. Technologies in construction have also changed - heavy elements are a thing of the past, and accordingly, completely different requirements began to be placed on tower cranes.
Crane KB 408
Nyazepetrovsk crane-building plant is one of the few Russian enterprises who survived difficult times. It accounts for approximately a quarter of all production. The most popular model is the KB 408 crane. Crane KB 408 designed for mechanization of construction and installation work in housing and civil construction. The KB 408 crane allows you to erect structures up to 72.7 m high and move cargo weighing up to 10 tons. The crane is available in 15 versions.
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The KB 408 tower crane is designed for mechanization of construction and installation work in housing and civil engineering. Crane KB 408 can be used for construction projects up to 72.7 m with a mass of mounted elements up to 10 tons. Crane KB 408 is a construction mobile full-rotating crane on rails with a rotating tower and beam boom with a cargo trolley providing vertical and horizontal transport of building parts and materials. Tower crane KB 408 transported from site to site in assembled form. The KB 408 crane is installed using its own mechanisms and using a truck crane. The KB 408 crane is transported from site to site in assembled form. |
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Crane KB 408: technical characteristics: Loading capacity of KB 408 is 10 tons. |
Tower crane KB-408 is a mobile full-rotating rail-mounted crane equipped with a rotating tower, a cargo compartment and a girder boom. The design features of the special equipment allow it to be used in industrial construction for vertical and horizontal transportation of building materials and parts weighing up to 10 tons.
Design features of special equipment
The running frame of the KB-408 tower installation is traditional for this series of special equipment. The design is equipped with rotary weather vanes and a portal, the design of which was borrowed from the previous model of this series - the KB-160 crane installation.
The equipment of the tower is unified with elements of similar truck cranes from the KB model range. Significant changes the designers introduced the KB-408 turret head into the device. The difference from previous models is the size of the pulley ropes and the total number of inventory sections (depending on the modification - from 2 to 6 pieces).
It is also worth noting that the head section of the KB-408 turret can be disassembled, which greatly simplifies the transportation of special equipment to the construction site.
The KB-408 control cabin is designed specifically for a high crane, which requires its placement at a height of more than 20 m. The installation methods of this structural element are traditional for installations of this line. The improved cabin of the KB-408 tower crane differs from the base model by the following advantages:
Crane control cabin KB-408
- ergonomic design;
- modern security system;
- wide view;
- innovative heating panels;
- air conditioner.
The main boom of the KB is of a sectional type, made of high-strength metal pipes, the arrangement of which creates a lattice structure, the sections of which are securely connected by flange fasteners. A cargo cart is attached to the boom, the movement of which is controlled by tilt.
The hook cage of the tower crane is made in the form of a biaxial suspension. The structure consists of a pair of cheeks and axles on which cross-beams, hooks and blocks are mounted. The structure is equipped with casings to protect the hook cage blocks.
Technical parameters of KB-408
The high load capacity and productivity of the equipment are due to the technical characteristics, detailed description which are given in the table.
| Parameter KB-408 | Index |
| Total weight of equipment (when fully equipped), t | 95,2 |
| Load capacity at minimum/maximum boom radius, t | 10/6 |
| Boom radius, m | 6-30 |
| Boom radius at maximum loads, m | 16 |
| Load moment, kNm | 160 |
| Maximum lift of inclined/horizontal boom, m | 57,8/46,6 |
| Electric motor power, kW | 123,6 |
| Lowering, m | 5 |
| Crane circulation speed, rpm. | 0,65 |
| Crane weight, t | 54,8 |
| Maximum lifting speed, m/min. | 36-67 |
| Landing speed, m/min. | 4,8 |
| Speed of movement of the cargo trolley (horizontal/inclined boom), m/min. | 7/30 |
| Crane unit movement speed, m/min. | 18 |
| Base / rear clearance / track, m | 6,0/4,35/6,0 |
| Minimum radius of curvature of the movement trajectory, m | 12 |
Features of crane transportation and control
To transport the full-slewing crane to the construction site, the boom, load trolley and other large structural elements are dismantled. Using dolly carts, inventory compartments, reinforced concrete ballast slabs and a boom are moved to the construction site.
To carry out transportation and the possibility of further control of the KB-408 crane prerequisite is a permit from the State Traffic Inspectorate. As a result of agreeing on the procedure for transportation and operation of equipment with the relevant authorities, permission to travel and use the crane is obtained. In some cases, in accordance with traffic regulations, an escort vehicle may be issued.
The KB-408 crane is only allowed to be operated by a qualified crane operator who has the appropriate education, has the skills to work with special equipment, knows the structure of the installation and the rules of conduct in emergency situations.
Used in the construction of 16-story buildings for various purposes, the KB-408 tower crane has gained popularity due to its ease of operation and well-thought-out safety.
What device does this model of lifting equipment have? What are its main features and technical characteristics? How is the KB-408 tower crane controlled? How much does a new and used model of this equipment cost? We will consider these and other questions in the article.
Device
This model is included in the V category of cranes, its design coincides with similar models of this group.
The lift mechanism is arranged section by section using iron profiles welded in the form of a lattice. To change the reach: increase or decrease it, move the carriage.
The design of the KB-408 forklift consists of:
- rotary single-row devices, platforms;
- portal;
- telescopic tower rotating 180 degrees;
- operator cabins;
- beam-type booms with a cargo trolley, with its help lifting a load is possible in both directions: up and down;
- running frame;
- additional details.
Rotary: single row device, platform
The portal is installed on top of the platform, where there are also 2 types of winches:
- rifle,
- cargo
A counterweight in the form of 10 reinforced concrete blocks is mounted at the rear of the platform., thanks to them swivel mechanism does not wobble when carried.
Struts and racks are mounted in the truss elements.
The platform has a base and is attached to the chassis by means of a slewing bearing.
Recently there have been design changes in KB-408, with regard to the structure of the rotating device; outwardly it looks like a circle with a diameter of 2500 mm.
Additional parts - support hinge, working struts and other elements.
Portal
The portal is arranged in the shape of a tetrahedron. On both sides it is open for the movement of tower parts. It is supported by a truss element and telescopic struts. Created from 2 trihedrons. The fastening between them occurs using box-shaped beams.
It is through the portal that the process of increasing height and a stable position in the space of the tower is possible.
It has a roller mechanism located in two rows and four locking elements that can keep the tower from falling during installation of the crane.
Tower
The turret design is similar to that of the K-160. Represents:
- head,
- inventory, head sections,
- spacers
Heading
The tower element is constructed like a metal lattice. Has racks, ladders, platforms.
At the very top of the head, a boom beam and a cargo rope are attached. There is a lightning removal device and an anemometer.
Head section
Blocks of two ropes are attached to it to move carts and loads. A signal light is installed at the top, and buffer stops for trolleys are installed at the bottom.
Control cabin
The device is held on special mounts at the top of the tower. It consists of a cabin for cranes operating at a height of no more than 20 meters. Compared with its predecessor, the K-160 has improved technical devices and heating panels.
Beam boom
The individual structural elements are welded and interlocked using flanged parts. The elements themselves are made of metal. They move the trolley moving the load. With the help of the latter, the arrow's reach is changed.
Running frame
The structure with dimensions of 7.5 x 7.5 meters (four-ring frame) contains rotating weather vanes on which the trolleys are supported. The switch is mounted on the running gear of the crane.
Weathervanes have two states:
- transport;
- working.
There are 4 trolleys for the crane. A couple of them use an electric drive, the rest do not.
Rails for KB-408 can be used in two types:
- rounded;
- straight.
The peculiarities of these mechanisms lie in the position of the main control trolleys. On a straight type of rail - everything is on one axis. On a rounded one - outside the center of the rounding.
Additional details
As additional parts, KB-408 has various elements: brace, hook part and mounting device and other fasteners:
Cargo winch It has a drum mechanism, brakes, a gearbox, and an engine. They stay on the platform. The latter is attached using four screws. The purpose of the winch is to move the load vertically.
Trolley winch, the components are the same. The two-speed motor ensures precise guidance of the load over the installation site.
Telescopic strut constructed from pipes of different diameters, nested one inside the other. They provide balance and support for the tower when installed on the platform.
Crane spacer in the form of a triangle, attached to the top of the tower. Helps to install the tower and deflect the brace cable away from the tower. The spacer contains 4 axle blocks, a guy rope, a rope part for moving loads, and a device for mounting a load sensor.
The crane is transported in a disassembled state; it is mounted on site using existing mounting devices.
The crane is moved using a rail mechanism. KB-408 have counterweights to the tower, located under the latter.
In order to increase the maximum lift height to 77 meters, the boom is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees. The maximum boom reach in this case will be only 50 meters, the load capacity, however, in this case is only one and a half tons.
For maintenance of the KB-408 there is a platform that is fixed to the base of the boom.
Specifications
| Load moment, max, t | 1800 |
| Load capacity, max reach, tons | 6,3 |
| Load capacity, max t | 10 |
| Load capacity, per boom section, t | 3 |
| Length (horizontal boom), max/min, m | 32/4,5 |
| Length (incline boom), max/min, m | 26,6/4,2 |
| Height (horizontal boom), max, m | 54 |
| Height (incline boom), max, m | 72,7 |
| Length (downward movement), m | 5 |
| Speed (lifting load), max height, m/min. | 30 |
| Speed (load down), m/min. | 4,8 |
| Trolley speed (with load), m/min. | 30 |
| V tap, m/min. | 12,8 |
| Rotation, m/min. | 0,65 |
| Base length, m | 7,5 |
| Track length, m | 7,5 |
| Curvature radius, min | 12 |
| Power, kWt | 77,6 |
| Cargo winch power with horizontal boom, kW | 55 |
| Power of cargo winch with inclined boom, kW | 30 |
| Rotator power, kW | 7 |
| Power of the device moving the crane along the rails, kW | 11 |
| Boom winch power, kW | 15 |
| Structural mass | 54,8 |
| Counterweight mass | 40,4 |
| total weight | 95,2 |
How to manage
The beam design allows the load to be guided more smoothly to the installation site.
The tower crane is controlled using special software and hardware located in the cabin, in particular, command controllers and radio-controlled remote controls.
Switching between landing and ascent speeds occurs via a single switch.
This crane is distinguished by thirteen versions; only the boom radius values differ (20, 30, 35), respectively, the lifting capacity and the lifting and lowering values.
The beam boom is installed at an angle, for example, 43 degrees and 30 degrees.
The crane has:
- self-diagnosis system of control mechanisms,
- remote control via GPRS,
- control using touch elements,
- frequency control of motors.
A cabin air conditioning system is also available as an option.
Crane equipment additions:
- Heating in the cabin. The crane can operate successfully both at +40℃ and -40℃. Since it is intended for zone IV. Accordingly, it has a well-heated operator's cabin.
- Load sensor. The load lifting mechanism is equipped with a load control sensor, thanks to which the main components of the system are monitored.
- Motion control cargo elements . Thanks to a special device (frequency), the movement of concrete slabs and other loads occurs smoothly and without interference.
- Cabin temperature control. Thanks to modern electronic components in the cabin, temperature is regulated.
- Safety system in case of rope break (shock absorber, tie). Works and holds the boom when the rope breaks.
Cost of new and used equipment
In Russia, you can buy a new KB-408 crane for at least 7–10 million rubles. from the manufacturer Nyazepetrovsk Crane Manufacturing Plant. A beam boom 40-50 m long can also be supplied with the crane.
At the buyer's request, the selling company can equip the cabin with a modern air conditioning system, which undoubtedly plays in favor of this model of technology.
Equipment from 2005 can be found at a cost of 4.5 million rubles. Newer forklifts will cost more. It is also widely practiced to rent tower cranes from 800 rubles. at one o'clock.
Thus, the KB-408 model among its brothers is in the forefront in terms of technical equipment and load capacity. It has a relatively inexpensive price on the market and has a lot positive feedback among contractors. If the choice is about high-quality lifting equipment, then it’s definitely worth taking a closer look at the KB-408 tower crane.
You can watch a video of the operation of the KB-408 tower lifting and cargo mechanism here:
The tower crane in question is one of the most sought after domestic market: in November 2017, the thousandth copy of the model was assembled. Due to what design features and technical characteristics Is KB-408.21 holding the lead?
The manufacturer of KB-408.21 tower cranes is Crane Technologies LLC (the equipment is produced under the GIRAFFE brand). Note that a more modern version of the name of this model is SMK-10.200, but the company’s official website continues to use a double index.
The ancestor of the model being manufactured today can be called the KB-160 (KB-401) crane, which was put into production back in the late 60s. Initially, the assembly of KB-408.21 was carried out at the Moscow crane plant "Severyanin" (from 1998 to 2001), but then the company completely stopped producing this type of equipment. Since 2002, production has been launched at the Nyazepetrovsk Crane Plant (owned by Crane Technologies LLC).
It should be noted that the design of the tower crane has undergone significant changes over the years. Already at the time of transfer of production of KB-408.21 to Nyazepetrovsk, the configuration of the cabin and electrical cabinets was changed. Equipment produced at different factories, had a number of other differences.
Photo source: giraffecrane.ru
Technical characteristics of KB-408.21
SMK-10.200 (previously - KB-408.21) - rail crane with a rotating tower and a beam boom with a cargo trolley, designed for the construction of structures whose height can reach 72.7 m. The permissible weight of the mounted elements is 10 tons. Materials are transported vertically and horizontally. The equipment is installed using a truck crane, as well as the model’s own mechanisms.
The design of the KB-408.21 crane provides a fourth generation safety device with a coordinate protection system. It includes a control system self-diagnosis module. Interface - touch graphic. By special order, remote diagnostics via GPRS is offered.
For operation in cold weather, the crane cabin has a heating system. Air conditioning can also be ordered.
Modifications
The manufacturer offers 15 design options for the KB-408.21 tower crane (an index from 00 to 14 is added to the name). The most popular version is KB-408.21-02.
Photo source: giraffecrane.ru
Among the technical characteristics that vary depending on the modification of the crane is the lifting capacity at maximum reach (it can be 3, 3.5 or 5 tons). The maximum load moment is, accordingly, limited to 160, 180 or 200 tm. But here it is worth saying that for 3-ton versions the maximum reach reaches 40 m, and for 5-ton versions - 30 m. But upon additional order, it is possible to install booms with a length of 45 and 50 m. We also note that the maximum weight, which in all cases is 10 t, allowed at an outreach of 16, 18 or 20 m.
Let's look in more detail at the characteristics of the KB-408.21-02 tower crane.
Scheme KB-408.21
Graph of lifting capacity of tower crane with horizontal and inclined jib
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